Mai matsawa na littafin
Mai matsawa na nadadden da ke aiki a baya shine mai fadada nadadawa, kuma yana iya samar da aikin inji.
Tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Léon Creux ya fara ba da izini ga matattarar nadaddun littattafai a cikin 1905 a Faransa da Amurka (Lambar Patent 801182). Creux ya kirkiro compressor a matsayin ra'ayi na injin tururi mai juyawa, amma fasahar simintin karfe na lokacin ba ta da isasshen ci gaba don gina samfurin aiki, tunda compressor na gungura yana bukatar hakuri mai karfi don aiki yadda ya kamata. A cikin takardar shaidar 1905, Creux ya bayyana mai fadada tururi mai juyawa ko mai juyawa wanda aka motsa ta hanyar tsayayyen radius crank a kan shaft guda daya.[1] Koyaya, injin fadada nadaddun littattafai ba zai iya shawo kan matsalolin injin na bin diddigin radial da ke tattare da cimma inganci a cikin aikin nadaddun littattafai wanda ba za a magance shi yadda ya kamata ba har sai ayyukan Niels Young a cikin 1975. Na farko na aiki na scroll compressors ba su bayyana a kasuwa ba har sai bayan yakin duniya na biyu, lokacin da mafi girma-precision na inji kayan aiki ya ba da damar gina su. A cikin 1981, Sanden ya fara kera na'urorin na'urori na farko da ake samu a kasuwa don masu sanyaya iska. [2][3] Ba a samar da su ta hanyar kasuwanci ba don sanyaya iska har zuwa 1983 lokacin da Hitachi ta kaddamar da mai sanyaya iska na farko a duniya tare da compressor na murfin murfi. [4][5]
Tsarin[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Mai matsawa na nadaddun littattafai yana amfani da nadaddu littattafai guda biyu don yin famfo, matsawa ko matsawa ruwa kamar ruwa da iskar gas. Tsarin lissafi na iya zama mai juyawa, Archimedean spiral, ko kuma nau'ikan matasan.
Sau da yawa, dayan nadaddun littattafai an gyara su, yayin da sauran ke kewaye da juna ba tare da juyawa ba, don haka kamawa da famfo ko matsa aljihun ruwa tsakanin nadadden littattafai. Wani shaft mai ban sha'awa na iya samar da motsi na orbital amma dole ne a hana nadadden daga juyawa, yawanci tare da hadin Oldham-type, Karin shafts masu ban sha'a, ko hadin bellows (musamman don aikace-aikace masu tsafta). Wata hanyar da za a samar da motsi na matsawa ita ce juyawa da nadaddun littattafai, a cikin motsi na lokaci guda, amma tare da cibiyoyin juyawa. Motsi na dangi iri daya ne kamar dai mutum yana kewaye.
Ana hana barkewa daga gibin axial ta hanyar amfani da hatimi mai siffar juzu'i, wanda aka sanya a cikin rami a kan matakai na juzu'in biyu. Wadannan hatimi na kai suna taimakawa wajen rage friction kuma ana iya maye gurbin su lokacin da suka lalace. Wasu compressors suna amfani da iskar fitarwa mai matsin lamba don tura duka nadaddun littattafai tare, kawar da bukatar hatimi da inganta hatimi tare da amfani; ana cewa wadannan compressors sun lalace maimakon lalacewa, amma wasu sassa kamar zobe na Oldham har yanzu suna iya lalacewa.[6][7][8][9]
Wani bambancin shine tare da bututun mai sassauka (layflat) inda bututun archimedean ke aiki a matsayin famfo na peristaltic, wanda ke aiki a kan ka'idar iri daya kamar bututun maganin hakora. Suna da murfin da aka cika da mai don hana abrasion na waje na bututun famfo da kuma taimakawa wajen kawar da zafi, da kuma amfani da bututun da aka karfafa, sau da yawa ana kiransu 'hoses'. Wannan aji na famfo ana kiransa 'mai fumu na hanci'. [ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span>]
Kwatanta injiniya da sauran famfo[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Wadannan na'urorin an san su da aiki a hankali, a hankali, kuma abin dogaro fiye da na'urori na al'ada a wasu aikace-aikace.[10]
Juyawa da bugun jini[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Tsarin matsawa yana faruwa a kan kusan 2 zuwa 21⁄2 juyawa na crankshaft, idan aka kwatanta da juyawa daya don masu juyawa, da kuma juyawa daya-rabi don masu jujjuyawar. Tsarin fitarwa da tsotsewa yana faruwa don cikakken juyawa, idan aka kwatanta da Kasa da rabin juyawa don tsarin tsotsewa mai ma'ana, kuma kasa da kwata-juyawa don tsarin fitarwa mai maballin. Compressors masu juyawa suna da cylinders da yawa (yawanci, ko'ina daga biyu zuwa shida), yayin da compressors na gungurawa kawai suna da kashi daya na matsawa. Kasancewar cylinders da yawa a cikin masu matsawa suna rage tsotsewa da fitarwa. Sabili da haka, yana da wahala a bayyana ko masu matsawa na nadadden suna da kananan matakan bugun jini fiye da masu matsawa kamar yadda wasu masu samar da masu matsa lamba nadadawa suka yi ikirarin sau da yawa. karin kwarara yana samar da kananan iskar gas, kananan sauti da kananan girgizar bututun da aka haɗe, yayin da ba shi da tasiri a kan aikin aiki na compressor.
