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Yaren Iduna

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Iduna
Vivigani
Asali a Papua New Guinea
Yanki Milne Bay Province (Goodenough Island)
'Yan asalin magana
(6,000 cited 1984)e25
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3 viv
Glottolog idun1242[1]
kampanin sananne na Idunu

Iduna yaren Austronesia ne da ake magana a tsibirin Goodenough na lardin Milne Bay na Papua New Guinea

Fassarar sauti

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ƙididdiga na harshen Iduna ya ƙunshi baƙaƙen wayoyi 14.

Labial Dental Palatal Velar Glottal
M Mara murya t k ʔ
Murya b d g
Ƙarfafawa Mara murya f
Murya v
Nasal m n
Kusanci l j w h

Muryar murya gabaɗaya sun bambanta da takwarorinsu da ba a bayyana su ba, ban da jerin bilabial, inda /b/</link> ya bambanta tsakanin [b]</link> kuma [p]</link> . Haka kuma, sautin wayar /g/</link> yawanci ana gane shi azaman [g]</link> , ko da yake ga wasu masu iya magana ana iya furta shi azaman fricative [ɣ]</link> ba tare da bambanci ba. A ƙarshe, /t/</link> Hakanan yana da fahimtar allophonic guda biyu: [t]</link> yana faruwa ne da farko da kalma-tsakaici kafin wasulan da ba na gaba ba /a/</link> , /o/</link> ko /u/</link> , alhali kuwa [s]</link> kawai ya bayyana a gaban wasulan gaba /i/</link> ko /e/</link> . [3] Sauran ƙananan fahimtar allophonic na iya faruwa. Daga cikin waɗannan bambance-bambancen kawai na ƙarshe yana nunawa a cikin rubutun.

Phoneme Allophones Magana
/b/ [b ~ p], [bʷ] bambancin kyauta; [bʷ] kafin wanda ba syllabic /u/
/f/ [f], [fʷ] A al'ada [f] ; [fʷ] kafin wanda ba syllabic /u/
/k/ [k], [kʷ] A al'ada [k] ; [kʷ] kafin wanda ba syllabic /u/
/g/ [g ~ ɣ], [gʷ] bambancin kyauta; [gʷ] kafin wanda ba syllabic /u/
/t/ [t], [s] [s] kafin /i/ da /e/ ; [t] wani wuri
/d/ [d], [tʰ] [tʰ] kafin /i/ a matsayi na ƙarshe kawai; [d] wani wuri
/m/ [m], [mʷ] A al'ada [m] ; [mʷ] kafin wanda ba syllabic /u/

Wayoyin wasali guda biyar ne a Iduna.

Gaba Tsakiya Baya
Babban i ku
Tsakar e ku
Ƙananan a

Wasula suna da allophones ma. An bayyana manyan bambance-bambancen allophonic a cikin tebur mai zuwa. Waɗannan sun haɗa da fahimtar sau biyu na /a/</link> , wanda yayi daidai da [a]</link> lokacin da aka samo shi a cikin maɗaukakiyar maɗaukaki, yayin da yake kimanin [ʌ]</link> a cikin wuraren da ba a damuwa, da kuma nau'in allophonic na hanci na /u/</link> . [4]

Phoneme Allophone Magana
/a/ [a], [ʌ] [a] a cikin maƙarƙashiya; [ʌ] wani wuri
/u/ [u], [ũ] [ũ] bi /m/ ; [u] wani wuri

Har ila yau, harshen yana da diphthong guda huɗu: /ai/</link> , /au/</link> , /ao/</link> kuma /oi/</link> . Waɗannan an bambanta su da jerin wasali, waɗanda a maimakon su bimoraic ne, misali kalmar giyauna</link> [gi.jau.nʌ]</link> 'ya goge shi' ya bambanta da giyauna</link> [gi.ja.u.nʌ]</link> 'ya kwance shi'. [5]

Wasan kwaikwayo

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cikin garin Iduna an haramta gungu ; saboda haka, akwai buɗaɗɗen kalmomin nau'in V, CV da CVV kawai. Hakanan, nau'in jeri na musamman CuV ana fassara shi azaman CʷV.

Tsarin rubutu

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ana nuna haruffan Iduna a cikin tebur mai zuwa: [6]

A a B b D d E e F f G g H h I i L l
[a] [b] [d] [e] [f] [g] [h] [i] [l]
M m O o S s T t ku ku V v W w Yi y ʼ
[m] [ɔ] [s] [t] [ku] [v] [w] [j] [ʔ]

Bayanan kula

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Iduna". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
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