Duba tsatso na Mai Neman Mafaka

{{Databox}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Jurisdiction
!Article
!Past and present legislation/treaties
!Related organizations and programs
!Related events and people
|-
|{{Flag|African Union}}
|
|
* Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa
* Kampala Convention
|Africa Refugee Day
|
|-
|{{Flag|Australia}}
|Asylum in Australia
|
|Asylum Seeker Resource Centre
|
|-
|{{Flag|Albania}}
|
|
|
|Uyghur asylum in Albania
|-
|{{Flag|Azerbaijan}}
|Refugees in Azerbaijan
|
|
|
|-
|{{Flag|Brazil}}
|
|
|
* National Committee for Refugees ({{Interlanguage link|Comitê Nacional para os Refugiados|pt|Comitê Nacional para os Refugiados}}, CONARE)
|
|-
|{{Flag|Canada}}
|Asylum in Canada
|
* ''Immigration and Refugee Protection Act''
* Canada–United States Safe Third Country Agreement
|
* Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada
* Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
|Hong Kong asylum seekers in Canada
|-
|{{Flag|China}} 
<small>(incl. {{Flag|Hong Kong}})</small>
|Refugees in Hong Kong
|
|Justice Centre Hong Kong
|
|-
|{{Flag|Cuba}}
|
|
|
|American fugitives in Cuba
|-
|{{Flag|Denmark}}
|
|
|
* Center Sandholm
* Danish Refugee Council
|
|-
|{{Flag|European Union}}
|Asylum in the European Union
|
* Dublin Regulation
* European Social Charter
* <nowiki><i id="mwAWA">Reception Conditions Directive</i></nowiki>, 2003
* Policy Plan on Asylum, 2008
* European Pact on Immigration and Asylum, 2008
* <nowiki><i id="mwAWc">Asylum Procedures Directive</i></nowiki>, 2013
|
* European Asylum Support Office
* European Asylum Curriculum
* Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund
* Eurodac
* European Council on Refugees and Exiles
** European Database on Asylum Law
|European refugee crisis
|-
|{{Flag|Finland}}
|
|
|Finnish Refugee Council
|
|-
|{{Flag|France}}
|Asylum in France
|
* {{Lang-fr|Code de l'Entree et du Sejour des Etrangers et du Droit d'Asile}} ([[Hakkin Neman Mafaka|CESEDA]])
* Law on immigration and integration, 2006
* Law on the control of immigration, integration and asylum, 2007
|
* ''France terre d'asile''
* ''[[Hakkin Neman Mafaka|Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides]]'' (OFPRA; Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons)
|
|-
|{{Flag|Germany}}
|[[Matsakaici a Jamus|Asylum in Germany]]
|
|
* Albert Einstein German Academic Refugee Initiative Fund (offered by UNHCR)
* Pro Asyl
|
|-
|{{Flag|Greece}}
|
|
|
* METAdrasi
* Hellenic Rescue Team
|2016 Turkish military asylum incident in Greece
|-
|{{Flag|India}}
|Refugees in India
|
|
* Migration and Asylum Project
* UNHCR Representation in India
|
|-
|{{Flag|Ireland}}
|
|
|
* Doras
* Irish Refugee Council
* Movement of Asylum Seekers in Ireland
* Nasc
* Sanctuary Runners
|
* Bulelani Mfaco
* Lucky Khambule
|-
|{{Flag|Israel}}
|Israeli policy for non-Jewish African refugees
|
|
|
* Usumain Baraka
* Eduard Stavytsky
* Payam Feili
|-
|{{Flagicon|South America}} [[Latin America]]
|
|Cartagena Declaration on Refugees
|
|
|-
|{{Flag|Middle East}}
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|
|
* UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees
* Association Najdeh
|
|-
|{{Flag|New Zealand}}
|Refugees in New Zealand
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|Refugee Status Appeals Authority
|
|-
|{{Flag|Norway}}
|Refugees in Norway
|
|[[Hukumar Kula Da Yan Gudun Hijira Ta Norway|Norwegian Refugee Council]]
|Rafał Gaweł
|-
|{{Flag|Russia}}<small>(incl. {{Flag|Soviet Union}})</small>
|Refugees and asylum in Russia
|
|
|Edward Lee Howard
|-
|{{Flag|South Korea}}
|Refugees in South Korea
|
|
|Refugees on Jeju Island
|-
|{{Flag|Switzerland}}
|
|
|
* Be aware and share
* UniRef
|
|-
|{{Flag|UK}}
|Asylum in the UK
|
* <nowiki><i id="mwAko">Polish Resettlement Act</i></nowiki>, 1947
* <nowiki><i id="mwAk0">Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act</i></nowiki>, 2002
* <nowiki><i id="mwAlA">Asylum and Immigration (Treatment of Claimants, etc.) Act</i></nowiki>, 2004
* <nowiki><i id="mwAlM">UK Borders Act</i></nowiki>, 2007
|
* Asylum and Immigration Tribunal
* Asylum Support Partnership
* Refugee Council
* Scottish Refugee Council
* Unity
* Welsh Refugee Council
|Jews escaping to the United Kingdom
|-
|{{Flag|UN}}<small>(incl. {{Flag|League of Nations}})</small>
|
|
* <nowiki><i id="mwAnA">Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees</i></nowiki>, 1951
* <nowiki><i id="mwAnM">Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees</i></nowiki>, 1967
|Organizations:

* UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
** International Refugee Organization
** UNHCR Goodwill Ambassador
* International Organization for Migration
* UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
* Nansen International Office for Refugees

Documentation:

* Humanitarian visa
* Refugee identity certificate
* Refugee travel document

Campaigns/initiatives:

* World Refugee Day
* Nansen Refugee Award
|
|-
|{{Flag|US}}
|Asylum in the United States
|
* <nowiki><i id="mwApw">Immigration and Nationality Act</i></nowiki>, 1952
* <nowiki><i id="mwAp8">Migration and Refugee Assistance Act</i></nowiki>, 1962
* <nowiki><i id="mwAqI">Immigration and Nationality Act</i></nowiki>, 1965
* <nowiki><i id="mwAqU">United States Refugee Act</i></nowiki>, 1980
* <nowiki><i id="mwAqg">Immigration Act</i></nowiki>, 1990
* Canada–United States Safe Third Country Agreement
|
* Immigration and Naturalization Service
* U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)
|Operation Provide Comfort
|}
'''Mai''' '''neman mafaka''' shine mutumin da ya bar ƙasarsa ta zama wato ta (asali), ya shiga wata ƙasa kuma ya nemi [[Right of asylum|mafaka]] (watau, kariyar ƙasa da ƙasa) a cikin wannan ƙasar. Mai neman mafaka bakin haure ne da aka tilastawa yin gudun hijira sannan kuma mai yiwuwa ya gudu daga kasarsa saboda yaki ko wasu abubuwan da ke cutar da su ko danginsu. Idan an yarda da shari'arsu, sai su zama [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]]. Sharuɗɗan mai neman mafaka da ɗan gudun hijira galibi suna rikicewa.

Mutum ya zama mai neman mafaka ta hanyar gabatar da taƙaddama don neman izinin zama a wata ƙasa kuma yana riƙe wannan matsayin har sai an gama aikace-aikacen. Hukumomin shige da fice masu dacewa na kasar masu neman mafaka suna tantance ko za a baiwa mai neman mafakar kariya kuma ya zama dan gudun hijirar da aka amince da shi a hukumance ko kuma za a ki karbar mafaka kuma mai neman mafakar ya zama baƙin haure ba bisa doka ba wanda za a iya tambayar sa ya bar kasar har ma yana iya zama kora

A cikin Ingilishi na Arewacin kasar Amurka, ana amfani da kalmar '''asylee''' . Asylee na iya zama mai neman mafaka, kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama, ko kuma mutumin da aka karɓi iƙirarinsa na neman mafaka kuma aka ba shi mafaka. <ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/asylee</ref> A matsakaita, kimanin mutane miliyan 1 ke neman mafaka a kowace shekara. 

Ana iya sanin mai neman hijirar a matsayin ɗan gudun hijira kuma a ba shi matsayin ɗan gudun [['Yan gudun hijira|hijira]] idan halin da suke ciki ya faɗa cikin ma'anar ''<nowiki/>'yan gudun hijira'' bisa ga Yarjejeniyar' Yan Gudun Hijira ta 1951 ko wasu dokokin 'yan gudun hijira -kamar Yarjejeniyar Turai kan' Yancin Ɗan Adam, idan an nemi mafaka a cikin [[Tarayyar Turai]] . Koyaya, waɗanda suka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar 'yan gudun hijirar suna ƙirƙirar manufofinsu don kimanta matsayin kariyar masu neman mafaka, kuma yawan masu neman mafakar da aka karɓa ko aka ƙi a kowace shekara daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa.

