Polio
| Polio | |
|---|---|
 | |
Description (en)  | |
| Iri |
viral infectious disease (en) , peripheral neuropathy (en) , acquired motor neuron disease (en) , central nervous system viral disease (en) , Enterovirus infectious disease (en) , cuta pandemic and epidemic-prone diseases (en) |
| Field of study (en) |
infectious diseases (en) , neurology (en) orthopedics (en) |
| Sanadi |
poliovirus (en) |
| Symptoms and signs (en) |
muscle weakness (en) , paralysis (en) , paresis (en) , meningism signs (en) , zazzaɓi, amai diarrhea |
| Effect (en) |
Otter Valley polio epidemic (en) 1916 polio epidemic (en) |
| Disease transmission process (en) |
fecal–oral route (en) contact transmission (en) |
| Physical examination (en) |
physical examination (en) , viral culture (en) serological test (en) |
| Suna saboda |
Jakob Heine (en) da Karl Oskar Medin (en) |
| Identifier (en) | |
| ICD-10-CM | A80.9, A80, A80.3, A80.2, A80.4, A80.1 da A80.0 |
| ICD-9-CM | 045, 045.9, 045.92 da 045.90 |
| DiseasesDB | 10209 |
| MedlinePlus | 001402 |
| eMedicine | 001402 |
| MeSH | D011051 |
| Disease Ontology ID | DOID:4953 |
(Poliomyelitis), a harshen Turanci wato Cutar Polio ko kuma Cutar shan inna, cuta ne da ake iya dauka daga wani ta dalilin kwayoyin cutar polio (poliovirus).[1] Kusan kaso 75% na cutar basa nuna alamomin cutar;[2] ana iya samun kananan alamomi kamar ciwon makoshi da zazzabi; a yawancin lokuta alamomi kan tsananta kamar ciwon kai, ciwon wuya, da kuma Paresthesia.[1][3] Wadannan alamomi sukan wuce a tsakanin mako daya ko biyu.[1] Alamar gama-gari itace shanyewar sashin jiki na dundundun, da kuma mutuwa a wasu lokuta idan tayi tsanani.[1] Ana iya samun alamomin cutar (post-polio syndrome) shekaru kadan bayan warke daga cutar, da kuma habakar karancin karfi gabbai irin wanda mutum ke fuskanta yayin kamuwa cutan.[4]
Cutar shan inna na faruwa ne hakanan ne ga dan-Adam.[1] Tana da saurin yaduwa matuka, kuma tana yaduwa daga wani zuwa wani ta hanyar cudanya ta baki ko fuska[1][5] (misali a dalilin gurbataccen muhalli, ko kuma ta hanyar cin abinci ko shan ruwa da ke dauke da kashin dan-adam), ko kuma ta hanyar cudanya ta baki da baki.[1] Wadanda suka kamu da cutar suna iya yadata ga sauran mutane har tsawon makonni shida ko da ace basu fara nuna wasu alamomi ba.[1] Ana iya gano asalin cutar ta hanyar nemo kwayar cutar a cikin kashin mutum ko kuma nemo kwayoyin halitta masu fada da kwayoyin cuta acikin jini.[1]
Poliomyelitis (kwayoyin cutar shan inna) sun wanzu na tsawon shekaru dubunnai da suka gabata, tare da nuna cutar acikin zanukan zamunan baya.[1] Wanda ya fara gano wannan cutar wani masanin magunguna ne bature dan Ingila Michael Underwood a matsayin cuta mai rudarwa acikin shakarar 1789,[1][6] sannan kuma an fara gano kwayoyin cutar da ke janyo cutar a shekarar 1909, wanda wani mai binciken kwayoyin kariyar jiki dan kasar Austriya Karl Landsteiner.[7][8] An samu manyan barkewar cutar acikin karni na 19 a kasashen Turai da Amurka,[1] sannan acikin karni na 20, cutar ta zamonta cuta mafi tada hankali acikin cututtukan da ke kama kananan yara.[9] Bayan gano rigakafin cutar acikin shekarun 1950s, cutar shan inna ta ragu acikin sauri.[1]
Hotuna
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]-
Wani da ya kamu da cuta a sayar kafasa -
0012_Polio_Campaign_-_Nigeria
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Dalilin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Cutar shan inna bayan shafa kowwa ni hallita sai ƴan adam. cutar na haddasuwa ne ta hanyar kamuwa da jinsi na kwayar cutar (genus Enterovirus) wanda haƙa sani da poliovirus(PV).This group of RNA viruses colonize the gastrointestinal tract – specifically the oropharynx and the intestine. Its structure is quite simple, composed of a single (+) sense RNA genome enclosed in a protein shell called a capsid.[10] In addition to protecting the virus' genetic material, the capsid proteins enable poliovirus to infect certain types of cells. Three serotypes of poliovirus have been identified – wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1), type 2 (WPV2), and type 3 (WPV3) – each with a slightly different capsid protein. All three are extremely virulent and produce the same disease symptoms.[10] WPV1 is the most commonly encountered form, and the one most closely associated with paralysis. WPV2 was certified as eradicated in 2015 and WPV3 certified as eradicated in 2019.[11]
