Yaƙin 'yan mata
 Yaƙin 'yan mata |
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Yakin 'yan mata shine sunan da aka ba wa fada a bakin rairayin bakin teku a Russell, New Zealand, wanda aka fi sani da Kororāreka, a watan Maris na shekara ta 1830 tsakanin arewa da kudancin hapū (ƙabilar) a cikin Ngāpuhi iwi (ƙabili).
Dalilin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An sanya wa Yakin 'yan mata suna saboda ya fara ne da zagi da la'ana tsakanin matasa, manyan mata Māori, abokan hamayya don ƙaunar Kyaftin William Darby Brind . [1] [2][3] Te Urumihia, matar Kiwikiwi ta Ngati Manu hapū kuma shugaban Kororāreka, wanda 'yarsa ta shiga cikin lamarin, ta la'anta matan Brind. Wadannan sun hada da Pehi 'yar Hongi Hika da Moewaka, 'yar Rewa, shugaban Ngai Tawake hapū, na Kerikeri.[2] Musayar zagi da la'ana ya karu zuwa fada tsakanin mayaƙa, kamar yadda Māori suka yi imani, kamar yadda Carlton ya bayyana, "cewa kowane mutum na kabilar dole ne a goyi bayan shi, daidai ko ba daidai ba, game da laifi".
Yaƙi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A mayar da martani ga la'anar, Ururoa (wanda aka fi sani da Rewharewha), shugaban Whangaroa kuma surukin marigayi Hongi Hika, ya jagoranci mayaƙa su kai hari ga lambunan kūmara na Ngati Manu a ranar 5 ga Maris ɗin shekarar 1830. Ururoa ya sami goyon baya daga wasu shugabannin daga arewacin hapū daban-daban a cikin Ngāpuhi, gami da Tītore da Hone Heke.[4] Sojojin Kiwikiwi, Te Morunga da Pōmare II (wanda ake kira Whiria, wanda ake kira Whetoi, dan uwan Pōmare I) sun kare Kororāreka.[5]
Tohitapu, wani Tohunga, ya nemi taimakon mishaneri na CMS don yin sulhu tsakanin mayakan.[6] Reverends Henry Williams, William Williams da sauran masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje sun zo kan bay daga Paihia don ƙoƙarin yin sulhu da kawo ƙarshen yaƙi. Kokarin sulhu ya bayyana yana da kyau tare da masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje da suka yi imanin cewa shugabannin za su yarda da cewa kwacewar lambunan kūmara a Korarareka zai isa ya zama gamsuwa da zagi na baya. Koyaya, a safiyar ranar 6 ga watan Maris, an harbe bindiga ta hanyar haɗari, ta ji wa wata mace rauni a jam'iyyar Ururoa. Yaƙin ya fara wanda Hengi, wani shugaban Whangaroa, ya yi ƙoƙari ya dakatar da shi; duk da haka an harbe shi kuma an kashe shi, mutuwarsa tana da sakamako a cikin watanni da shekaru masu zuwa.[7] Kimanin mayaƙa 1,400 sun shiga cikin yaƙin, tare da kusan 100 da aka kashe.[8]
Sakamakon
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Daga ƙarshe Henry Williams ya shawo kan mayaƙan su dakatar da faɗa. Reverend Samuel Marsden ya isa ziyara kuma a cikin makonni masu zuwa shi da Henry Williams sun yi ƙoƙari su tattauna yarjejeniyar da Pōmare II zai ba da Kororāreka a matsayin diyya ga mutuwar Hengi, wanda waɗanda ke cikin fada suka yarda da shi.[4] Koyaya, aikin neman fansa ya wuce ga Mango da Kakaha, 'ya'yan Hengi; sun ɗauki ra'ayi cewa ya kamata a amince da mutuwar mahaifinsu ta hanyar muru, ko neman diyya, a kan kabilun da ke kudu.[10] Ya kasance a cikin al'adun Māori don gudanar da muru a kan kabilun da ba su da hannu a cikin abubuwan da suka haifar da mutuwar wani muhimmin shugaba...[7]
Mango da Kakaha ba su fara muru ba har zuwa Janairu 1832. Tītore ya jagoranci balaguron. Revd. Henry Willams ya bi mayaƙan, ba tare da ya yi imani da cewa zai iya kawo ƙarshen yaƙi ba, amma tare da niyyar ci gaba da shawo kan mayakan game da koyarwar Kirista game da zaman lafiya da alheri. Jaridar Henry Williams ta ba da cikakken bayani game da wannan balaguron, wanda za'a iya bayyana shi a matsayin abin da ya faru a cikin abin da ake kira Musket Wars .[9] Sojojin Ngāpuhi sun ci nasara a yaƙe-yaƙe a Tsibirin Mercury da Tauranga, tare da muru ya ci gaba har zuwa ƙarshen Yuli 1832.[10]
Yaƙin bai ƙare ba, kamar yadda a watan Fabrairun shekarar 1833 Tītore ya jagoranci ƙungiyar Te Rarawa, abokan Ngāpuhi, daga Arewacin Cape zuwa Tauranga. Har ila yau Henry Williams ya bi balaguron a cikin ƙoƙari na kawo shi zuwa ƙarshe na zaman lafiya.
