Tarin abubuwan dake haifar da gurbacewar iska daga AP 42

Tarin abubuwan dake haifar da gurbacewar iska daga AP 42

Tushen gurbacewar iska

Tarin abubuwan da ke haifar da gurɓacewar iska daga AP 42 tarin bayanai ne na Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA) game da gurbatar iska, wanda aka fara bugawa a shekarata 1968. As of 2018 , bugu na ƙarshe shine na 5th daga 2010.

Tarihi

AP 42 Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors shine tarin abubuwan da ke fitar da gurbacewar iska, a wasu kalmomin lambobi waɗanda ke da alaƙa da adadin gurɓataccen abu da aka fitar a cikin sararin samaniya tare da wani aiki. Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Amurka ce ta fara tattara wannan tarin kuma ta buga shi a cikin shekarar 1968. A cikin shekarar 1972, an sake dubawa kuma an fitar da shi azaman bugu na biyu ta Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka EPA. A cikin shekarar 1985, bugu na huɗu na gaba ya kasu kashi biyu: Juzu'i na tun daga lokacin ya haɗa da ma'ana mai tsayayye da abubuwan fitar da tushen yanki, kuma juzu'i na II ya haɗa da abubuwan fitar da tushen wayar hannu . Juzu'i na I a halin yanzu yana cikin bugu na biyar kuma ana samunsa akan Intanet. Ba a ci gaba da jujjuya juzu'i na II kamar haka, to amma ana samun samfuran tarwatsewar iska ta hanya don ƙididdige hayaki daga ababan hawa da na ababan hawa da kayan aikin hannu akan yanar gizo.

A cikin amfani na yau da kullun na yau da kullun, Juzu'i na I na haɗar abubuwan da ake fitarwa ana kiransu da AP 42 kawai.

Abun ciki

Abubuwan da ke fitar da gurɓataccen iska yawanci ana bayyana su azaman nauyin gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu da nauyin raka'a, girma, nisa, ko tsawon lokacin aikin da ke fitar da gurɓataccen abu (misali, kilogiram na ɓarna da ke fitowa a kowace megagram na kwal da aka ƙone). Abubuwan da ke taimakawa wajen kimanta hayaki daga wurare daban-daban na gurɓataccen iska. Sannan A mafi yawan lokuta, abubuwan sune kawai matsakaicin duk bayanan da ake samu na inganci karɓuwa, kuma gabaɗaya ana ɗauka su zama wakilcin matsakaicin dogon lokaci.

Ma'auni don ƙididdige fitar da hayaki kafin a yi amfani da matakan rage hayaƙi shine:

E = A × EF

kuma don fitar da hayaki bayan raguwa ana amfani da su:

E = A × EF × (1-ER/100)

inda:
E	= fitar da hayaki, a cikin raka'a na gurɓataccen abu a kowace raka'a na lokaci
A	= ƙimar aiki, a cikin raka'a na nauyi, ƙara, nisa, ko tsawon lokaci kowace naúrar lokaci
EF	= ma'aunin fitarwa, a cikin raka'a na gurɓataccen abu a kowace naúrar nauyi, ƙara, nisa, ko tsawon lokaci
ER	= ingantaccen rage yawan fitar da iska, a cikin %

Ana amfani da abubuwan da ke haifar da fitar da iska ta hanyar ƙirar yanayi da sauran su don tantance adadin gurɓataccen iska da ake fitarwa daga tushe a cikin wuraren masana'antu.  

Babi

Babi na 1	Tushen Konewa na Waje
Babi na 2	Zubar da Sharar Datti
Babi na 3	Tushen Konewar Cikin Gida
Babi na 4	Tushen Asarar Haɓaka
Babi na 5	Masana'antar Man Fetur
Babi na 6	Masana'antu Tsarin Sinadarai Na Halitta
Babi na 7	Tankunan Ma'ajiyar Ruwa
Babi na 8	Inorganic Chemical Industry
Babi na 9	Masana'antun Abinci da Noma
Babi na 10	Masana'antar Kayan itace
Babi na 11	Masana'antar Kayayyakin Ma'adinai
Babi na 12	Masana'antar Karfe
Babi na 13	Sources Daban-daban
Babi na 14	Greenhouse Gas Biogenic Sources
Babi na 15	Fashewar Makamai
Karin bayani A	Daban-daban Bayanai & Abubuwan Juya
Shafi B.1 </br>	Bayanan Rarraba Girman Barbashi da Girman Abubuwan Fitarwa </br>   don Zaɓaɓɓun Sources
Shafi B.2	Rarraba Girman Barbashi Gabaɗaya
Shafi C.1	Hanyoyi don Samfurin Samfurin Sama/Load ɗin Ƙura
Shafi C.2 </br>	Hanyoyi don Binciken Laboratory na Surface/Ƙura mai girma </br>   Ana Loda Samfurori

Babi na 5, sashe na 5.1 ''Tsatar da Man Fetur'' ya tattauna ne game da fitar da gurɓataccen iska daga na'urori a sassa daban-daban na sarrafa matatun da kuma na'urorin sarrafa tururi da tanderu da injuna, Kuma sannan Table 5.1.1 ta haɗa da abubuwan da suka dace. Tebu 5.1.2 ya haɗa da abubuwan da ke fitar da iskar da ke gudu daga manyan hasumiya masu sanyaya jika a cikin matatun mai da na masu raba mai/ruwa da ake amfani da su wajen magance ruwan sharar matatar.

