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'Yancin Dan Adam a Arewacin Makidoniya

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'Yancin Dan Adam a Arewacin Makidoniya
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Arewacin Makidoniya ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Yarjejeniyar Geneva ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da Matsayin 'Yan Gudun Hijira da Yarjejeniya game da azabtarwa, kuma Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Arewacin Makdoniya ya tabbatar da' yancin ɗan adam na asali ga dukkan' yan ƙasa.

Duk da haka akwai ci gaba da matsaloli tare da haƙƙin ɗan adam. A cewar kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam, a shekara ta 2003 an yi zargin kashe-kashen da ba a yi la'akari da shi ba, barazana da tsoratar da masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam da 'yan jarida masu adawa da mulkin mallaka da kuma zargin azabtarwa da' yan sanda suka yi.[1][2]

HRW da Helsinki Watch

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A cewar Human Rights Watch, yawancin tsoffin 'yan Yugoslav sun kasance "marasa ƙasa" [3] sakamakon dokar' yan ƙasa da aka tsara bayan rabuwar Arewacin Makidoniya daga Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Yugoslavia.

Rikici tsakanin masu rabuwa da kabilanci na Albania da gwamnatin Arewacin Makidoniya ya haifar da mummunar keta haƙƙin ɗan adam a bangarorin biyu.[2]

A cewar ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ta Helsinki ta duniya, an ba da rahoton cin zarafin ɗan adam kamar haka:

  • Cin zarafin 'yan sanda na wadanda ake zargi, musamman a lokacin da aka kama su da kuma tsare su
  • Matsalar 'yan sanda ga' yan tsiraru, musamman Roma
  • Rashin hukunci da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin rundunar 'yan sanda
  • Matsi na siyasa a kan shari'a
  • Rikicin zamantakewa da nuna bambanci ga mata, yara da kabilanci, musamman Roma
  • Cinikin mata da 'yan mata don cin zarafin jima'i
  • Shigawar gwamnati cikin ayyukan ƙungiyar

Matsayi na kasa da kasa

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  • Demokradiyya Index, 2020: 78 daga cikin 167 ("mulkin haɗe-haɗe") [4]
  • Worldwide Press Freedom Index, 2020: 92 daga cikin 180. [5]

Rahoton EC

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Dangane da Rahoton Hukumar Tarayyar Turai na 2020 ya yi gagarumin ci gaba idan aka kwatanta da rahotanni da suka gabata, amma har yanzu yana gwagwarmaya don cimma canji na dindindin a manyan fannoni:

