Samar
Samar (/ˈsɑːmɑːr/ SAH-mar) ita ce tsibiri na uku mafi girma kuma na bakwai mafi yawan jama'a a cikin Philippines, tare da jimlar yawan ƙidaddakun mutane 1,909,537 kamar yadda kididdigar 2020 ta kasance. Tana cikin gabashin Visayas, wanda ke cikin tsakiyar Philippines. Tsibirin ya kasu kashi uku: Samar (tsohon Western Samar), Arewacin Samar, da Gabashin Samar. Waɗannan larduna uku, tare da larduna a tsibirin Leyte da Biliran da ke kusa, suna daga cikin yankin Visayas na Gabas.
Kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na tsibirin Samar ana kiyaye shi azaman wurin shakatawa na halitta, wanda aka sani da Park Natural Island Park
A ranar 19 ga Yuni, 1965, ta hanyar Dokar Jamhuriyar No. 4221, an raba Samar zuwa larduna uku: Arewacin Samar, (Yammacin) Samar da Gabashin Samar. Babban biranen waɗannan larduna sune, bi da bi, Catarman, Catbalogan, da Borongan.[1] Don tunawa da kafa wadannan larduna, ana yin bikin ranar 19 ga Yuni a matsayin hutu na shekara-shekara kuma mutane da yawa suna da ranar hutu daga aiki.
Yanayin ƙasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Samar ita ce tsibiri na uku mafi girma a cikin yankin Philippines tl bayan tsibirin Luzon da Mindanao.[2] Dutsen Huraw shine mafi girman wuri na Samar, tare da tsawo na 2,920 feet (890 m) . [3]
Samar ita ce tsibirin da ya fi gabashin Visayas . Yana kwance a arewa maso gabashin Leyte, ya rabu da shi ne kawai ta hanyar San Juanico Strait, wanda a mafi ƙanƙanta kusan kilomita 2 (1.2 ne kawai a fadin; San Juanique Bridge ya ratsa ƙuƙwalwar. Kuma yana kudu maso gabashin Yankin Bicol a kan Luzon, wanda aka raba shi da shi ne kawai ta hanyar San Bernardino Strait.
A kudunci shine Leyte Gulf, wanda a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1944 ya zama shafin ɗaya daga cikin manyan yaƙe-yaƙe na ruwa na yakin duniya na biyu .[4] Kuma a arewa da gabashin Samar akwai Tekun Philippine, wani ɓangare na Tekun Pacific.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Masarauta da sarakuna
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Abubuwan da suka faru
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An kiyasta sunan tsibirin Samar a matsayin Zamal ta Antonio Pigafetta a cikin 1521.
A shekara ta 1543, Sarki Iberein tare da ma'aikatansa sun kusanci jirgin ruwan Mutanen Espanya da ke tashar jiragen ruwa. Iberein ya fito ne daga Lawan . Har ila yau akwai wani Samarnon saga wanda ke ba da labarin Bingi na Lawan.
Akwai wasu manyan hukumomi a tsibirin kamar Ibabao (ko Cibabao), Achan, Camlaya, Taridola, da Candaya.
Bayanan kasashen waje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Samar ita ce tsibirin farko na Philippines da balaguron Mutanen Espanya ya gani wanda Ferdinand Magellan ya jagoranta (wanda aka rubuta a matsayin Zamal a cikin littafin Antonio Pigafetta). Ya gan shi a ranar 16 ga Maris 1521, bayan ya tashi daga Tsibirin Mariana.[5] Da yake fahimtar cewa ya isa tsibirin, sai ya zana tsibirin, kuma ya kira su San Lazaro (Mai Tsarki Li'azaru a Turanci) saboda an gan su a ranar Asabar. Mutanen Espanya daga baya sun kira tsibirin Filipinas, yayin da Portuguese suka kira shi Lequios . Kodayake Samar ita ce tsibirin farko na Philippines da Magellan ya gani, bai sauka a can ba. Ya ci gaba da kudu, ya auna tashar a tsibirin Suluan, sannan a ƙarshe, a ranar 17 ga Maris 1521, ya sauka a tsibirin Homonhon.[6] Daga baya a cikin 1700s, an rubuta Samar yana da kimanin iyalan Filipino na Mutanen Espanya 103 da iyalan 'yan asalin 3,042.[7]:113
Shekaru bayan haka, wasu tafiye-tafiye na Mutanen Espanya sun isa. Masanin tarihi William Henry Scott ya rubuta cewa "Samar datu da sunan Iberein an tura shi zuwa wani jirgin ruwan Mutanen Espanya da aka kafa a tashar jiragen ruwa a cikin 1543 ta hanyar ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa da ke da zinariya; yayin da yake sanye da zoben kunne da sarƙoƙi. " Scott ya ba da labarin Samarnon saga, wanda ake kira sente, game da Bingi na Lawan, mai wadata Lakanate a Samar, kuma ya rubuta cewa Datu Hadi Iberein ya fito ne daga Lakanate na Lawan.
