Yaren soo
| Yaren soo | |
|---|---|
'Yan asalin magana | 50 (2007) |
| |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
teu |
| Glottolog |
sooo1256[1] |
Soo ko So shine yaren Kuliak na mutanen Tepes na arewa maso gabashin Uganda . Harshen ya yi ƙamari, tare da yawancin mutanen 5,000 sun ƙaura zuwa Karamojong, kuma tsofaffi kaɗan ne kawai ke iya magana da Soo. Soo ya kasu kashi uku manyan yaruka: Tepes, Kadam (Katam), da Napak (Yog Toŋi).
Akwai tsakanin kabilar Soo 3,000 zuwa 10,000 (Carlin 1993). Mafarauta ne a tarihi, amma kwanan nan sun koma makiyaya da noman rayuwa kamar makwabtan Nilotic da Bantu. [2] Beer (2009: 2) ya gano cewa yawancin ƙauyukan Soo suna da lasifika ɗaya kaɗai ya rage. Don haka, da kyar masu magana suna samun damar yin amfani da yaren Soo.
Yaruka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana magana da yaren Soo a kan gangaren duwatsu uku masu zuwa a gabas ta tsakiya Uganda zuwa arewacin Dutsen Elgon . [3]
- Yaren Tepes (wanda kuma ake kira Tepeth ), akan gangaren Dutsen Moroto a gundumar Moroto, Uganda. Ana magana a cikin kwarin Kakingol, Lea, da Tapac a kan gangaren Dutsen Moroto. [4] Yaren da ya mamaye yankin shine Karimjong. Yawancin mutanen Tepes sun haɗu da harshe da al'adu tare da mutanen Karimojong . [5] Kauyukan sun hada da Akeme, Nabuin, da Mokora, [6] da kuma Naripo Kakole. [4]
- Yaren Kadam, akan gangaren Dutsen Kadam a gundumar Nakapiripirit, Uganda. Ƙauyen sun haɗa da Nakapeliethe da Nakaapiripirit. [7] Ana samun bayanan Kadam da farko a cikin Heine (ms). [8] Yaren da ya mamaye yankin shine Pokot . [5] A cewar Carlin (1993), Dutsen Kadam yana da mafi girman taro na kabilanci So.
- Yaren Napak, a kan gangaren Dutsen Napak a gundumar Napak, Uganda (ba a sami masu magana ba kamar na 1993).
Akwai kasa da tsofaffin masu magana da duk yarukan uku a hade. [2]
Carlin (1993: 2-3) ya lura cewa akwai ƙananan bambance-bambance tsakanin yarukan Tepes da Kadam, waɗanda suke fahimtar juna.
Nahawu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Don haka Beer, et al. (2009). [9]
Tsarin kalma shine VSO ( fi'ili-batun-abu ). Don haka yana da wadataccen ilimin halittar jiki. [9]
Karin magana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Don haka sunayen sunaye da na tuhuma sune: [9]
| Mufuradi | Jam'i | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st | aja | inja/Izja |
| Na biyu | bija | bitja |
| 3rd | ina | i ɟa |
Masu tambayoyi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Don haka tambayoyin su ne: [9]
- Wane/Me: / ic</link> /
- Lokacin: / ita</link> /
- ku: / eoko</link> /
- Why: / ikun</link> /
- Ta yaya: / gwate</link> /
- Nawa/Nawa: / intanac</link> /
Tashin hankali
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai lokuta guda hudu: [9]
- lokacin da ya wuce
- halin yanzu
- makomar gaba (gaba daya)
- lokaci na gaba (takamaiman)
Maɗaukaki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ga wasu abubuwa kamar haka: [9]
- /kɔ-/: nan gaba
- /-ak/: wucewa
- /a'a-/: mai kula da jumlar dangi
- /ɪn-/: gama-gari
- /lan/: rashin gaskiya
- /ipa/: ɓata mahimmanci
- /-tɛz/: alamar alamar
- /-uk/: alamar wuri
- /-ok/: alamar kayan aiki
- /-a/: alamar burin
- /kun-/: karin magana
- /-ak/: karin magana
Suffixes guda ɗaya sune /-at/, /an/, /-ɛn/, da /-it/.
Ƙafafun jam'i sune /-in/, /-ɛk/, /-ɛz/, /-an/, /-ɛl/, /-ra/, /-ce/, /-ɔt/, da /-e/.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yaren soo". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Beer (2009: 1)
- ↑ Carlin, Eithne. 1993. The So Language. (Afrikanistische Monografien (AMO), 2.) Institut für Afrikanistik, Universität zu Köln.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Beer (2009: 2)
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Carlin (1993: 6)
- ↑ Carlin (1993: 7-8)
- ↑ Carlin (1993: 8)
- ↑ Heine, Bernd. m.s. The So Language of Eastern Uganda.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Beer, Sam, Amber McKinney, Lokiru Kosma 2009. The So Language: A Grammar Sketch. m.s.