Yaren Chepang

Yaren Chepang
'Yan asalin magana	36,807 (2001)
Dangin harshen	Sino-Tibetan (en) ; Himalayish (en) ; Mahakiranti (en) ; Magaric (en) ; Chepangic (en) ; Chepang language; ; ; ; ; ;
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	cdm
Glottolog	chep1245

Chepang yare ne da kusan mutane 37,000 ke magana a Kudancin Tsakiyar Nepal. An san mutanen da suna Chepang . Randy LaPolla (2003) ya ba da shawarar cewa Chepang na iya zama wani ɓangare na babbar ƙungiyar "Rung". Wani rukuni wanda ke magana da Chepang, wanda ke zaune a fadin kogin Narayani, suna kiran kansu Bujheli.

Fasahar sauti

Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

Harshen Chepang ^[2]
		Labari	Dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Gishiri
Hanci		m	n̪			ŋ
Dakatar da	Rashin murya	p	t̪	t͡s		k
Dakatar da	Magana	b	d̪	d͡z		g
Fricative				s			h
Kusanci				l	j	w

Ayyukan sauti

Ana samun tsayawar glottal a wasu mahallin, kodayake yawanci ba a matsayin cikakken rufewa ba kuma a maimakon haka ana gabatar da shi azaman faɗuwa, laryngealization, sake magana, ko ta hanyar tsawo na ɓangaren da ya gabata. Wasu misalai na yiwuwar abubuwan da suka faru an jera su a ƙasa:

Sautin Farko
- Cikakken rufewa [ʔ] a farkon kalmomi - (ʔ / #__)
- Sake magana [<] a farkon kalmomi - (< / #__)
- Laryngealization bayan wasali da kuma dakatar da ƙuƙwalwa /ʔ/ - (~ / Vʔ__)
- Tsawon ɓangaren da ya gabata [:] bayan ƙwayoyin da ba na ƙwayoyin cuta ba - (: / C[-ƙwayoyin cuba]__)
Sautin Ƙarshe
- Cikakken rufewa a ƙarshen kalmomi - (ʔ / __#) ko kuma lokacin da yake bin wasali kuma yana gaba da ma'anar murya - (ʔ/ V__C[-murya])
- Laryngealization bayan wasali kuma yana gaba da tsayawar glottal - ([[[[[[[[]] / V__ʔ]])
- Kuma faɗuwa a duk sauran mahallin

Ana samun fricative /h/ a hanyoyi da yawa kuma yana da kyau sosai a cikin mahalli da abubuwan da ke faruwa. Misali:

A cikin yanayin sassan biyu masu haɗuwa, idan a farkon kalma sautin farko ya zama mara muryaba tare da murya ba
Idan a ƙarshen kalma sa'an nan sautin na biyu ya zama mara murya
- kalmar aal (ma'anar 'waƙar ko ƙanshin dabba') ana fassara ta a matsayin [Xal]
- kuma kalmar samm (ma'anar 'fuzz of bamboo') an fassara ta a matsayin [sammʹ]
Ƙaunar da ba ta da murya tana faruwa a kan abubuwan da ba su da murya
- kalmar p^h (ma'anar 'broom') ana fassara ta a matsayin [phek]
Muryar numfashi a farkon ɓangaren syllable a cikin yanayin muryoyin murya
- kalmar gaŋ (ma'anar 'rami') an fassara ta a matsayin [ɡ̈aŋ]
/h/ na iya zama /s/ a cikin magana mai sauri lokacin da ya biyo bayan /j/ da ya gabata /k/
/h/ na iya zama /x/ lokacin da yake kusa da /j/ kuma ya riga /ʔ/

ila yau, ana gane /s/ na alveolar mara murya a matsayin /ʃ/ kafin wasula na gaba.

/w/ lokacin da kai tsaye kusa da wasula na gaba an gane shi azaman kusanci na labio-dental [ʋ]

Sautin sautin

Sautin Chepang ^[2]
	A gaba	Tsakiya	Komawa
Kusa	i		u
Tsakanin	da kuma	ə	o
Bude		a

Bincike nuna cewa Chepang na iya samun tsarin wasula uku a wani lokaci. Wadannan wasula sune /i/ /u/ da /ə/, wannan ba sabon abu ba ne ga tsarin wasula uku kamar yadda yawanci sun kunshi /a/ /i/ da /u/ kamar yadda aka gani a cikin Larabci na gargajiya, Greenlandic da Quechua.

Rubuce-rubuce

Za'a iya bayyana Chepang a matS yana da tsari na asali na Subject O V (SOV) tare da wasu canje-canje saboda mahallin. Rubutun da ke ƙasa ya ba da misali:

Manazarta

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yaren Chepang". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Empty citation (help) Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yaren Chepang". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[:0-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Empty citation (help) Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content

[1]

[2]