Yaren Iduna
Iduna | |
---|---|
Vivigani | |
Asali a | Papua New Guinea |
Yanki | Milne Bay Province (Goodenough Island) |
'Yan asalin magana | (6,000 cited 1984)e25 |
Lamban rijistar harshe | |
ISO 639-3 |
viv |
Glottolog |
idun1242 [1] |
Iduna yaren Austronesia ne da ake magana a tsibirin Goodenough na lardin Milne Bay na Papua New Guinea
Fassarar sauti
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Consonants
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ƙididdiga na harshen Iduna ya ƙunshi baƙaƙen wayoyi 14.
Labial | Dental | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | Mara murya | t | k | ʔ | ||
Murya | b | d | g | |||
Ƙarfafawa | Mara murya | f | ||||
Murya | v | |||||
Nasal | m | n | ||||
Kusanci | l | j | w | h |
Muryar murya gabaɗaya sun bambanta da takwarorinsu da ba a bayyana su ba, ban da jerin bilabial, inda /b/</link> ya bambanta tsakanin [b]</link> kuma [p]</link> . Haka kuma, sautin wayar /g/</link> yawanci ana gane shi azaman [g]</link> , ko da yake ga wasu masu iya magana ana iya furta shi azaman fricative [ɣ]</link> ba tare da bambanci ba. A ƙarshe, /t/</link> Hakanan yana da fahimtar allophonic guda biyu: [t]</link> yana faruwa ne da farko da kalma-tsakaici kafin wasulan da ba na gaba ba /a/</link> , /o/</link> ko /u/</link> , alhali kuwa [s]</link> kawai ya bayyana a gaban wasulan gaba /i/</link> ko /e/</link> . [3] Sauran ƙananan fahimtar allophonic na iya faruwa. Daga cikin waɗannan bambance-bambancen kawai na ƙarshe yana nunawa a cikin rubutun.
Phoneme | Allophones | Magana |
---|---|---|
/b/ | [b ~ p], [bʷ] | bambancin kyauta; [bʷ] kafin wanda ba syllabic /u/ |
/f/ | [f], [fʷ] | A al'ada [f] ; [fʷ] kafin wanda ba syllabic /u/ |
/k/ | [k], [kʷ] | A al'ada [k] ; [kʷ] kafin wanda ba syllabic /u/ |
/g/ | [g ~ ɣ], [gʷ] | bambancin kyauta; [gʷ] kafin wanda ba syllabic /u/ |
/t/ | [t], [s] | [s] kafin /i/ da /e/ ; [t] wani wuri |
/d/ | [d], [tʰ] | [tʰ] kafin /i/ a matsayi na ƙarshe kawai; [d] wani wuri |
/m/ | [m], [mʷ] | A al'ada [m] ; [mʷ] kafin wanda ba syllabic /u/ |
Wasula
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wayoyin wasali guda biyar ne a Iduna.
Gaba | Tsakiya | Baya | |
---|---|---|---|
Babban | i | ku | |
Tsakar | e | ku | |
Ƙananan | a |
Wasula suna da allophones ma. An bayyana manyan bambance-bambancen allophonic a cikin tebur mai zuwa. Waɗannan sun haɗa da fahimtar sau biyu na /a/</link> , wanda yayi daidai da [a]</link> lokacin da aka samo shi a cikin maɗaukakiyar maɗaukaki, yayin da yake kimanin [ʌ]</link> a cikin wuraren da ba a damuwa, da kuma nau'in allophonic na hanci na /u/</link> . [4]
Phoneme | Allophone | Magana |
---|---|---|
/a/ | [a], [ʌ] | [a] a cikin maƙarƙashiya; [ʌ] wani wuri |
/u/ | [u], [ũ] | [ũ] bi /m/ ; [u] wani wuri |
Har ila yau, harshen yana da diphthong guda huɗu: /ai/</link> , /au/</link> , /ao/</link> kuma /oi/</link> . Waɗannan an bambanta su da jerin wasali, waɗanda a maimakon su bimoraic ne, misali kalmar giyauna</link> [gi.jau.nʌ]</link> 'ya goge shi' ya bambanta da giyauna</link> [gi.ja.u.nʌ]</link> 'ya kwance shi'. [5]
Wasan kwaikwayo
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin garin Iduna an haramta gungu ; saboda haka, akwai buɗaɗɗen kalmomin nau'in V, CV da CVV kawai. Hakanan, nau'in jeri na musamman CuV ana fassara shi azaman CʷV.
Tsarin rubutu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana nuna haruffan Iduna a cikin tebur mai zuwa: [6]
A a | B b | D d | E e | F f | G g | H h | I i | L l |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[a] | [b] | [d] | [e] | [f] | [g] | [h] | [i] | [l] |
M m | O o | S s | T t | ku ku | V v | W w | Yi y | ʼ |
[m] | [ɔ] | [s] | [t] | [ku] | [v] | [w] | [j] | [ʔ] |
Bayanan kula
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Iduna". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.