Lokacin shayarwa (daga bayyanar alamomi da alamomi na farko) ya kasance daga kwana uku zuwa shida don cutar shan inna ba tare da shayarwa ba. Idan cutar ta ci gaba da haifar da shanyayye, wannan yana faruwa a cikin kwanaki 7 zuwa 21.[12]
Mutanen da ke fuskantar Kwayar cutar, ko dai ta hanyar kamuwa da cuta ko ta hanyar rIgA rigakafi cutar shan inna, suna samun rigakafi. A cikin mutane masu rigakafi, IgA antibodies akan cutar shan inna suna cikin tonsils da gastrointestinal tract kuma suna iya toshe kwayar cutar; IgG da IgM antibodies kan PV na iya hana yaduwar kwayar cutar zuwa neurons na motsi na tsarin juyayi na tsakiya.[13] Cutar cuta ko allurar rigakafi tare da nau'in cutar shan inna ɗaya ba ya samar da rigakafi ga sauran nau'ikan, kuma cikakken rigakafi yana buƙatar fallasa kowane nau'in.[13]
Dalilin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Cutar shan inna bayan shafa kowwa ni hallita sai ƴan adam. cutar na haddasuwa ne ta hanyar kamuwa da jinsi na kwayar cutar (genus Enterovirus) wanda haƙa sani da poliovirus(PV). Wannan gungun kwayoyin cuta na RNA suna mamayar hanyoyin bin abinci – mussamman moƙogoro da hanji. Tsarin Halittar su mai sauƙi neh, wanda ya kunshi (+) sense RNA genome guda ɗaya wanda aka rufe cikin kwarya na gurin Wanda ake kira da capsid.[10] Bayan baiwa sinadarai na halittar kwayar kariya, iya furotin na capsid ya kara baiwa kwayar cutar shan inna damar shafar wasu nauyin kwayoyin halitta. An gano nau'oi uku na kwayar cutar– wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1), type 2 (WPV2), and type 3 (WPV3) – ko wani nau'i da babbanci kaɗan a capsid furotin dinsa . Kowani nau'i na da matukar hatsari kuma suna haifar da alamomin cuta iri ɗaya ne.[10] WPV1 shine nau'i da aka fi gamuwa dashi, kuma shi yake da halaka na kusa da shanyewar gaɓobi. An tabbatar da an shafe WPV2 a shekarar 2015 tare da WPV3 wanda aka tabbatar da shafe shi a shekarar 2019.[14]
Lokacin kekashewar cutar(incubation period) (daga bayyanar cutar da alamomi na farko) ya kasance tsakanin kwana uku zuwa shida in ya kasance cutar ba nau'i dake haifar da shanyewar gaɓa bane. Idan cutar ta girmama zuwa shanyayye, wannan yana faruwa a cikin kwanaki 7 zuwa 21.[12]
Mutanen da ke fuskantar Kwayar cutar, ko dai ta hanyar kamuwa da cuta ko ta hanyar rIgA rigakafi cutar shan inna, suna samun rigakafi. A cikin mutane masu rigakafi, IgA antibodies akan cutar shan inna suna cikin tonsils da gastrointestinal tract kuma suna iya toshe kwayar cutar; IgG da IgM antibodies kan PV na iya hana yaduwar kwayar cutar zuwa neurons na motsi na tsarin juyayi na tsakiya.[13] Cutar cuta ko allurar rigakafi tare da nau'in cutar shan inna ɗaya ba ya samar da rigakafi ga sauran nau'ikan, kuma cikakken rigakafi yana buƙatar fallasa kowane nau'in.[13]
Dalilin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Cutar shan inna bayan shafa kowwa ni hallita sai ƴan adam. cutar na haddasuwa ne ta hanyar kamuwa da jinsi na kwayar cutar (genus Enterovirus) wanda haƙa sani da poliovirus(PV). Wannan gungun kwayoyin cuta na RNA suna mamayar hanyoyin bin abinci – mussamman moƙogoro da hanji. Tsarin Halittar su mai sauƙi neh, wanda ya kunshi (+) sense RNA genome guda ɗaya wanda aka rufe cikin kwarya na gurin Wanda ake kira da capsid.[10] Bayan baiwa sinadarai na halittar kwayar kariya, iya furotin na capsid ya kara baiwa kwayar cutar shan inna damar shafar wasu nauyin kwayoyin halitta. An gano nau'oi uku na kwayar cutar– wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1), type 2 (WPV2), and type 3 (WPV3) – ko wani nau'i da babbanci kaɗan a capsid furotin dinsa . Kowani nau'i na da matukar hatsari kuma suna haifar da alamomin cuta iri ɗaya ne.[10] WPV1 shine nau'i da aka fi gamuwa dashi, kuma shi yake da halaka na kusa da shanyewar gaɓobi. An tabbatar da an shafe WPV2 a shekarar 2015 tare da WPV3 wanda aka tabbatar da shafe shi a shekarar 2019.[15]
