Yaren Kitsai
| Yaren Kitsai | |
|---|---|
'Yan asalin magana | 0 |
| |
| Baƙaƙen boko | |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
kii |
| Glottolog |
kits1249[1] |
Harshen Kitsai (kuma Kichai ) wani batattu yare ne na dangin harshen Caddoan . [2] Faransanci ne ya fara rikodin kasancewar mutanen Kichai tare da babban kogin Red River a cikin shekara ta1701. A cikin 1840s an yi magana da Kitsai a kudancin Oklahoma, amma a cikin 1930s babu wani mai magana da ya rage. Ana tsammanin yana da alaƙa da Pawnee sosai. [3] [4] Mutanen Kichai a yau suna shiga cikin Wichita da Ƙabilun Ƙungiyoyi (Wichita, Keechi), Waco da Tawakonie ), wanda ke da hedkwata a Anadarko, Oklahoma .
Fassarar sauti[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Consonants[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ƙirar baƙar fata ta Kitsai ta ƙunshi wayoyin hannu da aka nuna a ginshiƙi na ƙasa. [5] Ana nazarin wayar sautin /c/ a ƙasa azaman tasha, duk da cewa saninta na yau da kullun shine alveolar tare da jinkirin sakin, don kada a sami "jerin" mai alaƙa da ya ƙunshi sautin waya ɗaya kawai. Hakazalika, ana nazarin /w/ a matsayin maɗaukaki (watau labio-velar ) maimakon labial don kada ya zama baƙar magana kaɗai.
| Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tsaya | t | c [t͡s] | k | ʔ |
| Ƙarfafawa | s | h | ||
| Nasal | n | |||
| Sonorant | r | da [j] | w |
Wasula[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kitsai tana da wayoyi masu zuwa:
| Gajere | Doguwa | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gaba | Baya | Gaba | Baya | |
| [+HIGH] | i | u | iː | uː |
| [-HIGH ] | e | a | eː | aː |
Takaddun bayanai[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kitsai an rubuta shi a cikin bayanan filin da har yanzu ba a buga ba na masanin ɗan adam Alexander Lesser, na Jami'ar Hofstra . Karami ya gano masu magana da Kitsai guda biyar a cikin 1928 da 1929, babu wanda ya yi magana da Ingilishi. Sadar da masu magana da Kitsai ta hanyar masu fassarar harsuna biyu na Wichita/Ingilishi, ya cika littattafai 41 da kayan Kitsai. [6]
Kai Kai shine mai magana na ƙarshe na Kitsai. An haife ta a shekara ta 1849 kuma ta rayu mil takwas a arewacin Anadarko. Kai Kai yayi aiki tare da Lesser don yin rikodin ƙamus da tarihin baka da shirya nahawun harshen. [7]
A cikin 1960s, Lesser ya raba kayansa tare da Salvador Bucca na Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires, kuma sun buga labaran masana akan Kitsai. [6]
Kalmomi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Wasu kalmomin Kitsai sun haɗa da: [8]
Bayanan kula[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yaren Kitsai". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Sturtevant and Fogelson, 616
- ↑ Sturtevant and Fogelson, 68
- ↑ "Kitsai: an extinct language of USA." Ethnologue.
- ↑ Vantine, John Liessman (1980).
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Salvador Bucca and Alexander Lesser, "Kitsai Phonology and Morphophonemics," (University of Chicago Press, 1969): 7.
- ↑ "Science: Last of the Kitsai." Time Magazine.
- ↑ "Kitsai and Caddoan Word Set." Native Languages.
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Sturtevant, William C., babban edita, da Raymond D. Fogelson, editan ƙara. Littafin Jagora na Indiyawan Arewacin Amirka: Kudu maso Gabas. Juzu'i na 14 . Washington DC: Cibiyar Smithsonian, 2004. ISBN Bayani na 0-16-072300-0 .
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Kitsai, Harsunan Asalin
- Harsuna da mutane Caddoan