Nauyin kaya
Load ɗin tushe [2] (kuma baseload ) shine ƙaramin matakin buƙata akan grid na lantarki na tsawon lokaci, misali, sati ɗaya. Ana iya biyan wannan buƙatar ta hanyar tsire-tsire masu ban sha'awa, tsararrakin da za a iya aikawa, [3] ko ta hanyar tarin ƙananan hanyoyin samar da makamashi, [4] dangane da wace hanya ce mafi kyawun haɗin farashi, samuwa da aminci a kowace kasuwa ta musamman. . Sauran buƙatu, dabam-dabam a cikin yini ɗaya, suna saduwa da tsararrakin da za a iya aikawa waɗanda za a iya jujjuya su ko ƙasa da sauri, kamar lodin abubuwan da ke biye da wutar lantarki, kololuwar wutar lantarki, ko ajiyar makamashi .
Tsire-tsire masu amfani da wutar lantarki waɗanda ba sa canza wutar lantarki da sauri, kamar wasu manyan tashoshin kwal ko nukiliya, galibi ana kiransu tashoshin wutar lantarki.[5][6] A cikin karni na 20 mafi yawan ko duk buƙatun nauyin tushe an sadu da su tare da tashoshin wutar lantarki, yayin da sabon ƙarfin da ke kewaye da sabuntawa sau da yawa yana amfani da ƙarni mai sauƙi. [7][8]
Bayyanawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Masu aiki da grid suna ɗaukar dogon lokaci da gajeren lokaci don samar da wutar lantarki a lokuta daban-daban da daidaita wadata da buƙata a kai a kai. Cikakken gyare-gyare an san su da matsalar sadaukarwar raka'a a cikin samar da wutar lantarki. [ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span>]
Duk da yake a tarihi manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki sun yi amfani da tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki marasa canji don saduwa da nauyin tushe, babu takamaiman buƙatun fasaha don wannan ya zama haka. Za'a iya saduwa da nauyin tushe ta hanyar isasshen adadin hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki da kuma tsara mai aikawa.[3][4]
Tsire-tsire masu amfani da wutar lantarki na iya zama kwal, nukiliya, tsire-tsalle masu haɗuwa, wanda zai iya ɗaukar kwanaki da yawa don farawa da rufewa, hydroelectric, geothermal, [9] biogas, biomass, hasken rana tare da ajiya da jujjuyawar wutar lantarki ta teku.
Halin da ake so na aikawa ya shafi wasu shuke-shuke na gas da hydroelectricity. Masu aiki da grid kuma suna amfani da curtailment don rufe shuke-shuke daga grid lokacin da ba a buƙatar makamashi ba.[10][11]
Tattalin Arziki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Masu aiki da grid suna neman tayin don neman mafi arha tushen wutar lantarki a cikin gajeren lokaci da na dogon lokaci.
Tsire-tsire na nukiliya da na kwal suna da tsada sosai, babban nauyin kayan aiki [12] amma ƙananan farashi. [ana buƙatar hujja]A gefe guda, janareto masu yawa, kamar iskar gas, suna da ƙananan farashi, ƙananan kayan aiki da manyan farashi.
Wasu tashoshin wutar lantarki na kwal da na nukiliya ba sa canza samarwa don daidaita buƙatun amfani da wutar lantarki tunda wani lokacin yana da tattalin arziki don sarrafa su a matakan samarwa na yau da kullun, kuma ba duk tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki ba ne aka tsara su. IEA ta ba da shawarar cewa tashoshin wutar lantarki na kwal bai kamata su gudana a matsayin baseload ba, saboda hakan Yana fitar da carbon dioxide mai yawa, wanda ke haifar da canjin yanayi.[13] Wasu tashoshin wutar lantarki na nukiliya, kamar waɗanda a Faransa, suna iya amfani da su azaman kaya bayan tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki kuma suna canza fitar da su, har zuwa wani mataki, don taimakawa wajen biyan buƙatu daban-daban.[14] [<span title="The link preceding this tag appears to be dead. If this is the case, please attempt to locate the resource that used to reside at the link if possible. (November 2021)">moved resource?</span>][15]
Some combined-cycle plants usually fuelled by gas, can provide baseload power,[16]Samfuri:Request quotationSamfuri:Obsolete sourceas well as being able to be cost-effectively cycled up and down to match more rapid fluctuations in consumption.