== Haƙƙoƙin masu neman mafaka ==
Yayin da ake jiran shawarar masu neman mafaka suna da iyakoki a cikin kasar mafaka. A mafi yawan ƙasashe ba a ba su izinin yin aiki ba kuma a wasu ƙasashen ma ba sa kai. A wasu kasashen ba a basu izinin yin walwala cikin kasar ba.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2021}} Ko da samun damar kiwon lafiya yana da iyaka. A Tarayyar Turai, wadanda har yanzu ba a ba su matsayin [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira ba]] kuma har yanzu suna cikin tsarin neman mafaka suna da wasu hakkoki na samun damar kula da lafiya.  Wannan ya hada da samun damar kula da lafiya da halayyar mutum.  Ko yaya, waɗannan na iya bambanta dangane da ƙasar mai masaukin. Misali, a karkashin Dokar ''Amfanar da Masu Neman Yan Gudun Hijira'' a Ƙasar Jamus, masu neman mafakar ba sa cikin kulawa ta farko kuma an iyakance su ga kulawar lafiyar gaggawa, allurar rigakafin ciki, haihuwa da haihuwa tare da iyakancewa kan kulawa ta musamman.  Masu neman mafakar suna da babbar dama ta fuskantar bukatun kiwon lafiya wanda ba a cika samu ba idan aka kwatanta da na gama-gari na Jamusawa. Har ila yau masu neman mafaka suna da mafi girman rashin karbar asibiti kuma a kalla ziyara guda ɗaya zuwa masu ilimin halayyar dangi, dangane da yawan jama'ar Jamusawa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2021}}

== Batutuwa ==
Ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da ke damuwa da 'yan gudun hijira da masu neman mafaka sun nuna matsaloli ga' yan gudun hijirar don neman mafaka a ƙasashe masu ci gaban masana'antu. Kasancewar manufofin bakin haure a ƙasashe da dama galibi suna maida hankali ne kan yaƙar bakin haure ba bisa ka'ida ba da kuma karfafa kula da iyakoki, hakan yana hana 'yan gudun hijirar shiga yankin da zasu shigar da bukatar neman mafaka. Rashin dama don samun damar hanyoyin neman mafaka na doka na iya tilasta wa 'yan gudun hijirar su yi yunƙurin shiga cikin haɗari.
{| class="wikitable"
!Jurisdiction
!Article
!Past and present legislation/treaties
!Related organizations and programs
!Related events and people
|-
|{{Flag|African Union}}
|
|
* Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa
* Kampala Convention
|Africa Refugee Day
|
|-
|{{Flag|Australia}}
|Asylum in Australia
|
|Asylum Seeker Resource Centre
|
|-
|{{Flag|Albania}}
|
|
|
|Uyghur asylum in Albania
|-
|{{Flag|Azerbaijan}}
|Refugees in Azerbaijan
|
|
|
|-
|{{Flag|Brazil}}
|
|
|
* National Committee for Refugees ({{Interlanguage link|Comitê Nacional para os Refugiados|pt|Comitê Nacional para os Refugiados}}, CONARE)
|
|-
|{{Flag|Canada}}
|Asylum in Canada
|
* ''Immigration and Refugee Protection Act''
* Canada–United States Safe Third Country Agreement
|
* Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada
* Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
|Hong Kong asylum seekers in Canada
|-
|{{Flag|China}} 
<small>(incl. {{Flag|Hong Kong}})</small>
|Refugees in Hong Kong
|
|Justice Centre Hong Kong
|
|-
|{{Flag|Cuba}}
|
|
|
|American fugitives in Cuba
|-
|{{Flag|Denmark}}
|
|
|
* Center Sandholm
* Danish Refugee Council
|
|-
|{{Flag|European Union}}
|Asylum in the European Union
|
* Dublin Regulation
* European Social Charter
* <nowiki><i id="mwAWA">Reception Conditions Directive</i></nowiki>, 2003
* Policy Plan on Asylum, 2008
* European Pact on Immigration and Asylum, 2008
* <nowiki><i id="mwAWc">Asylum Procedures Directive</i></nowiki>, 2013
|
* European Asylum Support Office
* European Asylum Curriculum
* Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund
* Eurodac
* European Council on Refugees and Exiles
** European Database on Asylum Law
|European refugee crisis
|-
|{{Flag|Finland}}
|
|
|Finnish Refugee Council
|
|-
|{{Flag|France}}
|Asylum in France
|
* {{Lang-fr|Code de l'Entree et du Sejour des Etrangers et du Droit d'Asile}} ([[Hakkin Neman Mafaka|CESEDA]])
* Law on immigration and integration, 2006
* Law on the control of immigration, integration and asylum, 2007
|
* ''France terre d'asile''
* ''[[Hakkin Neman Mafaka|Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides]]'' (OFPRA; Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons)
|
|-
|{{Flag|Germany}}
|[[Matsakaici a Jamus|Asylum in Germany]]
|
|
* Albert Einstein German Academic Refugee Initiative Fund (offered by UNHCR)
* Pro Asyl
|
|-
|{{Flag|Greece}}
|
|
|
* METAdrasi
* Hellenic Rescue Team
|2016 Turkish military asylum incident in Greece
|-
|{{Flag|India}}
|Refugees in India
|
|
* Migration and Asylum Project
* UNHCR Representation in India
|
|-
|{{Flag|Ireland}}
|
|
|
* Doras
* Irish Refugee Council
* Movement of Asylum Seekers in Ireland
* Nasc
* Sanctuary Runners
|
* Bulelani Mfaco
* Lucky Khambule
|-
|{{Flag|Israel}}
|Israeli policy for non-Jewish African refugees
|
|
|
* Usumain Baraka
* Eduard Stavytsky
* Payam Feili
|-
|{{Flagicon|South America}} [[Latin America]]
|
|Cartagena Declaration on Refugees
|
|
|-
|{{Flag|Middle East}}
|
|
|
* UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees
* Association Najdeh
|
|-
|{{Flag|New Zealand}}
|Refugees in New Zealand
|
|Refugee Status Appeals Authority
|
|-
|{{Flag|Norway}}
|Refugees in Norway
|
|[[Hukumar Kula Da Yan Gudun Hijira Ta Norway|Norwegian Refugee Council]]
|Rafał Gaweł
|-
|{{Flag|Russia}}<small>(incl. {{Flag|Soviet Union}})</small>
|Refugees and asylum in Russia
|
|
|Edward Lee Howard
|-
|{{Flag|South Korea}}
|Refugees in South Korea
|
|
|Refugees on Jeju Island
|-
|{{Flag|Switzerland}}
|
|
|
* Be aware and share
* UniRef
|
|-
|{{Flag|UK}}
|Asylum in the UK
|
* <nowiki><i id="mwAko">Polish Resettlement Act</i></nowiki>, 1947
* <nowiki><i id="mwAk0">Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act</i></nowiki>, 2002
* <nowiki><i id="mwAlA">Asylum and Immigration (Treatment of Claimants, etc.) Act</i></nowiki>, 2004
* <nowiki><i id="mwAlM">UK Borders Act</i></nowiki>, 2007
|
* Asylum and Immigration Tribunal
* Asylum Support Partnership
* Refugee Council
* Scottish Refugee Council
* Unity
* Welsh Refugee Council
|Jews escaping to the United Kingdom
|-
|{{Flag|UN}}<small>(incl. {{Flag|League of Nations}})</small>
|
|
* <nowiki><i id="mwAnA">Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees</i></nowiki>, 1951
* <nowiki><i id="mwAnM">Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees</i></nowiki>, 1967
|Organizations:

* UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
** International Refugee Organization
** UNHCR Goodwill Ambassador
* International Organization for Migration
* UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
* Nansen International Office for Refugees

Documentation:

* Humanitarian visa
* Refugee identity certificate
* Refugee travel document

Campaigns/initiatives:

* World Refugee Day
* Nansen Refugee Award
|
|-
|{{Flag|US}}
|Asylum in the United States
|
* <nowiki><i id="mwApw">Immigration and Nationality Act</i></nowiki>, 1952
* <nowiki><i id="mwAp8">Migration and Refugee Assistance Act</i></nowiki>, 1962
* <nowiki><i id="mwAqI">Immigration and Nationality Act</i></nowiki>, 1965
* <nowiki><i id="mwAqU">United States Refugee Act</i></nowiki>, 1980
* <nowiki><i id="mwAqg">Immigration Act</i></nowiki>, 1990
* Canada–United States Safe Third Country Agreement
|
* Immigration and Naturalization Service
* U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)
|Operation Provide Comfort
|}

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Hakkin Neman Mafaka|'Yancin mafaka]]
* Coci mafaka
* Korar mutane
* Gudun hijira
* Eduntatawa ga kora
* Mutum mai gudun hijira
* Tilastawa tilastawa a cikin sanannun al'adu
* Takardar shaidar zama 'yan gudun hijira
* Caca 'yan gudun hijira
* Tsarkakakken gari
* Rashin ƙasa

=== Ƙungiyoyi masu alaƙa ===

* Kungiyar 'Yan Gudun Hijira da Hijira <ref name=":0">[https://oramrefugee.org/ Home page], ORAM. </ref>
* [[Amnesty International]]
* [[Kungiyar Agaji Ta Red Cross Ta Duniya|Kwamitin Kasa da Kasa na Red Cross]]
* Cibiyoyin Gudun Hijira na Duniya

== Manazarta ==
  

== Kara karantawa ==

* Hatton, Timothy J. 2020. " [https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jep.34.1.75 Gudun Hijira zuwa Bunƙasar Duniya: Tsanantawa, Inarfafawa, da Manufofi.] " ''Jaridar Ra'ayoyin Tattalin Arziki'' 34 (1): 75-93.
[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]