Yaren Abellen
| Yaren Abellen | |
|---|---|
'Yan asalin magana | 3,000 |
| |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
abp |
| Glottolog |
aben1249[1] |
Abellen, Abelen, Aburlin, ko Ayta Abellen, harshen Sambalic ne . Tana da kusan masu magana 3,500 kuma ana magana da ita a cikin ƴan al'ummomin Aeta a lardin Tarlac, Philippines . [2] Ita kanta Ayta Abellen wani yanki ne na dangin harshen Sambalic a Philippines kuma yana da alaƙa da ba kawai sauran yarukan Ayta guda biyar ba har ma da yaren Botolan na Sambal. Ethnologue ya ruwaito 45 masana harshe daya .
Rarraba yanki[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ana iya samun masu magana da Abellen Ayta a wurare masu zuwa:
- Maamot, San Jose, Lardin Tarlac [3]
- Santa Juliana, Mayantoc, Lardin Tarlac [3]
- Capas, Lardin Tarlac [3]
- Sitio Loob-Bunga, Barangay Poon Bato, Botolan, Zambales
Tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Tarihin farko[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Mutanen Ayta Abellen a tarihi mutane ne masu kishin addini. Har ila yau, an san su da Negritos, an ce su zuriyar farkon mazaunan Philippines ne, tun daga marigayi Pleistocene Era. [4] Ana iya bambanta Ayta Abellen ta hanyar baƙar gashi mai lanƙwasa, da launin fata mai duhu idan aka kwatanta da sauran Filipinas. [5] Tun da harshensu yana kama da sauran harsunan Australiya, akwai ka'idar ƙaura ta Australiya da ta faru. A cikin wannan ka'idar, akwai ƙaura daban-daban guda biyu, ɗaya daga kudancin bakin tekun Sundaland zuwa gabas da kuma daga Wallacea zuwa Mindanao, wanda ya haifar da rabuwar mutanen Ayta da Mamanwa na kimanin shekaru 20,000 zuwa 30,000. Kafin hijirar Australiya, babu kamance sosai tsakanin ainihin harsunan Negritos. [4]
Tarihin zamani da farfaɗowa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Bayan fashewar dutsen Pinatubo a cikin shekarun 1990, wasu daga cikin Ayta Abellen sun ƙaura daga tsaunuka kuma sun yi aure tare da cuɗanya da mutanen Ilocano na yankin. [6] Sakamakon haka, akwai kalmomin lamuni na Ilocano a cikin harshen. [5] Yawancin jama'a kuma suna magana da Ilocano a matsayin yare na biyu tare da Tagalog kuma. Mutanen Ayta sun dogara da albarkatun kasa; duk da haka, saboda raguwar dazuzzukan, ya zama da wahala a kiyaye wannan salon rayuwa. Wannan matsala, tare da cututtuka da nisa daga cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na zamani, yana da alaƙa da yawan mace-mace idan aka kwatanta da yawan haihuwa a tsakanin mutanen Ayta Abellen. [7]
Fassarar sauti[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
| M | mara murya | p | t | k | ʔ | |
| murya | b | d | ɡ | |||
| Ƙarfafawa | h | |||||
| Na gefe | l | |||||
| Semi wasali | w | j | ||||
| Gaba | Baya | |
|---|---|---|
| Kusa | i | o |
| Bude | a | ə |
| Wayoyi | Alamun Orthographic |
|---|---|
| /p/ | P |
| /b/ | B |
| /t/ | T |
| /d/ | D |
| /k/ | K |
| /g/ | G |
| /ʔ/ | - |
| /h/ | H |
| /m/ | M |
| /n/ | N |
| /ŋ/ | Ng |
| /l/ | L |
| /w/ | W |
| /j/ | Y |
| /i/ | I |
| /a/ | A |
| /a/ | Ā |
| /"/ | E |
| /o/ | O |
Bugu da ƙari, s, r, c (na [k]), j, a tsakanin sauran wayoyi, ana amfani da su a cikin kalmomin lamuni da sunaye. [5] A cikin yarukan Sambal da Ayta, tsayawar glottal yana ƙoƙarin maye gurbin kalma ta ƙarshe wacce ba ta cika cikawa ba lokacin da babban wasalin tsakiya mai ƙarfi ya ci gaba.
Nahawu[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ayta Abellen tana da tsarin jumla iri ɗaya - jigo - tsarin jumla kamar sauran harsuna a cikin Philippines. [5] Yana raba irin wannan lamuni tare da sauran yarukan Ayta da kuma Botolan Sambal. Ba wai kawai yana raba tsarin suna iri ɗaya tare da wasu harsunan Sambalic ba, amma tsakanin sauran yarukan Ayta, yana da kusan kashi 70% kamanceceniya. [8] Wannan yare CV ne (bak'i da wasali) da yaren CVC, ko da yake wani lokacin yaren VC da V ne. A cikin wannan yare, shafe wasali da kuma goge baki suna bayyana lokacin da aka haɗa kalmomi. [5] A cikin wannan harshe, sanya damuwa na iya zama marar tabbas. Kalmomin poly-syllabic suna da danniya na farko yayin da kalmomin da suke da fiye da saura uku sun ƙunshi damuwa na biyu. Duk da haka, suffixation kuma yana haifar da sauyi a cikin sanya damuwa. [5]
Tsarin rubutu[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An rubuta Ayta Abellen ta amfani da rubutun Latin. [9] Ilocano shine yare na biyu ga yawancin Abellen da yaren yare inda yawancin mutanen Abellen suke zama, yayin da Tagalog shine yaren ƙasa na Philippines. Masu fassara suna ƙoƙarin rubuta harshe a cikin rubutu wanda yayi kama da Ilocano da Tagalog. Yawancin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin da aka yi amfani da su a yankin an rubuta su a cikin Botolan Sambal, don haka su ma suna ƙoƙarin ganin Ayta Abellen ya dace da rubutun. [5]
Duba kuma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Harsunan Philippines
- Mutane da sunan Ata
- Mutanen Ilocan
- Harshen Ilocano
- Tagalog
- Philippines
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yaren Abellen". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Hammarstrom, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastion, eds. (2016). "Ayta Abellen"
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Abellen at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Reid, L. (1987). "The Early Switch Hypothesis: Linguistic Evidence for Contact between the Negritos and the Austronesians". Man and Culture in Oceania 3, Special Issue.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Nitsch, W. Stone, R. (2013) An Introduction to Ayta Abellen Morphology and Syntax. Retrieved from SIL Philippines.
- ↑ [1]Abellen at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- ↑ Curtis, B.(2011, November 15). Ayta Abellen.mov.[Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1akrbADrqi4
- ↑ Stone, R. (2008). The Sambalic Languages of Central Luzon. Studies in Philippine Languages and Cultures, Volume 19. Retrieved from https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/25795
- ↑ Stone, R. (2013). Ayta Abellen Orthography Fact Sheet.[Working Paper]. Retrieved from http://www.pnglanguages.org/asia/Philippines/show_work.asp?pubs=onlinehtml&id=928474551911&Lang=eng[permanent dead link]