  • Game da Ka'idojin siyasa, Arewacin Makidoniya ya ci gaba da aiwatar da sauye-sauyen da suka shafi EU a duk lokacin bayar da rahoto. Kokarin ya ci gaba da karfafa dimokuradiyya da mulkin doka, gami da kunna dubawa da ma'auni da ke akwai da kuma ta hanyar tattaunawa da muhawara a cikin mahimman manufofi da batutuwan majalisa. Jam'iyyun adawa sun ci gaba da shiga cikin majalisa kuma sun goyi bayan mahimman batutuwa na sha'awar ƙasa, kamar sauye-sauyen da suka shafi EU da tsarin haɗin NATO, wanda Arewacin Makidoniya ta shiga a watan Maris 2020.
  • Yanayin tsakanin kabilun ya kasance mai natsuwa gaba ɗaya. An yi ƙoƙari don ƙarfafa dangantakar kabilanci da aiwatar da Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Ohrid, wanda ya kawo ƙarshen rikici na 2001 kuma ya samar da tsarin don adana halin kabilanci na al'umma.
  • Jama'a suna ci gaba da aiki kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin manufofi da hanyoyin yanke shawara. An dauki matakai don aiwatar da Shirin Shirye-shiryen 2018-2020 don Haɗin kai tsakanin Gwamnati da Jama'a. Koyaya, ana buƙatar ƙoƙari don tabbatar da tsarin shawarwari mai ma'ana da kuma lokaci.
  • Ci gaba da sake fasalin Ayyukan leken asiri ya haifar da kafawa a watan Satumbar 2019 na Hukumar Tsaro ta Kasa, wanda aka tsara a matsayin wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ba tare da ikon 'yan sanda ba, ba kamar wanda ya riga shi Ofishin Tsaro da Counterintelligence (UBK). Wannan ya yi daidai da shawarwarin Babban Kungiyar Masana kan batutuwan tsarin doka. Hukumar Fasaha ta Ayyuka ta ci gaba da aiki. Ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari don tabbatar da cewa yana da damar yin amfani da duk kayan aikin da ake buƙata don cika aikinsa. Ana buƙatar ƙarfafa ikon kula da majalisa kan ayyukan leken asiri.
  • Arewacin Makidoniya yana shirye-shirye sosai tare da sake fasalin gwamnatin jama'a. An sami ci gaba wajen inganta gaskiya, tare da karɓar dabarun gaskiya na 2019-2021, aiwatar da tashar bayanai ta gwamnati da kuma buga bayanai game da kashe kuɗin gwamnati. Rahotanni na saka idanu game da aiwatar da dabarun sake fasalin gudanar da gwamnati da kuma Shirin sake fasalin kula da kudade na jama'a an samar da su tare da isasshen ayyukan ganuwa. Tabbatar da girmamawa ga ka'idodin nuna gaskiya, cancanta da wakilci mai adalci ya kasance mai mahimmanci. Hukumar Kula da Cin Hanci da rashawa ta Jiha ta ci gaba da magance zarge-zargen nepotism, cronyism da tasirin siyasa a cikin aiwatar da daukar ma'aikatan gwamnati. Ana buƙatar bin diddigin da ya dace ga rahotanni da shawarwari na Hukumar Jiha.
  • Tsarin shari'a na Arewacin Makidoniya yana da wani matakin shiri / an shirya shi a matsakaici. Akwai ci gaba mai kyau a aiwatar da dabarun sake fasalin shari'a, don haka magance 'Farin Ciki na Gaggawa' da shawarwari daga Hukumar Venice da Kungiyar Manyan Masana kan batutuwan Tsarin Mulki. Har yanzu ana buƙatar ƙoƙari don tabbatar da aiwatar da tsarin tsarin sabuntawa na dabarun sake fasalin shari'a. Cibiyoyin shari'a suna aiwatar da sabbin dokoki don nadin, ci gaba, horo da korar alƙalai kuma Majalisar Shari'a tana yin aiki sosai. A sakamakon kokarin sake fasalin da ta yi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Arewacin Makidoniya ta kafa hanyoyin da za su tabbatar da' yancin shari'a da lissafi, kamar dokoki kan nadin da suka danganci cancanta, bincika dukiya da rikice-rikice na sha'awa da hanyoyin horo. Ya kamata ya tabbatar da ƙuduri da amfani da su kafin ya yi la'akari da ƙarin canje-canje a wannan yanki. Kyakkyawan aiwatar da tsarin doka da kuma kara kokarin da duk masu ruwa da tsaki suka yi don nuna misali zai ba da gudummawa ga kara amincewar jama'a a bangaren shari'a.
  • Game da yaki da cin hanci da rashawa, Arewacin Makidoniya yana da wani matakin shiri / yana da matsakaici. An sami ci gaba mai kyau ta hanyar karfafa rikodin sa akan bincike, gurfanar da kuma gwada manyan shari'o'in cin hanci da rashawa. Hukumar Kula da Cin Hanci da Rashawa ta Jiha ta kasance mai aiki sosai wajen hana cin hanci da rashawa kuma ta bude shari'o'i da yawa, gami da wadanda suka shafi manyan jami'ai daga ko'ina cikin siyasa, daidai da shawarar shekarar da ta gabata. Kokarin yana ci gaba da ci gaba tare da shari'o'in Ofishin Mai Shari'a na Musamman da kuma kafa lissafi ga sauraron sauraron sauraro ba bisa ka'ida ba. An yanke wa tsohon Babban Mai gabatar da kara na Musamman hukunci a watan Yunin 2020 a cikin hukuncin farko a cikin abin da ake kira 'matakin fashi' game da zargin cin hanci da rashawa da cin zarafin ofishin dangane da shari'ar Ofishin Mai gabatar da Kasa na Musamman. Cin hanci da rashawa ya zama ruwan dare a wurare da yawa kuma ana buƙatar tabbatar da tsarin da ya fi dacewa daga duk 'yan wasan da ke cikin hanawa da yaki da cin hanci da Rashawa.