Duk da yake Yakin 'yan mata ya bayyana yakin da aka yi a Kororāreka a watan Maris na shekara ta 1830, sakamakonsa ya faru a cikin shekaru masu zuwa tare da tafiye-tafiye da Ngāpuhi ya gudanar da Te Arawa a Tauranga.
A cikin shekarar 1837 Pōmare II ya yi yaƙi na watanni uku tare da Tītore a Bay of Islands . Hōne Heke ya yi yaƙi da Tītore a kan Pōmare II. [5][4] Wani muhimmin dalilin ya sa aka yi yaƙi shi ne jayayya game da layin iyaka na Kororāreka wanda aka mika shi sakamakon mutuwar Hengi kimanin shekaru bakwai da suka gabata a cikin Yakin 'Yan Mata.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Chisholm, Jocelyn (1 Sep 2010). "Brind, William Darby - Biography". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 12 Dec 2011.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ballara, Angela (1 Sep 2010). "Pomare II - Biography". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 12 December 2011.
- ↑ Keene, Florence. "Bay of Islands - The Girls' War". To This Is The Place. Archived from the original on 21 December 2012. Retrieved 12 Dec 2011.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Rankin, Freda (1 Sep 2010). "Heke Pokai, Hone Wiremu". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 17 September 2011. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "tearaHPHW" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 5.0 5.1 Ballara, Angela (30 October 2012). "Pomare II". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 4 March 2014. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Pom2" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "The Missionary Register". Early New Zealand Books (ENZB), University of Auckland Library. 1813. pp. 56–60. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedCARv1p1 - ↑ Foster, Bernard John (22 April 2009). "KORORAREKA". Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 12 Dec 2011.
- ↑ Rogers, Lawrence M. (editor)(1961) - The Early Journals of Henry Williams 1826 to 1840. Christchurch : Pegasus Press. online available at New Zealand Electronic Text Centre (NZETC)
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedCARv1p2
Ƙarin kayan aiki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Carleton, Hugh (1874) - Rayuwar Henry Williams, Archdeacon na Waimate, Volume I. Auckland NZ. Ana samunsa a kan layi daga Littattafan New Zealand na Farko (ENZB).
- (2009) - Brind Of The Bay Of Islands: Wasu Karatu da Bayani na Shekaru talatin A Rayuwar Kyaftin Whaling, (Paperback)
- (2011) - Te Wiremu - Henry Williams: Shekaru na Farko a Arewa, Huia Publishers, New Zealand
- (2004) - Wasiƙu daga Bay of Islands, Sutton Publishing Limited, United Kingdom; (Hardcover). Littattafan Penguin, New Zealand, (Paperback)
- (1961) - Jaridu na Farko na Henry Williams 1826 zuwa 1840. Christchurch: Pegasus Press. Ana samunsa a kan layi a Cibiyar Rubuce-rubucen Lantarki ta New Zealand (NZETC) (2011-06-27)
- Smith, S. Percy (1910) - Maori Wars of the Nineteenth Century, ana samun sa a kan layi a NZETC