Samar kuma tana da sunayen da aka rubuta a farkon Mutanen Espanya, gami da Ibabao (ko Cibabao), Achan, Camlaya, da Taridola. Kyaftin din Mutanen Espanya Miguel Lopez na Legaspi kuma ya kira tsibirin Tandaya, bayan ya yi kuskuren sunan ubangiji da sunan tsibirin (kada a rikita shi da Datu Daya na arewacin Cebu). Miguel de Loarca ne ya rubuta wannan a matsayin Candaya .
Yaƙin Philippine-Amurka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yaƙin neman zaɓe na ƙarshe na a Philippine-Amurka (1899-1902) ya faru ne a Samar kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin sanannun sanannun, kuma mafi sanannun duka, na dukan yaƙin. Haɗin abubuwa ya haifar da rikice-rikice na musamman. [ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span>]
A ranar 28 ga Satumba, 1901, Eugenio Daza, Kwamandan Yankin Kudu maso gabashin Samar da Valeriano Abanador, shugaban 'yan sanda na garin, sun kaddamar da hari kan Kamfanin Sojojin Amurka C 9th Infantry Regiment wadanda ke mamaye Balangiga. Sojojin Filipino sun kawo daya daga cikin nasarorin Filipino kawai na yakin da kuma mummunar cin nasarar Amurka a cikin shekarun da suka gabata. [ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span>]
A shekara ta 1989, an kafa "Balangiga Encounter Day" a matsayin hutu na lardin a Gabashin Samar don bikin nasarar Balangiga Encontre.[8][9]
Ganawa Balangiga ta haifar da mummunan Maris a fadin Samar.
"Ba na son fursunoni. Ina so ka kashe ka kuma ka ƙone; yayin da ka kashe ka, zai fi faranta mini rai ... Dole ne a sanya ciki na Samar ya zama jeji mai kuka ... " - Janar Jacob H. Smith
Sojojin Ruwa na Amurka sun kashe dubban Filipinos.
A cikin tarihin yaki,[10] Brian McAllister Linn ,[11][ana buƙatar hujja]ya tabbatar da cewa "Samar ya yi watsi da nasarorin da sojojin suka samu kuma, tsawon tsararraki, an danganta shi a cikin tunanin jama'a kamar yadda yake kwatanta yakin Philippine."
Yaƙin Duniya na II
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ruwan da ke gabashin tsibirin ya kuma karbi bakuncin Yaƙin Samar a ranar 25 ga Oktoba, 1944, inda wasu ƙananan sojojin ruwa na Amurka da ba su da makamai suka yi yaƙi da tsakiyar rundunar sojojin ruwan Japan na Imperial, ciki har da Yamato na Japan. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu tsibirin yana cikin babban sansanin sojojin ruwan Amurka na Leyte-Samar
Yawan jama'a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1903 | Samfuri:Sum | — |
| 1918 | Samfuri:Sum | — |
| 1939 | Samfuri:Sum | — |
| 1948 | Samfuri:Sum | — |
| 1960 | Samfuri:Sum | — |
| 1970 | Samfuri:Sum | — |
| 1975 | Samfuri:Sum | — |
| 1980 | Samfuri:Sum | — |
| 1990 | Samfuri:Sum | — |
| 1995 | Samfuri:Sum | — |
| 2000 | Samfuri:Sum | — |
| 2007 | Samfuri:Sum | — |
| 2010 | Samfuri:Sum | — |
| 2015 | Samfuri:Sum | — |
| 2020 | Samfuri:Sum | — |
- ↑ "PHILIPPINE LAWS, STATUTES AND CODES - CHAN ROBLES VIRTUAL LAW LIBRARY". Ronald Echalas Diaz, Chan Robles & Associates Law Firm.
- ↑ "Samar".
- ↑ "Samar".
- ↑ "The Battle of Leyte Gulf".
- ↑ "The hospitable shores of Samar during Magellan’s landfall".
- ↑ Parr, Charles McKew So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan Thomas Y. Crowell, New York, 1953.
- ↑ ESTADISMO DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS TOMO SEGUNDO By Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga (Original Spanish)
- ↑ Ermita, Eduardo R. (September 26, 2008). "Proclamation No. 1629, s. 2008". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines.
- ↑ "Republic Act No. 6692". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. February 10, 1989.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Linn, Brian McAllister (2000). The Philippine War 1899-1902. Lawrence, Kansas 66049: University Press of Kansas. p. 321. ISBN 0-70061225-4.CS1 maint: location (link)