  • Kasar tana da wani matakin shiri a yaki da aikata laifuka. Tsarin majalisa ya yi daidai da ka'idodin Turai, kuma kokarin aiwatar da dabarun yaki da aikata laifuka dole ne ya ci gaba. An sami ci gaba a taron shawarar da aka bayar a shekarar da ta gabata don kafa ofishin dawo da dukiya daidai da nasarar da EU ta samu. Ofishin yanzu zai nuna ikonsa na tallafawa manufofin da ke aiki na kwace dukiya. Kasar tana cikin kimanta barazana a matakin yanki, kuma dole ne ta fadada ikonta daidai da ayyukan EU. Akwai ci gaba a matakin aiki, amma ana buƙatar yin ƙarin don inganta tasirin tilasta bin doka wajen yaki da takamaiman nau'ikan aikata laifuka, kamar karkatar da kuɗi da laifukan kuɗi. Haɗin gwiwar da Europol yana ƙaruwa a duk faɗin yankuna masu aikata laifuka daban-daban. Haɗin kai ya kasance mai mahimmanci ga duk masu ruwa da tsaki da ke cikin yaki da aikata laifuka. An sami ci gaba a yaki da ta'addanci da hanawa / fuskantar tsattsauran ra'ayi daidai da manufofin da aka tsara a cikin Shirin Ayyuka na hadin gwiwa kan yaki da ta ta'addance ga Yammacin Balkans da kuma tsarin aiwatar da kasashen biyu.
  • Tsarin doka kan kariya ga haƙƙoƙi na asali ya fi dacewa da ƙa'idodin Turai. Ana aiwatar da tsarin deinstitutialisation kuma ana aiwatar da sake zama na yara zuwa kulawar al'umma. Ma'aikatar Ayyuka da Manufofin Jama'a tana saka hannun jari a cikin ayyukan al'umma, gami da tallafawa wadanda ke fama da tashin hankali na jinsi. Yana da mahimmanci cewa ana ci gaba da samun waɗannan ayyukan. Ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari don magance shawarwarin hukumomin kare hakkin dan adam na Turai da na duniya, musamman game da yadda ake bi da waɗanda aka tsare da waɗanda aka yanke musu hukunci. Hukuncin Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki na soke Dokar Rigakafi da Karewa daga Nuna Bambanci a kan dalilai na tsari yana nufin cewa a halin yanzu kasar ba ta da cikakken tsarin doka game da rashin nuna bambanci da kuma daidaito. Wannan gagarumin rata yana buƙatar sabon majalisa ya magance shi. Har ila yau, yana da mahimmanci ga ƙasar don inganta aiwatar da dokar kan maganganun ƙiyayya da kuma shirin aikin ƙasa don aiwatar da Yarjejeniyar Istanbul. Duk da yake saitin tsarin kula da waje na 'yan sanda ya cika, rashin masu bincike masu zaman kansu na gaske na iya hana aikin sashin don magance rashin hukunci na' yan sanda yadda ya kamata. Ya kamata kasar ta dauki matakai na gaggawa don kara inganta halin da ake ciki a cikin kurkuku da kuma tallafawa hanyoyin da za a iya tsare su.
  • Kasar tana da wani matakin shiri / an shirya ta a matsakaici a fannin 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki kuma ta sami ci gaba mai iyaka a lokacin bayar da rahoto. Gabaɗaya halin da ake ciki da yanayin da kafofin watsa labarai ke aiki a ciki sun kasance suna da kyau ga 'yancin kafofin watsa labarai kuma suna ba da damar rahotanni masu mahimmanci na kafofin watsa labarai, kodayake an sami karuwar tashin hankali a lokacin rikicin COVID-19 da kuma yanayin zaben. Ana buƙatar ƙarfafa ƙoƙarin sarrafa kai don tallafawa ci gaba a cikin ƙa'idodin ƙwararru da ingancin aikin jarida. Yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar da mafi girman gaskiya na tallace-tallace na kafofin watsa labarai ta cibiyoyin gwamnati, jam'iyyun siyasa da kamfanonin jama'a. Ana buƙatar mafita mai ɗorewa don tabbatar da 'yancin kai na mai watsa shirye-shiryen jama'a, ƙa'idodin ƙwararru da dorewar kuɗi. Yana da mahimmanci a ci gaba da tallafawa kafofin watsa labarai da yawa, inganta ƙwarewa, bayar da rahoto mara son kai da aikin jarida na bincike, da kuma gina juriya don magance rashin gaskiya. Tsayawa da kudi na kafofin watsa labarai masu zaman kansu da yanayin aiki na 'yan jarida sun kasance ƙalubale.
  • Arewacin Makidoniya na ci gaba da taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin gudanar da ƙaurawar ƙaura. Ya kasance a daya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin zirga-zirga don motsi mai gauraye. Yana ba da hadin kai yadda ya kamata tare da ƙasashe makwabta da membobin EU, gami da jami'an baƙi daga membobin EU a ƙasa. Kokarin da aka yi don tabbatar da yanayin rayuwa da sabis na yau da kullun ga duk bakin haure da ke zaune a kasar ya ci gaba. Rijistar baƙi da isasshen bayanin kariya ya inganta amma yana buƙatar a aiwatar da shi a cikin tsari. Har yanzu ba a sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Yanayi tare da Hukumar Kula da Yankin Turai da Tsaro ta Yankin Turai ba. Matsalar ayyukan smuggling akai-akai a kan iyakar arewa tana buƙatar ƙarin magance ta.

