Sandar Guragu
sandar guragu | |
---|---|
Bayanai | |
Ƙaramin ɓangare na | mobility aid (en) da assistive technology (en) |
Model item (en) | Q110289275 |
sandar guragu Shine taimakon motsawa wanda ke canza nauyi daga ƙafafu zuwa jiki na sama. Sau da yawa ana amfani da shi ta hanyar mutanen da ba za su iya amfani da ƙafafun su don tallafawa nauyin su ba, saboda dalilai da suka kama daga raunin gajeren lokaci zuwa naƙasa na rayuwa.
Tarihi.
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An yi amfani da sanduna guragu a zamanin da can a Misira.[1][2] A cikin 1917, Emile Schlick ya ba da haƙƙin mallaka na farko da aka samar a kasuwa; zane ya ƙunshi sandar tafiya tare da goyon bayan hannu na sama. Daga baya, AR Lofstrand Jr. ya ɓullo da ƙugiya na farko tare da siffa mai tsayi-daidaitacce. A tsawon lokaci, zane na crutches bai canza da yawa ba, kuma ƙirar gargajiya ta ci gaba da zama mafi yawan amfani.
Nau'o'in.
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai nau'ikan sanduna da yawa:
Ƙarƙashin hannu ko axillary.
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana amfani da igiyoyin axillary ta hanyar sanya pad a kan ribcage a ƙarƙashin armpit da riƙe riƙe riƙe riƙewa, wanda ke ƙasa kuma yana daidaita da pad. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani [3] su don samar da tallafi ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ke da ƙuntatawa na wucin gadi a kan ambulation.Tare da sanduna a ƙarƙashin hannu, wani lokacin ana buƙatar tawul ko wani nau'in murfin mai laushi don hanawa ko rage raunin hannu. aka sani da paralysis na crutch, ko paralysis ya iya tasowa daga matsin lamba a kan jijiyoyi a cikin hannu, ko axilla. [4], "ƙuƙwalwar brachial a cikin axilla sau da yawa tana lalacewa daga matsin lamba na ƙugiya...A waɗannan lokuta radial shine jijiyar da aka fi danganta; jijiyar ulnar tana fama da ci gaba a cikin mitar. "
Wani nau'i mai ban mamaki na igiyoyin axillary shine igiyar da aka ɗora. Tsarin hannu [5] karkashin hannu ƙira ne mai laushi wanda yake a buɗe a gaba tare da hannayen hannu don hannayensu da aka tsara don mafi girman ta'aziyya da kuma rage yaduwar raunin da aka yi amfani da shi. Wadannan sanduna kuma suna dauke da ma'aunin bazara a kasa. Manufar [6] ke bayan wannan ƙirar ita ce ta ba mai amfani damar ci gaba da motsa kansu, wanda ke haifar da motsi mai sauri daga wuri zuwa wuri, kodayake bincike ya nuna cewa bambancin saurin yana da ƙanƙanta sosai yayin kwatanta daidaitattun igiyoyin axillary zuwa igiyoyin da aka ɗora.
Hannun gaba.
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]hannu (wanda aka fi sani da ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa, ƙuƙwar Kanada ko ƙuƙwarar "Lofstrand" saboda alamar wannan sunan) yana da ƙuƙa a saman wanda ke kewaye da ƙuƙar hannu. Ana amfani da shi ta hanyar saka hannu a cikin wuyan hannu kuma riƙe riƙe riƙewa. Ƙarƙashin ƙuƙwalwa, wanda aka fi yin shi da filastik ko ƙarfe, na iya zama rabin zagaye ko cikakken zagaye tare da buɗewar nau'in V a gaba yana ba da damar gaban hannu ya zame idan ya fadi.
Ƙarƙashin hannu sune mafi yawan nau'in da aka yi amfani da su a Turai, ko don amfani da gajeren lokaci ko na dogon lokaci. [3] waje da Turai, masu amfani da ke da nakasa na dogon lokaci zasu iya amfani da igiyoyin hannu na gaba, tare da igiyoyin axillary da suka fi dacewa don amfani da gajeren lokaci.
Dandalin.
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wadannan ba su da yawa kuma waɗanda ke da hannu mara kyau ko ƙarfin riƙewa saboda arthritis, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, ko wasu yanayi suna amfani da su. Hannun gaba yana kwance a kan dandamali a kwance kuma yawanci ana ɗaure shi a wurin tare da madaurin velcro wanda ke ba da damar dandamali ko rami don saki idan ya fadi. Hannun yana riƙe da riƙewar kusurwa wanda, ban da haka, ya kamata ya ba da damar daidaita tsawon daga rami zuwa riƙewa da kuma motsawa daga gefe zuwa gefe dangane da nakasassu na mai amfani.
