Rokhl Brokhes

 

Rokhl Brokhes (Yiddish: רחל בּרכות; watan Satumba ranar 23, shekera ta 1880 - 1942 ko 1945) marubuciya cena Yadish daga Minsk (yau a Belarus ). Itace marubuciyar labaru, wasan kwaikwayo, da labarun yara.

Tarihin Rayuwarta

An haifi Rokhl Brokhes a Minsk, acikin yankin Belarusiya na Daular Rasha, acikin iyali matalauta. Mahaifinta, Volf Brokhes, ta kasance maskil (mabiyin Haskalah, ko Wayar da kan Yahudawa), kuma ta koyawa mata Ibrananci, tana bata damar karanta Littafi Mai Tsarki da ayyukan Ibrananci na zamani, kamar litattafan Ibrahim Mapu . . Mahaifinta ya rasu sa’ad da take ’yar shekara tara, kuma bada daɗewa ba ta tafi aikin ɗinki; daga baya ta koyar da aikin allura a Makarantar Koyon Aikin Yawa ta Yahudawa da ke Minsk.

Ta rubuta labarinta na farko, "Yankele," lokacin tana shekara ta 17; an buga ta bayan shekaru biyu a cikin Der Yud, sabuwar jaridar Yiddish na mako-mako dake Warsaw. Daga baya ta buga wasu labarun acikin Der Yud (wanda ya wanzu har zuwa shekara ta 1902), da kuma acikin Yiddish daily Der Fraynd, wanda ta fara bugawa a St. Petersburg a shekara ta 1903, da Di Zukunft, a birnin New York.

Brokhes tayi aure da likitan hakora, kuma tayi rayuwa na wasu shekaru a wani ƙaramin ƙauye a lardin Saratov na Rasha, a yankin Lower Volga . A wannan lokacin ta cigaba da rubuce-rubuce amma batada alaƙa da yanayin adabin Yiddish kuma ta buga kaɗan.

Acikin shekara ta 1920, yayin da yunwa ta ci gaba a yankin Volga, a lokacin yakin basasar Rasha wanda ta biyo bayan juyin juya hali, Brokhes ta koma Minsk tareda iyalinta. Acikin wadannan lokaci na rayuwarta a Minsk, lokacin da birnin ya kasance babban birnin kasar Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, ta sau dayawa buga aikinta acikin Soviet Yiddish jarida Der Shtern, ko, kamar yadda ta zama sananniya daga shekara ta 1924, Oktyabr . A wannan lokaci na baya ta kuma rubuta labaran yara da yawa.

Ayyukanta, waɗanda, baya ga gajerun labarai da litattafai masu yawa, har ila yau sun haɗa da wasan kwaikwayo da yawa, suna da haƙiƙanin lankwasa, tare da dabi'un waƙoƙi da kyakkyawan yanayin tunani; ta kwatanta rayuwar iyali na Yahudawa, musamman mata da yara, da kuma rayuwar aikin Yahudawa. Marubutan 'yan gurguzu na Yiddish Avrom Reyzen da Abraham Liessin (mawallafin Di Zukunft ) duk sun kasance masu sha'awar aikinta, kuma suna cikin abokanta na kurkusa.

A cikin shekara ta 1941, kundin farko na ayyukan Brokhes ya tattara – juzu’i takwas da aka tsara, gami da labarai sama da 200 – An shirya don bugawa a Gidan Bugawa na Jihar Byelorussia a lokacin da Nazi ya mamaye yankin, kuma littafin bai taba fitowa ba.

Brokhes ta mutu acikin ghetto na Minsk .

Ayyukanta da aka zaɓa

In Yiddish

• A zamlung dertselungen . Vilna: Farlag fun B. Kletskin, shekara ta 1922. Tarin labarai bakwai: "Unter-barg", "A bletl", "Di shekhina", "In der un in der gas", "Di zogerin", "In tshad", da "Dem kvure kunya vayb".
• Acikin pyonerishn lager. Minsk, shekara ta 1936.
• Gelke. Moscow, shekara ta 1937. Labari.
• Odlerl un shoyle, a vunder-maysele. Moscow: Emes, shekara ta 1939.
• Shpinen. Minsk: Jihar Byelorussian Publ., shekara ta 1940.

A cikin fassarar turanci

• "The Zogerin" [short story],Wanda Shirley Kumove. In: Frieda Forman et al. (Eds.), Found Treasures: Stories by Yiddish Women Writers. Toronto: Second Story Press, a shekara ta 1994. 08033994793.ABA. p. 85-90.