Yaren Buwal

Yaren Buwal
Dangin harshen	Buwal;
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	bhs
Glottolog	buwa1243

Buwal, wanda aka fi sani da Ma Buwal, ko Bual, ko Gadala, harshe ne na Afro-Asiatic da ake magana da shi a Kamaru a lardin Arewa mai Nisa a Gadala da kewaye^[2]

Fassarar sauti

Labiodental flap /ⱱ/ yana da iyaka, yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin kalmomin Buwal guda biyu. Har ila yau, labial-velar plosives ba su da iyaka; musamman, /kp/ yana faruwa ne kawai a kalma ɗaya, wato akida kpaŋ.

Buwal yana da wasulan /ə a/, wanda zai iya faruwa a sama, tsakiya, ko ƙananan sautuna. Kowane wasali yana da nau'ikan fahimtar sauti iri-iri. /ə/ na iya faruwa kamar [i u ɪ ʏ ʊ], da /a/ na iya faruwa kamar [e o ɛ œ ɐ ɔ]. Ana iya nazarin schwa a matsayin wasali na epenthetic kawai. Waɗannan wasulan suna faruwa azaman allophone masu zagaye lokacin da suke kusa da baƙon labialized, da kuma azaman wasalin gaba lokacin da kalmar ta kasance mai laushi.

Palatalization a cikin Buwal yana faruwa a cikin gabaɗayan kalma, kuma yana shafar baƙaƙe /ts dzⁿdz/, wanda ke sama kamar [tʃ dʒⁿdʒ] a cikin kalma mai banƙyama. Sakamakon haka, duk wasulan da ke cikin kalma ɗaya ko dai gaba ko baya ne, suna samar da jituwa. Misalin wannan bambanci shine tsakanin [mɐ̄ⁿdʊ́wɐ́n] 'rat' (asali /māⁿdwán/), wanda ba ya daɗaɗawa, da [mɛ̀vɛ̄ɗvɛ̄ɗɛ̄ŋ] (magani /màvāɗvāɗāŋ/) 'turtle', wato palatalized. Wannan tsari baya shafar kalmomin lamuni, misali. [nɛ̀bɐ̄m] 'man' (daga Fulfulde nebbam) ko [lɛ̀kʷól] 'makarantar' (daga Faransa l'école). An canza wasu kalmomin lamuni don ɗaukar lamunin Buwal, misali. [sɐ́j] 'shayi', daga Fulfulde sha'i. ^[3]

Manazarta

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yaren Buwal". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
↑ Buwal at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
↑ Viljoen, Melanie Helen (2013). A grammatical description of the Buwal language (Ph.D. thesis). La Trobe University. hdl:1959.9/513436.

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yaren Buwal". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[2] Buwal at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

[3] Viljoen, Melanie Helen (2013). A grammatical description of the Buwal language (Ph.D. thesis). La Trobe University. hdl:1959.9/513436.

[1]

[2]

[3]