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Juyin Halitta: Binciken Canjin Taswirar Duniya tun 1587
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Gabatarwa Taswirar duniya ta sami sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci tun daga shekarar alif 1587, wanda ke nuna ci gaban bincike, zane-zane, da kuma sauyin yanayi. Wannan labarin ya shiga cikin manyan canje-canjen da suka sake fasalin fahimtarmu game da duniya, yana nuna mahimman abubuwan bincike, faɗaɗa mulkin mallaka, da gyare-gyaren kan iyaka.
Binciken Farko (a shekarar 1587-1800) - Gano Ostiraliya (1606) na ɗan ƙasar Holland mai bincike Willem Janszoon ya nuna farkon binciken Turai a yankin (Janszoon, a shekarar 1606). - Taswirar New Zealand ( a shekarar 1642) na ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Holland Abel Tasman ya faɗaɗa ilimin Turai game da Pacific (Tasman, 1642). - Binciken Arewacin Amurka da turawa suka yi, ciki har da Birtaniya, Faransanci, da Mutanen Espanya, ya kai ga zana taswirar gabas da manyan tafkuna (Buisseret, a shekarar 2003).
Zamanin Mulki (1800-1900) - The Scramble for Africa (1881-1914) ya ga ikon Turai suna sake fasalin iyakokin Afirka, suna ƙirƙirar sabbin yankuna da yankuna (Hobsbawm, 2010). - Fitowar sababbin ƙasashe, irin su Kanada (1867) da Ostiraliya (1901), ya haifar da canje-canje a kan iyakokin ƙasa da sunaye (Smith, 2010). - Turawan mulkin mallaka na Asiya, da suka hada da Birtaniya, Faransanci, da Dutch, ya haifar da taswirar sabbin yankuna da iyakokin (Tarling, 2001).
Zamanin Zamani ( shekara 1900-Yanzu) - Gano Antarctica ( a shekara 1820) da taswirar sa (shekarar 1950s-60s) ya fadada fahimtarmu game da duniya (Amundsen, 1912). - Decolonization da ƙungiyoyin 'yancin kai sun haifar da sababbin kan iyakoki da sunaye, kamar Indiya (shekara 1947) da Indonesia (shekarar 1945) (Smith, 2010). - Rikicin kan iyaka da kudurori, irin su rikicin Alaska Panhandle (shekarar 1903), sun ci gaba da tsara taswirar duniya (Hayne, shekarar 1903).[1][2][3][4][5]
Kammalawa' Taswirar duniya ta samo asali sosai tun 1587, tana nuna binciken ɗan adam, faɗaɗa mulkin mallaka, da sauye-sauyen yanayi. Fahimtar waɗannan sauye-sauye na ba da fa'ida mai mahimmanci a cikin rikitattun tarihin duniya da siyasa.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Janszoon, W. (1606). Nova Guinea. Amsterdam: Cornelis Claesz.
- ↑ Hobsbawm, E. (2010). The Age of Empire: 1875-1914. Abacus.
- ↑ Hayne, J. (1903). The Alaska Boundary Dispute. The Geographical Journal, 22(3), 257-266.
- ↑ Buisseret, D. (2003). The Mapmaker's Quest: Depicting New Worlds in Renaissance Europe. Oxford University Press.
- ↑ Amundsen, R. (1912). The South Pole. London: John Murray.