A fugitive iska gurbatawa watsi dalilai daga taimako bawuloli, bututu bawuloli, bude-ƙare da bututu Lines ko magudanun ruwa, piping flanges, samfurin sadarwa, da kuma like a kan famfo da kwampreso shafts an tattauna kuma sun hada da rahoton EPA-458 / R-95-017, "Protocol for Equipment Leak Emission Emission" wanda aka haɗa a cikin sashe na 5 na AP 42. Wannan rahoton ya haɗa da abubuwan fitar da hayaki da EPA ta haɓaka don matatun mai da kuma masana'antar sinadarai ta roba (SOCMI).

A mafi yawan lokuta, abubuwan da ke cikin babi na biyar 5 an haɗa su don yanayin da ba a kula da su ba kafin a aiwatar da tsarin rage fitar da iska da yanayin sarrafawa bayan an aiwatar da ƙayyadaddun hanyoyin rage fitar da iska.

Babi na bakwai 7 "Tsarin Ma'ajiyar Ruwa" an sadaukar da shi ga hanyoyin ƙididdige asarar da aka fitar daga ƙirar tanki guda shida da aka yi amfani da su don ajiyar ruwa na Organic: kafaffen rufin (a tsaye da a kwance), rufin iyo na waje, domed waje (ko an rufe) rufin iyo, rufin ciki mai iyo, sannan sararin tururi mai canzawa, da matsa lamba (ƙananan da babba). Cibiyar Man Fetur ta Amurka tare da haɗin gwiwar EPA ne suka samar da tsarin a Babi na 7.

Hukumar EPA ta samar da wata manhaja mai suna "TANKS" wacce ke aiwatar da dabarar babi na 7 don kididdige asarar hayaki daga tankunan ajiya. Fayil ɗin mai saka shirin tare da jagorar mai amfani, da lambar tushe ana samun su akan Intanet.

Babi na 5 da 7 da aka tattauna a sama suna kwatanta irin bayanan da ke cikin sauran surori na AP 42. Kuma Yawancin abubuwan da ke haifar da fitar da hayaki a Babi na 5 da tsarin lissafin hayaƙi a Babi na 7 da shirin TANKS su ma sun shafi sauran nau'ikan masana'antu da yawa ban da masana'antar mai.

Sauran hanyoyin abubuwan fitar da hayaki

• Littafin Jagorar Kayayyakin Gurbacewar iska ta Duniya (GAP), Cibiyar Muhalli ta Stockholm, Sigar 1.7, Oktoba 2010 sei-international.org.
• An adana bayanan abubuwan da ke fitar da hayaki na United Kingdom 2010. Inventory Inventory na Ƙasar Yanayi na Ƙasar Ingila
• Littafin Jagorar Kayayyakin Kaya . EMEP/Hukumar Muhalli ta Turai 2007 Guidebook, an sabunta ta 2016
• Abubuwan da ake fitarwa IPCC Database 2006, IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Revised 1996 .
• Fitowar hayaki mai gudu daga ethylene da sauran tsire-tsire masu sinadarai harc.edu 2002.
• Hannun Hanyoyi na Ƙimar Ƙimar fitar da hayaki (nau'i 94) Ƙididdiga Masu Guba na Ƙasar Australiya, 2006.
• Hanyoyin Inventory Gas na Kanada Greenhouse . Rahoton Inventory Inventory 2016 Air Pollutant Emission Report: shafi 2 - Haɓaka ƙididdiga: Sashe na 1 Shirin Kula da Gurɓacewar iska na Ƙasa, (Kanada) 2018-05-29, an dawo da shi 2018-07-13
• Sangea - Greenhouse Gas Emission Kimar Software Cibiyar Man Fetur ta Amurka, 2012 ta Trinity Consultants/T3.
• Hanyoyin Kiyasta Iskar Gas na Greenhouse Haɓaka Ma'adinai Na Kanada, 2000, Cibiyar Pembina, da Stratos Inc.
• Laburare Factor Factor Pollutant Iska Archived 2019-06-29 at the Wayback Machine Finnish muhalli Cibiyar, dawo da 2018-07-13. (ya haɗa da bayani daga EMEP/EEA Guidebook na 2016)

Duba wasu abubuwan

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