Yaren Kove
| Yaren Kove | |
|---|---|
| |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
kvc |
| Glottolog |
kove1237[1] |
.[2]Kove is one of the Austronesian languages of New Britain which is spoken by the people of Papua New Guinea. The language is found in 18 villages with their populations totaling 9,000 people; however, most of the people are unfamiliar with the language. Instead of using the Kove language, many of them use Tok Pisin as their daily language
Canja daga Kove zuwa Tok Pisin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ko da yake a baya mutanen Kove suna hulɗa da harsunan waje a sakamakon ciniki, wurin da suke zama ya keɓe wanda ya sa suka riƙe Kove a matsayin harshensu na yau da kullum. Hakan na faruwa ne ta hanyar cudanya da mutane fiye da yadda suke yi a baya saboda karuwar sufuri. [ bayani da ake buƙata ] Ko da yake, ƴan kalilan ne daga mutanen da ba su wuce hamsin ba, sun fara amfani da Tok Pisin a matsayin harshensu na yau da kullum. Bugu da ƙari, harshen ilimi da ake amfani da shi a makarantu ba Kove ba ne, sai dai wata makaranta da ta canza kwanan nan zuwa Kove - amma wannan ba ya nufin cewa dalibi zai yi amfani da Kove a waje da aji. Har ila yau, wasu mutanen Kove sun auri masu magana da harshen Kove kuma suna amfani da wasu harsuna a rayuwar yau da kullum maimakon Kove. A sakamakon haka, yaran su za su koyi wani yare a matsayin harshensu na farko.
Yaruka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai yaruka uku na Kove: Gabas Kove, Kove ta Tsakiya, da Yammacin Kove. Yaren Kove na Tsakiya ana ɗaukar daidaitaccen nau'in Kove. Wannan saboda yankin tsakiyar Kove shine wurin da kakannin Kove suka fara isa. Ƙari ga haka, shi ne yaren da ya fi kusa da ainihin harshen Kove. A zahiri, sauran yarukan biyu, East Kove da West Kove, sun ɗan canza kaɗan saboda harsunan da ke kewaye da su. [3]
Ilimin Halitta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sunan mai suna
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana ba da karin magana mai zaman kansa na Kove a cikin tebur mai zuwa. [4]
| 1 inc | 1 excl | 2 | 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mufuradi | yau | veao | veai | |
| Jam'i | taita | yai | amiu | asiri |
| Dual | tahua | yahua | amihua | asihua |
| Rukuni | tangera | yangera | angera | asingera |
Tsarin suna na Kove ya ɗan bambanta da sauran harsunan Tekun . Daga cikin kamanceceniya da Kove da sauran harsunan Oceanic suke da ita akwai amfani da mutum na farko, mutum na biyu, da mutum na uku. Suna kuma raba abin haɗawa da na keɓancewa. Hakanan, "ba a shigar da jinsi" kamar yadda Sato (2013) ya lura. [5] Koyaya, ba kamar sauran harsunan Oceanic ba, Kove yana amfani da guda ɗaya da jam'i ne kawai don lambobi. An raba tsarin tsarin sunan Kove zuwa ayyuka huɗu: mai zaman kansa, alamar magana, abu, da mallakewa. [5]
Tsarin Morphosyntactic
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tsarin nahawu a cikin Kove shine SV da AYO, "inda S ke wakiltar batun da ba za a iya canzawa ba, A batu mai canzawa, V a fi'ili, da O wani abu kai tsaye" (Sato 2013). [5]
Fassarar sauti
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Consonants
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana iya canza baƙaƙen Kove kowane lokaci saboda hulɗa da yaren Tok Pisin da Ingilishi. Ana iya haɗa dukkan baƙaƙen tare da wasulan Kove. [6]
| Bilabial | Labiovelar | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tsayawa | p b | t d | k g | |||
| Prenasalized | ᵐb | d | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
| Masu saɓo | β | s | ɣ | h | ||
| Kusanci | ɹ | |||||
| Na gefe | l | |||||
| Glides | w | j |
Wasula
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A Kove, akwai wasula guda biyar. Lebe za su zagaye don samar da wasulan /u/</link> kuma /o/</link> . Don wasulan /i/</link> , /e/</link> , da /a/</link> lebe ba za a zagaye. Wasulan suna iya kasancewa a farkon kalmar ko kuma a ƙarshen kalmar. Haka nan, ba za a iya amfani da wasula guda biyu tare ba. Misali, ta amfani da wasula /ii/</link> tare ba a yarda; duk da haka, akwai kalma ɗaya da ake amfani da wasula guda biyu iri ɗaya wadda ita ce /ee/</link> 'iya'. Wannan misali shine kawai yanayin inda biyu daga cikin wasulan guda zasu iya bayyana kusa da juna. [5]
| Gaba | Tsakiya | Baya | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Babban | i | u | |
| Tsakar | e | o | |
| Ƙananan | a |
Bayan haka kuma, idan aka bi wasulan da hanci mai ɗorewa, to zai zama mara kyau, sai dai wasali a. [5]
Rubutun Rubutu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wasu daga cikin makarantun firamare a Kove suna amfani da rubutun kalmomi "wanda malaman makarantar firamare suka kafa waɗanda ba 'yan asalin Kove ba ne kuma ba horar da ilimin harshe" (Sato 2013). Duk da haka, waɗannan malaman ba su da masaniya da tsarin. [5]
| Phoneme | /a/ | /e/ | /i/ | /o/ | /u/ | /p/ | /b/ | /t/ | /d/ | /k/ | /g/ | /mb/ |
| Grapheme | ⟨ a ⟩ | ⟨ e ⟩ | ⟨ i ⟩ | ⟨ ⟩ | ⟨ ⟩ | ⟨ p ⟩ | ⟨ ⟩ | ⟨ t ⟩ | ⟨ d ⟩ | ⟨ ku ⟩ | ⟨ g ⟩ | ⟨ mb ⟩ |
| Phoneme | /nd/ | /m/ | /n/ | /ŋ/ | /β/ | /s/ | /ɣ/ | /h/ | /r/ | /l/ | /w/ | /j/ |
| Grapheme | ⟨ ⟩ | ⟨ m ⟩ | ⟨ n ⟩ | ⟨ ng ⟩ | ⟨ β ⟩ | ⟨ ⟩ | ⟨ ⟩ | ⟨ h ⟩ | ⟨ r ⟩ | ⟨ ⟩ | ⟨ w ⟩ | ⟨ yi ⟩ |