A cewar babban jami'in zartarwa na National Grid plc Steve Holliday a cikin 2015, da sauransu, baseload ya zama "ya wuce gona da iri". [8] [6] A shekara ta 2019, Steve Holliday ya bar matsayinsa na Shugaba na National Grid plc kuma ya ci gaba da yin rikodin cewa, "Yana da wahala a yi tunanin cewa nukiliya ba ta da muhimmiyar rawa da za ta taka" [17]
manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Abinda zai iya aiki
- Gudanar da bukatar makamashi
- Adana makamashi na grid
- Daidaitawar nauyi (ƙarfin lantarki)
- Gidan yanar gizo mai hankali
- Load bayan tashar wutar lantarki
- Tashar wutar lantarki mai girma
manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Szondy, Borbála; Bodnár, Balázs; Grossetête, Alain; Gain, Thibaut; Aszódi, Attila (2024). "Review of solutions developed for improving maneuvering flexibility in German, French and Russian PWRs targeting to explore future possibilities for the new VVER-1200 nuclear power plant units in Hungary". Nuclear Engineering and Design. 419. Bibcode:2024NuEnD.41912965S. doi:10.1016/j.nucengdes.2024.112965.
- ↑ "Definition of "baseload"". www.merriam-webster.com (in Turanci). Merriam Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 2018-12-02.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Peters, Roger, Cherise Burda (2007-09-01). "The Basics on Base Load: Meeting Ontario's Base Load Electricity Demand with Renewable Power Sources" (PDF). Pembina Institute. Retrieved 2018-05-16. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "pembina" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 4.0 4.1 Archer, Cristina L.; Jacobson, Mark Z. (November 2007). "Supplying Baseload Power and Reducing Transmission Requirements by Interconnecting Wind Farms". Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology (in Turanci). 46 (11): 1701–1717. Bibcode:2007JApMC..46.1701A. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.475.4620. doi:10.1175/2007jamc1538.1. ISSN 1558-8424. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "stanford" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Energy Dictionary - Baseload plant". EnergyVortex.com. Archived from the original on 2009-02-15. Retrieved 2008-08-03.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 July 10; Alum, 2017 Kevin Steinberger-Alum Miles Farmer-. "Debunking Three Myths About "Baseload"". NRDC (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-01-29. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "The Baseload Fallacy". Energy Global (in Turanci). 2023-08-02. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Karel Beckman (11 September 2015). "Steve Holliday CEO National Grid: baseload is outdated". EnergyPost.eu. Archived from the original on 10 September 2016. Retrieved 6 October 2016. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "holliday" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Scaling Geothermal for Reliable Baseload Power". renewableenergyworld.com. 2007-10-05. Archived from the original on 2018-07-01. Retrieved 2008-08-03.
- ↑ Bird, Lori; Lew, Debra; Milligan, Michael; Carlini, E. Maria; Estanqueiro, Ana; Flynn, Damian; Gomez-Lazaro, Emilio; Holttinen, Hannele; Menemenlis, Nickie (November 2016). "Wind and solar energy curtailment: A review of international experience". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 65: 577–586. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.06.082. ISSN 1364-0321.
- ↑ GIMON, ERIC, ROBBIE ORVIS AND SONIA AGGARWAL (2015-03-23). "Renewables Curtailment: What We Can Learn From Grid Operations in California and the Midwest". Green Tech Media. Retrieved 2018-05-16.
- ↑ "What is Generation Capacity?". Energy.gov (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-06-18.
- ↑ "Accelerating Just Transitions for the Coal Sector – Analysis". IEA (in Turanci). 2024-03-19. Retrieved 2024-04-06.
- ↑ Nuclear Development, June 2011, page 10 from http://www.oecd-nea.org/
- ↑ "Nuclear Development". www.oecd-nea.org. Nuclear Energy Agency. Retrieved 2018-12-02.
- ↑ "A user's guide to natural gas power plants". Utility Dive (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-06-18.
- ↑ Stanley Reed (7 January 2019). "For Wales, Nuclear Plant Would Mean New Jobs. For the U.K., It May Mean More". New York Times.