Valves[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Masu matsawa ba su da bawul din tsotsewa, amma dangane da aikace-aikacen na iya ko bazai da bawul din fitarwa ba. Amfani da bawul din fitarwa mai karfi ya fi shahara a aikace-aikacen matsakaicin matsin lamba, wanda ya dace da sanyaya. Yawanci, nadadden iska ba shi da bawul mai fitarwa mai karfi. Amfani da bawul din fitarwa mai karfi yana inganta ingancin mai matsawa a kan yanayi masu yawa na aiki, lokacin da rabon matsin lamba na aiki ya fi girma sama da rabon matsa lamba na masu matsawa. Idan an tsara compressor don aiki kusa da maballin aiki guda daya, to compressor din nadadden zai iya samun inganci a wannan batu idan babu bawul din fitarwa mai karfi (tun da akwai Karin asarar fitarwa da ke da alaka da kasancewar bawul din zubar da kuma tashoshin fitarwa sun zama karami lokacin da fitarwa ya kasance).[11][12]
Inganci[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ingancin isentropic na matattarar nadadden yana da dan fi girma fiye da na matattara mai ma'ana lokacin da aka tsara matattarar don aiki kusa da ma'auni daya da aka zaɓa. Masu matsawa na nadadden sun fi inganci a wannan yanayin saboda ba su da bawul mai karfi wanda ke gabatar da Karin asarar kuntatawa. Koyaya, ingancin mai matsawa na nadadden da ba shi da bawul din fitarwa ya fara raguwa idan aka kwatanta da mai matsawa a cikin aikin matsa lamba mafi girma. Wannan sakamakon asarar matsin lamba ne wanda ke faruwa a babban matsin lamba na matsin lamba mai kyau wanda ba shi da bawul mai Karfi.
Tsarin matsawa na gungurawa kusan yana da inganci sosai wajen yin amfani da ruwa da aka kama. Tsarin tsotsewa yana haifar da sautin kansa, ya bambanta da matsewa da hanyoyin fitarwa a ciki. Ta hanyar kwatanta, masu matsawa suna barin karamin iskar gas a cikin silinda, saboda ba shi da amfani ga piston ya taba kai ko farantin bawul. Wannan iskar gas daga sake zagayowar karshe tana mamaye sararin da aka nufa don iskar gas. Ragewa a cikin iyawa (watau ingancin girman) ya dogara da matsin lamba da fitarwa tare da raguwa mafi girma da ke faruwa a mafi girman rabo na fitarwa zuwa matsin lamba.
