Tsare mafakar Christopher Smart

Tsare mafakar Christopher Smart

Iri	imprisonment (en) aukuwa
Kwanan watan	Mayu 1757 –  ga Janairu, 1763
Wuri	St Luke's Hospital for Lunatics (en)
Participant (en)	Christopher Smart (en)

Mawaƙin Ingilishi Christopher Smart (1722-1771) an tsare shi a mafakar tunani daga Mayu 1757 har zuwa Janairu 1763. An shigar da Smart a Asibitin St Luke na Lunatics, Upper Moorfields, London, a ranar 6 ga Mayu 1757. Surukinsa, John Newbery ne ya kai shi can, ko da yake ana iya tsare shi a gidan mahaukata mai zaman kansa kafin lokacin. Duk da yake a cikin St Luka ya rubuta Jubilate Agno da A Song to David, waƙoƙin da aka ɗauka a matsayin manyan ayyukansa. Duk da cewa da yawa daga cikin mutanen zamaninsa sun yarda cewa Smart ya kasance “mahaukaci ne”, bayanan halin da yake ciki sun bambanta, wasu kuma suna ganin an yi masa rashin adalci.

An gano Smart a matsayin "marasa warkewa" yayin da yake St Luke's, kuma lokacin da suka ƙare da kuɗaɗe don kulawa da shi an kai shi mafakar Mista Potter, Bethnal Green. Abin da aka sani na shekarun da ya yi a tsare shi ne ya rubuta wakoki. Keɓewar Smart ta sa shi ya watsar da nau'ikan waƙoƙi na ƙarni na 18 waɗanda suka yi alama a farkon aikinsa da kuma rubuta waƙoƙin addini kamar Jubilate Agno ("Ku yi murna da Ɗan Rago"). Waƙarsa ta mafaka tana nuna sha'awar "bayyanai marar tsaka-tsaki", kuma yana yiwuwa kimantawar kai da aka samu a cikin waƙarsa tana wakiltar furci na Kiristanci na bishara .

Fage

Smart ya kasance a tsare a mafaka a lokacin muhawara game da yanayin hauka da maganinta. A cikin karni na 18, an yi hauka "duka biyu don bayyana gaskiya ta ciki kuma an yanke hukuncin yin shuru da ware a matsayin wani abu da ba a iya fahimta ta hanyar hankali, don haka yana barazana ga al'umma da kuma bil'adama". An yi imani da shi a matsayin yanayin da ba za a iya warkewa ba, kuma duk wanda ke da shi ya kamata a ware shi daga al'umma. Likita William Battie -wanda daga baya yayi jinyar Smart-ya rubuta:

Musamman ma, Battie ya ayyana hauka a matsayin "haushin tunani". Duk da haka, wasu likitoci sun soki shi, irin su John Monro, wanda ke aiki a asibitin Bethlem . A cikin jawabinsa na Dokta Battie game da hauka, Monro ya bayyana cewa wadanda suka yi hauka suna da ra'ayi daidai, amma ba su da ikon yin hukunci da kyau. Ko da yake Monro ya inganta ra'ayoyin sake fasalin, shawarar da ya ba da shawarar - dukan marasa lafiya - ya kasance mai tsanani ga marasa lafiya kamar yadda Battie ya fi so, na ware marasa lafiya gaba daya daga cikin al'umma.

A shekara ta 1758, Battie da wasu sun yi iƙirarin cewa waɗanda ake ganin "mahaukata" ana cin zarafi a ƙarƙashin tsarin mafaka na Birtaniyya, kuma sun matsa kaimi ga matakin majalisar. Batie's Treatise on Hauka ya jaddada matsalolin kula da asibitoci a matsayin wuraren yawon bude ido da kuma matakan ladabtarwa da ake dauka kan marasa lafiya. Hujjojin Battie da sauransu sun haifar da ƙaddamar da Dokar Kula da Madhouses masu zaman kansu (1774), amma sun yi latti don taimakawa Smart.

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

• Print of St Luke's exterior, 1831
• Print of the interior, 1809
• Song to David
• Jubilate Agno HTML edition by Ray Davis.
• Frank Key. "Christopher Smart's Jubilate Agno". Public Domain Review.