Ku Klux Klan
 Ku Klux Klan | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Iri |
Tsarin Siyasa, hate group (en)  , terrorist organization (en) , armed organization (en) da criminal organization (en) |
| Ideology (en) |
white nationalism (en) , Christian terrorism (en) , nativism (en) , anti-Catholicism (en) , anti-communism (en) , neo-fascism (en) da white supremacy (en) |
| Subdivisions | |
| Tarihi | |
| Ƙirƙira | 1865 |
| Wanda ya samar |
Nathan Bedford Forrest (mul) |
| Founded in |
Pulaski (en) |
| Ta biyo baya |
Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (en) |
| kkk.bz | |
Klan ya wanzu a cikin zamani daban-daban guda uku. Kowannensu ya ba da shawarar matsayi na masu tsattsauran ra'ayi irin su fararen kishin kasa, anti-hijira da kuma-musamman a cikin abubuwan da suka gabata- Nordicism, [1] antisemitism, anti-Katolika, Haramtacce, populism dama-reshe, anti- gurguzu, luwaɗi, Islamophobia, anti-progressiveism and anti-atheism . Klans biyu na farko sun yi amfani da ta'addanci - duka harin jiki da kisan kai - a kan bakar fata masu fafutuka na siyasa da abokansu a Kudancin Amurka a ƙarshen 1860s. Dukkan ƙungiyoyin uku sun yi kira da a tsarkake al'ummar Amurka, kuma ana ɗaukarsu ƙungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na dama. [2] [3] [4] [5] A kowane zamani, zama memba na sirri ne kuma kiyasi na jimlar duka abokai da abokan gaba sun wuce gona da iri.
An kafa Klan na farko bayan yakin basasar Amurka kuma kungiya ce mai ma'ana ta zamanin Sake Ginawa. An tsara shi a cikin surori da yawa a cikin Kudancin Amurka, jami'an tsaro na tarayya sun danne shi a kusa da 1871.[6][7] [8]Ta nemi hambarar da gwamnatocin jam'iyyar Republican a Kudu, musamman ta hanyar yin amfani da tursasawa masu jefa kuri'a da cin zarafi ga shugabannin Afirka-Amurka.[9] Kowane babi ya kasance mai cin gashin kansa kuma yana da sirri sosai game da zama memba da tsare-tsare. Membobin sun yi nasu, sau da yawa masu launi, kayayyaki: riguna, abin rufe fuska da huluna, waɗanda aka tsara don su zama masu ban tsoro da kuma ɓoye sunayensu.[10][11]
Klan na biyu ya fara a 1915 a matsayin ƙaramin rukuni a Jojiya[12]. Ya girma bayan 1920 kuma ya bunƙasa a duk faɗin ƙasar a farkon da tsakiyar 1920s, gami da yankunan biranen Midwest da West. Samun wahayi daga fim ɗin shiru na DW Griffith na 1915 Haihuwar Ƙasa, wanda ya ƙididdige kafuwar Klan na farko, ya yi amfani da dabarun tallace-tallace da kuma sanannen tsarin ƙungiyar 'yan'uwa. An kafa shi a cikin al'ummomin Furotesta na gida, yana neman kiyaye fifikon farar fata, galibi ya ɗauki matakin haramtawa da ilimin jama'a na wajibi, kuma yana adawa da Yahudawa, yayin da yake jaddada adawarsa ga zargin siyasa. ikon Paparoma da Cocin Katolika. Wannan Klan na biyu ya bunƙasa duka a jihohin kudu da arewa; an biya ta ne ta kudaden farawa da kuma sayar da membobinta daidaitaccen fararen kaya. Surori ba su da haƙƙi. Ya yi amfani da kalmomin K waɗanda suka yi kama da waɗanda Klan na farko ya yi amfani da su, yayin da ake ƙara ƙona giciye da faretin taro don tsoratar da wasu. Ya ragu da sauri a ƙarshen rabin 1920s.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ McVeigh 2009.
- ↑ Matthew N. Lyons, Right-Wing Populism in America (2000), ch. 3, 5, 13.
- ↑ Chalmers 2003.
- ↑ Quarles 1999.
- ↑ See, e.g., Klanwatch Project (2011), illustrations, pp. 9–10.
- ↑ Toy, Eckard. Ku Klux Klan. Oregon Encyclopedia. Retrieved March 4, 2022.
- ↑ Mandel, Nicole L. (April 26, 2012). The Quiet Bigotry of Oregon's Compulsory Public Education Act. Portland State University. Retrieved March 4, 2022.
- ↑ Both the Anti-Defamation League Archived October 3, 2012, at the Wayback Machine and the Southern Poverty Law Center Archived February 19, 2010, at the Wayback Machine include it in their lists of hate groups. See also Brian Levin, "Cyberhate: A Legal and Historical Analysis of Extremists' Use of Computer Networks in America", in Perry, Barbara (ed.), Hate and Bias Crime: A Reader, Routledge, 2003, p. 112.
- ↑ "At 150, KKK sees opportunities in US political trends". Archived from the original on July 1, 2016. Retrieved July 2, 2016.
- ↑ Newton 2001.
- ↑ Mandel, Nicole L. (April 26, 2012). The Quiet Bigotry of Oregon's Compulsory Public Education Act. Portland State University. Retrieved March 4, 2022