Girma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Masu matsawa na mirgina suna da karancin gaske kuma suna gudana a hankali don haka ba sa bukatar dakatarwar bazara. Wannan yana ba su damar samun kananan shell enclosures wanda ke rage farashin gaba daya amma kuma yana haifar da karamin sautin kyauta.[13]
Amincewa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Masu matsawa suna da kananan sassa masu motsi fiye da masu matsawa wadanda, bisa ka'ida, ya kamata su inganta amintacce. A cewar Emerson Climate Technologies, mai kera matattarar murfin Copeland, matattarMai matsawa nadadden (wanda kuma ake kira mai matsawa na juzu'i, famfo na gungurawa da famfo na murkushewa) na'urar ne don matsa iska ko mai sanyaya.[3] Ana amfani dashi a cikin kayan aikin sanyaya iska, a matsayin supercharger na mota (inda aka sani da supercharger mai nau'in scroll) kuma a matsayin famfo mai iska. Yawancin famfo na tsakiya na tsakiya da tsarin sanyaya iska da kuma wasu tsarin sanyaya na mota suna amfani da compressor na na nadaddun littattafai maimakon na gargajiya, mai juyawa, da kuma compressors na juyawa.ar nadadden suna da kashi 70 cikin dari kadan kadan daga sassa masu motsi fiye da matattarar maballin al'ada.[14]
Akalla mai kerawa daya ya gano ta hanyar gwaji cewa kirar mai kididdigar nadadden ta ba da amintacce da inganci a cikin aiki fiye da masu kididdigar.[15]
Rubutun fadada[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Mai fadada nadadden nadadawa na'urar samar da aiki ce da aka fi amfani da ita a aikace-aikacen dawo da zafi mai karancin matsin lamba. Yana da mahimmanci mai matsawa na nadaddun littattafai yana aiki a baya; babban ruwa mai aiki ko gas yana shiga gefen fitarwa na compressor kuma yana juyawa da nadadden littattafai kafin ya fita daga shigarwar compressor. Babban gyare-gyaren da ake bukata don canza mai matsawa zuwa mai fadada nadadden shine cire bawul din da ba ya dawowa daga fitar da mai matsawa.[16]
Dubi kuma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Batirin iska mai matsawa
Bayanan da aka ambata[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Bush, James W.; Beagle, Wayne P. (1994). "Co-Orbiting Scroll Design and Operational Characteristics". Purdue e-Pubs. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 3 June 2019.
- ↑ "History". Sanden Corporation. Sanden International (Europe) Ltd. Archived from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 McCullough, John E. (1990). "Japanese and American Competition in the Development of Scroll Compressors and its impact on the American Air Conditioning Industry". U.S. Department of Energy. doi:10.2172/6952508. S2CID 107387933. Archived from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2019. Cite journal requires
|journal=(help) - ↑ "History (1981-2000) : Hitachi Global". Hitachi.com. Archived from the original on 2018-06-18. Retrieved 2018-06-17.
- ↑ Gerken, David T.; Calhoun, John L. (March 2000). "Design Review of Cast Aluminum Scroll Compressor Components". SAE 2000 World Congress. SAE Technical Paper Series. SAE International. 1. doi:10.4271/2000-01-0761. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-02-21.
- ↑ "New Scroll Compressor | Air Conditioning and Refrigeration | Daikin Global". www.daikin.com. Archived from the original on 2020-05-22. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
- ↑ "How a Scroll Compressor Works | TestEquity". Archived from the original on 2020-09-27. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
- ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-04-11. Retrieved 2020-03-30.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-04-11. Retrieved 2020-03-30.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ↑ "HVAC Compressor". Powered by The People Resources Company. July 2010. Archived from the original on 2014-10-20. Retrieved 2010-07-21.
- ↑ Jim Wheeler (November 1988). "Scroll Compressors: The Inside Story". Contracting Business. Penton Media: 36.
- ↑ Bush, James W.; Elson, John P. (July 1988). "Scroll Compressor Design Criteria for Residential Air Conditioning and Heat Pump Applications". Proceedings of the 1988 International Compressor Engineering Conference. 1: 83–92.
- ↑ "Scanning for Ideas: Air Squared Developed World's Smallest Continuous-Duty Scroll Compressor". Machine Design. Penton Media. 2011-05-19. Archived from the original on 2019-05-09. Retrieved 2021-11-16.
- ↑ "Scroll Compressors: Design Benefits". Emerson Climate Technologies. Archived from the original on 2013-01-02. Retrieved 2013-01-11.
- ↑ Russell, Jill (February 2006). "Commercial Foodservice Equipment, A Continuous Cool". Appliance Magazine. Archived from the original on 2007-05-18. Retrieved 2007-01-10.
- ↑ Emhardt, Simon; Tian, Guohong; Chew, John (August 2018). "A review of scroll expander geometries and their performance". Applied Thermal Engineering. 141: 1020–1034. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.06.045. S2CID 117597304. Archived from the original on 2021-11-16. Retrieved 2021-11-16.
Hadin waje[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Wikimedia Commons on Mai matsawa na littafin
- Copeland Compressors 111, bidiyon da ke nuna yadda mai sarrafawa ke aiki