Lokacin shayarwa (daga bayyanar alamomi da alamomi na farko) ya kasance daga kwana uku zuwa shida don cutar shan inna ba tare da shayarwa ba. Idan cutar ta ci gaba da haifar da shanyayye, wannan yana faruwa a cikin kwanaki 7 zuwa 21.[12]
Mutanen da ke fuskantar Kwayar cutar, ko dai ta hanyar kamuwa da cuta ko ta hanyar rIgA rigakafi cutar shan inna, suna samun rigakafi. A cikin mutane masu rigakafi, IgA antibodies akan cutar shan inna suna cikin tonsils da gastrointestinal tract kuma suna iya toshe kwayar cutar; IgG da IgM antibodies kan PV na iya hana yaduwar kwayar cutar zuwa neurons na motsi na tsarin juyayi na tsakiya.[13] Cutar cuta ko allurar rigakafi tare da nau'in cutar shan inna ɗaya ba ya samar da rigakafi ga sauran nau'ikan, kuma cikakken rigakafi yana buƙatar fallasa kowane nau'in.[13]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 Estivariz, Concepcion F.; Link-Gelles, Ruth; Shimabukuro, Tom (2021). "Chapter 18: Poliomyelitis". In Hall, Elisha; Wodi, A. Patricia; Hamborsky, Jennifer; Morelli, Valerie; Schillie, Sarah (eds.). Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (The Pink Book). (14th ed.). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, US). Archived from the original on 17 March 2022.
- ↑ "Disease factsheet about poliomyelitis". European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. 26 March 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
- ↑ "Poliomyelitis: Key facts". World Health Organisation. 22 July 2019. Archived from the original on 18 April 2017.
- ↑ "Post-Polio Syndrome Fact Sheet". NIH. 16 April 2014. Archived from the original on 29 July 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- ↑ CDC (29 March 2022). "What is Polio?". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ↑ Underwood, Michael (1789). A Treatise on the Diseases of Children. Vol. 2. London, England: J. Mathews. pp. 53–57.
- ↑ Daniel TM, Robbins FC, eds. (1999). Polio(1st ed.). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press. p. 11. ISBN 9781580460668. Archived from the original on 17 June 2016.
- ↑ Landsteiner, Karl; Popper, Erwin (1909). "Übertragung der Poliomyelitis acuta auf Affen"[Transmission of Poliomyelitis acuta to monkeys]. Zeitschrift für Immunitätsforschung und experimentelle Therapie [Journal for Research on Immunity and Experimental Therapy] (in German). 2 (4): 377–390.
- ↑ Wheeler DS, Wong HR, Shanley TP, eds. (2009). Science and practice of pediatric critical care medicine. London: Springer. pp. 10–11. ISBN 9781848009219. Archived from the original on 17 June 2016.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedSherris - ↑ "Two out of three wild poliovirus strains eradicated". www.who.int. Archived from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Empty citation (help).
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 Kew OM, Sutter RW, de Gourville EM, Dowdle WR, Pallansch MA (2005). "Vaccine-derived polioviruses and the endgame strategy for global polio eradication". Annual Review of Microbiology. 59 (1): 587–635. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.58.030603.123625. PMID 16153180. Archived from the original on 9 July 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
- ↑ "Two out of three wild poliovirus strains eradicated". www.who.int. Archived from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
- ↑ "Two out of three wild poliovirus strains eradicated". www.who.int. Archived from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 2022-08-28.