Shaye-shaye
Shaye-shaye | |
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Description (en) ![]() | |
Iri |
alcohol abuse (en) ![]() ![]() substance use disorder (en) ![]() |
Specialty (en) ![]() |
psychiatry (en) ![]() ![]() ![]() narcology (en) ![]() |
Sanadi |
alcohol consumption (en) ![]() |
Effect (en) ![]() |
Marchiafava-Bignami disease (en) ![]() ![]() Gazawar zuciya |
Identifier (en) ![]() | |
ICD-10 | F10 |
ICD-9 | 303 |
OMIM | 103780 |
DiseasesDB | alcoholism |
MedlinePlus | 000944 |
eMedicine | 000944 |
MeSH | D000437 |

Shaye-shaye, wanda kuma aka sani da rashin amfani da barasa (AUD),[1] shine, gabadaya, duk wani shan barasa wanda ke haifar da matsalolin tunani ko na jiki.[2][3][4] A baya an raba cutar zuwa nau'i biyu: shan barasa da kuma barasa.[3][5] A cikin yanayin likita, an ce shaye-shaye yana wanzuwa lokacin da abubuwa biyu ko fiye da haka sun kasance: mutum yana shan barasa mai yawa na tsawon lokaci, yana da wahalar yankewa, samun da shan barasa yana daukar lokaci mai yawa. , Barasa yana da karfi sosai, sakamakon amfani da rashin cika nauyin nauyi, sakamakon amfani da shi a cikin matsalolin zamantakewa, sakamakon amfani da matsalolin kiwon lafiya, sakamakon amfani da shi a cikin yanayi mai hadari, janyewa yana faruwa a lokacin tsayawa, kuma hakurin barasa ya faru tare da amfani.[3] Yin amfani da barasa na iya shafar dukkan sassan jiki, amma yana shafar kwakwalwa, zuciya, hanta, pancreas da tsarin rigakafi.[4][6] Shaye-shaye na iya haifar da tabin hankali, delirium tremens, ciwo na Wernicke-Korsakoff, bugun zuciya na yau da kullun, rashin amsawar rigakafi, hanta cirrhosis da hadaka hadarin kansa.[4][6][7] Sha a lokacin daukar ciki na iya haifar da rashin lafiyar barasa na tayin.[8] Gabadaya mata sun fi maza kula da illolin barasa, da farko saboda karancin nauyin jikinsu, karancin ƙarfin sarrafa barasa, da yawan kitsen jiki.[9]
Abubuwan muhalli da kwayoyin halitta abubuwa biyu ne da ke da alaqa da shaye-shaye, tare da kusan rabin hadarin da aka danganta ga kowane.[4] Wanda ke da iyaye ko dan'uwa mai shaye-shaye ya fi sau uku zuwa hudu damar zama mashawarcin da kansa.[4] Abubuwan muhalli sun hada da tasirin zamantakewa, al'adu da halaye.[10] Babban matakan damuwa da damuwa, da kuma farashin barasa mara tsada da sauki mai sauki, yana ƙara haɗarin.[4][11] Mutane na iya ci gaba da sha don hana ko inganta alamun janyewar.[4] Bayan mutum ya daina shan barasa, za su iya samun ƙarancin janyewar da zai yi na tsawon watanni.[4] A likitance, ana daukar shaye-shaye duka cuta ce ta jiki da ta kwakwalwa.[12][13] Tambayoyi da wasu gwaje-gwajen jini na iya gano yiwuwar shan giya.[4][14] Sannan ana tattara ƙarin bayani don tabbatar da ganewar asali.[4]
Ana iya kokarin rigakafin shaye-shaye ta hanyar tsarawa da iyakance siyar da barasa, sanya harajin barasa don kara farashinsa, da ba da magani mara tsada.[15] Maganin shaye-shaye na iya ɗaukar nau'i da yawa.[16] Saboda matsalolin likita da zasu iya faruwa a lokacin janyewa, ya kamata a kula da tsabtace barasa a hankali.[16] Wata hanyar gama gari ta haɗa da amfani da magungunan benzodiazepine, kamar diazepam.[16] Ana iya ba da waɗannan ko dai yayin shigar da su a cibiyar kiwon lafiya ko kuma wani lokaci yayin da mutum ya kasance a cikin al'umma tare da kulawa sosai.[16] Ciwon hauka ko wasu abubuwan maye na iya dagula magani.[17] Bayan cirewa, ana amfani da magungunan rukuni ko ƙungiyoyin tallafi don taimakawa mutum ya dawo shan giya.[18][19] Wani nau'i na tallafi da aka saba amfani dashi shine ƙungiyar Alcoholics Anonymous.[20] Hakanan ana iya amfani da magungunan acamprosate, disulfiram ko naltrexone don taimakawa hana ci gaba da sha.[21]
Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta yi kiyasin cewa ya zuwa shekarar 2010, akwai mutane miliyan 208 da ke da shaye-shaye a duk duniya (kashi 4.1 na yawan mutanen da suka haura shekaru 15).[9][22] Ya zuwa shekarar 2015 a Amurka, kusan miliyan 17 (7%) na manya da miliyan 0.7 (2.8%) na masu shekaru 12 zuwa 17 ne abin ya shafa.[23] Shaye-shaye ya fi zama ruwan dare a tsakanin maza da matasa, kuma ba a cika samunsa ba a tsakiyar da tsufa.[4] A geographically, ba shi da yawa a Afirka (1.1% na yawan jama'a) kuma yana da mafi girman kimar a Gabashin Turai (11%).[4] Shaye-shaye ya haifar da mutuwar 139,000 kai tsaye a cikin shekarar 2013, sama da 112,000 da suka mutu a 1990.[24] An yi imanin cewa jimlar mutuwar miliyan 3.3 (5.9% na duk mace-mace) ta kasance ta hanyar barasa.[23] Shaye-shaye na rage tsawon rayuwar mutum da kusan shekaru goma.[25] An yi amfani da kalmomin da yawa, wasu na zagi wasu kuma na yau da kullun, an yi amfani da su don yin nuni ga mutanen da shaye-shaye ya shafa; maganganun sun hada da tippler, mashaya, dipsomaniac da souse.[26] A shekara ta 1979, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta hana amfani da "shaye-shaye" saboda rashin ma'anarsa, ta fifita "ciwon dogara ga barasa".[27]
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ "Alcoholism MeSH Descriptor Data 2020". meshb.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
- ↑ Littrell, Jill (2014). Understanding and Treating Alcoholism Volume I: An Empirically Based Clinician's Handbook for the Treatment of Alcoholism: Volume Ii: Biological, Psychological, and Social Aspects of Alcohol Consumption and Abuse. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. p. 55. ISBN 978-1-317-78314-5. Archived from the original on 20 July 2017.
The World Health Organization defines alcoholism as any drinking which results in problems
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Alcohol Use Disorder: A Comparison Between DSM–IV and DSM–5". November 2013. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 Association, American Psychiatric (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 (5 ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. pp. 490–97. ISBN 978-0-89042-554-1.
- ↑ Hasin, Deborah (December 2003). "Classification of Alcohol Use Disorders". Alcohol Research & Health : The Journal of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. 27 (1): 5–17. PMC 6676702. PMID 15301396. Archived from the original on 18 March 2015. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Alcohol's Effects on the Body". 14 September 2011. Archived from the original on 3 June 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
- ↑ Romeo, Javier; Wärnberg, Julia; Nova, Esther; Díaz, Ligia E.; Gómez-Martinez, Sonia; Marcos, Ascensión (October 2007). "Moderate alcohol consumption and the immune system: a review". The British Journal of Nutrition. 98 Suppl 1: S111–115. doi:10.1017/S0007114507838049. ISSN 0007-1145. PMID 17922947.
