Yarjejeniyar Geneva kan zirga-zirgar ababen hawa
| Iri | yarjejeniya |
|---|---|
 |
 Ka duba wannan shafin domin sanin yanda zaka gyara wannan mukalar Koyon rubuta mukala  Akwai yuwar admin ya goge wannan shafin matukar ba'a inganta ta ba. |
Yarjejeniyar kan zirga-zirgar ababen hawa,wadda aka fi sani da Yarjejeniyar Geneva kan zirga-zirgar ababen hawa,yarjejeniya ce ta kasa da kasa da ke inganta ci gaba da amincin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa na kasa da kasa ta hanyar kafa wasu ka'idoji guda daya a tsakanin bangarorin da ke kulla yarjejeniya.Yarjejeniyar tana yin magana da mafi ƙarancin injiniyoyi da na'urorin aminci da ake buƙata don kasancewa a cikin jirgin kuma suna bayyana alamar ganowa don gano asalin abin hawa.Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan hanyoyi da sufurin motoci da aka shirya kuma aka bude shi don sanya hannu a taron a Geneva daga 23 ga Agusta zuwa 19 ga Satumba 1949.Ya fara aiki a ranar 26 ga Maris 1952.Wannan taron kuma ya samar da ka'idar Alamomi da Sigina.
Akwai Yarjejeniyar Turai da ta kara da yarjejeniyar 1949 kan zirga-zirgar ababen hawa, baya ga yarjejeniyar 1949 kan Alamomin Hanyoyi da Sigina,da aka kammala a Geneva ranar 16 ga Satumban 1950.
Jam'iyyun kwangila
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An kammala taron Geneva kan zirga-zirgar ababen hawa a Geneva a ranar 19 ga Satumban 1949.Kasashe 101 ne suka amince da yarjejeniyar.Tun lokacin da aka fara aiki a ranar 26 ga Maris 1952,tsakanin ƙasashen da suka sanya hannu("Ƙungiyoyin Kwangila")ya maye gurbin yarjejeniyar zirga-zirgar ababen hawa na baya,musamman Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa ta 1926 dangane da zirga-zirgar ababen hawa da Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa dangane da zirga-zirgar ababen hawa, da Yarjejeniyar Kan Ka'ida.Traffic Automotive Inter-Amurka daidai da Mataki na 30 na Yarjejeniyar.
Yawancin ɓangarorin da ke ba da kwangila kuma sun amince da sabuwar yarjejeniyar Vienna Convention on Road Traffic na 1968.Tsakanin kasashen da suka rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar Vienna na 1968,wannan ya maye gurbin yarjejeniyoyin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa na baya ciki har da yarjejeniyar Geneva kan zirga-zirgar ababen hawa, kamar yadda doka ta 48 ta yarjejeniyar Vienna ta tanada.
Motocin kan iyaka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Daya daga cikin manyan fa'idodin yarjejeniyar ga masu ababen hawa shi ne wajibcin da ya rataya a wuyan kasashen da suka sanya hannu kan halaccin ababen hawa daga wasu kasashen da suka sanya hannu.Dole ne a cika waɗannan buƙatu yayin tuƙi a wajen ƙasar rajista:
- Dole ne motoci su nuna lambar rajistarsu (lambar rajistar motar)a baya aƙalla.Dole ne lambobin rajista su ƙunshi ko dai na adadi ko na adadi da haruffa.Dole ne a nuna su cikin manyan haruffan Latin da lambobin Larabci.Baya ga wannan,ana iya nuna lambar rajista da zaɓin a cikin wani haruffa daban.Lambobin rajista ba za su iya ƙunshi haruffa kawai ba;bisa ga kalmomin yanzu na sakin layi na 1 na Annex 3, abin hawa mai lambar rajista mai haruffa kawai ba za a bari a cikin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa na duniya ba.An gabatar da gyara ga wannan bukata a cikin 2016.
- Dole ne a nuna alamar ƙasar rajista a bayan abin hawa.Dole ne a sanya wannan alamar daban daga farantin rajista.Maiyuwa ba za a haɗa shi cikin farantin rajistar abin hawa ba (kamar faranti na tsarin EU).
- Abubuwan da ake buƙata na zahiri don alamar bambancewa an bayyana su a cikin Annex 4 na Yarjejeniyar Geneva game da zirga-zirgar ababen hawa,wanda ya bayyana cewa haruffan za su kasance baƙar fata akan farar bango mai siffar ellipse tare da babban axis a kwance.
- Dole ne motar ta cika duk buƙatun fasaha don zama doka don amfani da hanya a ƙasar rajista.Duk wani buƙatun fasaha masu cin karo da juna (misali,tuƙi-dama ko tuƙi-hannun hagu)a cikin ƙasar da ta sa hannu inda ake tuka abin hawa ba za a yi aiki ba.
- Dole ne direban ya ɗauki takardar shaidar rajistar abin hawa,kuma idan motar ba ta yi rajista da sunan wanda ke cikin motar ba (misali,motar haya ),shaidar haƙƙin direban na mallakar motar.
Abubuwan da ake buƙata don nuna alamar alama kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin Yarjejeniyar Geneva game da zirga-zirgar hanya an yi watsi da ita tsakanin wasu ƙasashe,alal misali a cikin Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziƙi na Turai,don motocin da ke da faranti na rajista a cikin tsarin EU na gama gari (wanda ya ƙunshi alamar rarrabewa a cikin farantin rajista.).Hakanan yana yiwuwa a cikin ƙasashen da ke cikin sabuwar yarjejeniyar Vienna kan zirga-zirgar ababen hawa,da tsakanin Kanada da Amurka (inda lardi,jiha,ko gundumar rajista galibi ana sanyawa ko buga a saman farantin motar ).
Izinin Tuƙi na Ƙasashen Duniya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yarjejeniyar Geneva kan zirga-zirgar ababen hawa na ɗaya daga cikin yarjejeniyoyin yarjejeniya guda uku waɗanda ke gudanar da izinin tuƙi na ƙasa da ƙasa.Sauran biyun su ne Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa ta Paris ta 1926 dangane da zirga-zirgar ababen hawa da yarjejeniyar Vienna ta 1968 kan zirga-zirgar hanya.Lokacin da wata jiha ke yin kwangila zuwa babban taro fiye da ɗaya,sabuwar ta ƙare tare da maye gurbin waɗanda suka gabata dangane da waɗannan jihohin.
Bayanin Yarjejeniyar 1949 na izinin tuƙi da izinin tuƙi na duniya suna cikin Annexes 9 da 10.Yarjejeniyar Geneva ta 1949 ta bayyana cewa IDP ya kasance yana aiki na shekara guda daga ranar da aka fitar.
- "Madaidaicin nauyin da aka halatta"abin hawa yana nufin nauyin abin hawa da matsakaicin nauyinsa lokacin da abin hawa ke shirye don hanya.
- "Mafi girman kaya" yana nufin nauyin nauyin da hukumar da ke da ikon ƙasar (ko ikon) na rajistar motar ta ayyana halacci.
- "Tireloli masu haske"za su kasance waɗanda aka halatta iyakar nauyin da bai wuce 750 ba kg (1,650 lbs).