Leg support.
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wadannan sanduna marasa al'ada suna da amfani ga masu amfani da rauni ko nakasa wanda ke shafar kafa ɗaya kawai. Suna aiki ta hanyar ɗaure ƙafar da abin ya shafa a cikin tsarin tallafi wanda a lokaci guda yana riƙe da ƙafar ƙasa daga ƙasa yayin canja wurin kaya daga ƙasa zuwa gwiwoyin mai amfani ko cinya. Wannan salon igiya yana da fa'idar rashin amfani da hannaye ko hannaye yayin tafiya. Amfanin da aka yi iƙirarin shi ne cewa an rage atrophy na cinya na sama saboda ƙafar da ta shafa ta kasance ana amfani da ita. kamar sauran ƙirar ƙuƙwalwa ba waɗannan ƙirar ba su da amfani ga raunin pelvic, cinya ko cinya kuma a wasu lokuta don raunin gwiwa.
Sandunan tafiya ko sanduna suna yin manufa iri ɗaya ga ƙugiya, amma ana riƙe su kawai a hannu kuma suna da iyakataccen ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya saboda wannan.
Nau'in gaits.
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kurkuku ɗaya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Lokacin amfani da kullun guda ɗaya, za a iya sanya kullun a gefen ƙafar da ba a shafa ba ko kuma a yi amfani da shi don ɗaukar nauyin ƙafar da aka shafa.
Tafiyar maki hudu.
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Waɗanda za su iya jure wa ɗaukar nauyi a kan ƙafafu biyu yawanci suna amfani da gait ɗin maki huɗu. Jeri shine ƙugiya na dama, ƙafar hagu, ƙuƙwalwar hagu, ƙafar dama. Wannan shi ne mafi ƙarancin tafiya amma kuma mafi aminci a cikin cewa uku daga cikin maki huɗu suna hulɗa da ƙasa a kowane lokaci. [7]
Tafiya mai maki biyu.
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Waɗanda za su iya jure wa juzu'in ɗaukar nauyi akan ƙafafu biyu amma suna buƙatar ƙarancin tallafi fiye da tafiya mai maki huɗu yawanci suna amfani da gait mai maki biyu. Jeri shine maƙarƙashiyar dama tare da ƙafar hagu sannan kuma ƙugiya na hagu tare da ƙafar dama.
Tafiya mai maki uku.
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Waɗanda ba za su iya ɗaukar nauyi a ƙafa ɗaya suke amfani da ita ba. Dukan sandunan biyu suna ci gaba yayin da suke ɗaukar nauyi akan ƙafar da ba ta shafa ba. Sa'an nan kuma ƙafar da ba ta shafa ba ta ci gaba yayin da yake ɗaukar nauyi a kan kullun.
Swing-to gait.
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Mutumin da ke da raunin da ba shi da nauyi gabaɗaya yana yin tafiya ta “swing-to”: ɗaga ƙafar da abin ya shafa, mai amfani ya sanya ƙugiya biyu a gaban kansa, sa'an nan kuma ya jujjuya ƙafarsa marar rauni don saduwa da ƙugiya. Irin wannan tafiya ta "juyawa-ta" ita ce lokacin da kafafu biyu suka ci gaba a gaban kullun maimakon gefen su.
Matakan hawa.
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Lokacin hawan matakala, ƙafar da ba ta shafa ba ta fara ci gaba, sa'an nan kuma ƙafar da aka shafa da ƙugiya sun ci gaba. Lokacin da ake saukowa daga matakan, ƙugiya suna ci gaba da farko sannan kuma ƙafar da aka shafa da ƙafar da ba ta shafa ba. [3]
Madadin na'urori.
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Motar ƙwanƙwasa da keken guragu abu ne mai yuwuwa madadin marasa lafiya waɗanda ba za su iya amfani da su ba ko kuma ba sa son sanduna. Waɗannan na'urori masu ƙafafu suna gabatar da ƙarin iyakancewa, duk da haka, tun da yawancin ba za su iya yin shawarwarin matakan hawa ba.
Kayayyaki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Fairley, Miki (April 2008). "Innovative Crutch Designs: More Gain, Much Less Pain". The O&P Edge.
- ↑ Vyse, Stuart (8 May 2019). "In Praise Of The Crutch-Makers". Skeptical Inquirer. Retrieved 8 September 2019.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Taylor, C. R., Lillis, C., LeMone, P., Lynn, P. (2011) Fundamentals of nursing: The art and science of nursing care. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, page 1042-1043.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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- ↑ Walk Easy > Explore > Crutch Gaits. Retrieved on May 19, 2018.