- ↑ "Fetal Alcohol Exposure". 14 September 2011. Archived from the original on 4 April 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Global status report on alcohol and health 2014 (PDF). World Health Organization. 2014. pp. 8, 51. ISBN 978-92-4-069276-3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 April 2015.
- ↑ Agarwal-Kozlowski, K; Agarwal, DP (April 2000). "[Genetic predisposition for alcoholism]". Ther Umsch. 57 (4): 179–84. doi:10.1024/0040-5930.57.4.179. PMID 10804873.
- ↑ Moonat, S; Pandey, SC (2012). "Stress, epigenetics, and alcoholism". Alcohol Research : Current Reviews. 34 (4): 495–505. PMC 3860391. PMID 23584115.
- ↑ Mersy, DJ (1 April 2003). "Recognition of alcohol and substance abuse". American Family Physician. 67 (7): 1529–32. PMID 12722853.
- ↑ "Health and Ethics Policies of the AMA House of Delegates" (PDF). June 2008. p. 33. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 March 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
H-30.997 Dual Disease Classification of Alcoholism: The AMA reaffirms its policy endorsing the dual classification of alcoholism under both the psychiatric and medical sections of the International Classification of Diseases. (Res. 22, I-79; Reaffirmed: CLRPD Rep. B, I-89; Reaffirmed: CLRPD Rep. B, I-90; Reaffirmed by CSA Rep. 14, A-97; Reaffirmed: CSAPH Rep. 3, A-07)
- ↑ Higgins-Biddle, John C.; Babor, Thomas F. (2018). "A Review of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), AUDIT-C, and USAUDIT for Screening in the United States: Past Issues and Future Directions". The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 44 (6): 578–586. doi:10.1080/00952990.2018.1456545. ISSN 0095-2990. PMC 6217805. PMID 29723083.
- ↑ World Health Organization (January 2015). "Alcohol". Archived from the original on 23 May 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 Blondell, RD (February 2005). "Ambulatory detoxification of patients with alcohol dependence". Am Fam Physician. 71 (3): 495–502. PMID 15712624.
- ↑ DeVido, JJ; Weiss, RD (December 2012). "Treatment of the depressed alcoholic patient". Current Psychiatry Reports. 14 (6): 610–08. doi:10.1007/s11920-012-0314-7. PMC 3712746. PMID 22907336.
- ↑ Morgan-Lopez, AA; Fals-Stewart, W (May 2006). "Analytic complexities associated with group therapy in substance abuse treatment research: problems, recommendations, and future directions". Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 14 (2): 265–73. doi:10.1037/1064-1297.14.2.265. PMC 4631029. PMID 16756430.
- ↑ Albanese, AP (November 2012). "Management of alcohol abuse". Clinics in Liver Disease. 16 (4): 737–62. doi:10.1016/j.cld.2012.08.006. PMID 23101980.
- ↑ Tusa, AL; Burgholzer, JA (2013). "Came to believe: spirituality as a mechanism of change in alcoholics anonymous: a review of the literature from 1992 to 2012". Journal of Addictions Nursing. 24 (4): 237–46. doi:10.1097/jan.0000000000000003. PMID 24335771.
- ↑ Testino, G; Leone, S; Borro, P (December 2014). "Treatment of alcohol dependence: recent progress and reduction of consumption". Minerva Medica. 105 (6): 447–66. PMID 25392958.
- ↑ "Global Population Estimates by Age, 1950–2050". 30 January 2014. Archived from the original on 10 May 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Alcohol Facts and Statistics". Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
- ↑ GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators (17 December 2014). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–71. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442.
- ↑ Schuckit, MA (27 November 2014). "Recognition and management of withdrawal delirium (delirium tremens)". The New England Journal of Medicine. 371 (22): 2109–13. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1407298. PMID 25427113.
- ↑ Chambers English Thesaurus. Allied Publishers. p. 175. ISBN 978-81-86062-04-3.
- ↑ WHO. "Lexicon of alcohol and drug terms published by the World Health Organization". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 5 February 2013.