Yanayin tarihi

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Shafin da ke biyowa yana nuna ƙididdigar Arewacin Makidoniya tun 1992 a cikin rahotanni na Freedom in the World, wanda Freedom House ke buga kowace shekara. Matsayi na 1 shine "kyauta"; 7, "ba kyauta ba".[6] 1

Duba kuma

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  • Albanians a Arewacin Makidoniya
  • 'Yan Bulgaria a Arewacin Makidoniya
  • Helenawa a Arewacin Makidoniya
  • Serbiyawa a Arewacin Makidoniya
  • Hakkin LGBT a Arewacin Makidoniya
  • Tsayar da Intanet da sa ido a Arewacin Makidoniya
  • Yarjejeniyar Ohrid
  • Shigar da Arewacin Makidoniya zuwa Tarayyar Turai

Bayani

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1.    Lura cewa "Shekara" tana nufin "Shekarar da aka rufe".  Saboda haka bayanin shekarar da aka yi alama ta 2008 ya fito ne daga rahoton da aka buga a 2009, da sauransu.
2.   ^ Ya zuwa Janairu 1.
3.   ^ Arewacin Makidoniya jamhuriya ce ta majalisa; ana ɗaukar shugabancin a matsayin matsayi na bikin, tare da Firayim Minista da majalisa suna riƙe da mafi yawan ikon majalisa.
4.   ^ A kan jadawalin Freedom House, ana amfani da ƙididdigar kowace ƙasa daga Arewacin Makidoniya ta Koriya ta Arewa ga ƙasar da ke gaba da ita a cikin haruffa, tare da ƙididdiga ta Arewacin Makdoniya (3 don haƙƙin farar hula da siyasa) ana amfani da ita ga Koriya ta Kudu. An lissafa Arewacin Makidoniya kamar yadda ya fara da harafin "M" (kamar yadda yake a cikin "Makidoniya, Arewa"), yayin da Koriya ta Arewa ta lissafa kamar yadda ya kamata ta fara da harafan "N"; saboda haka, kowace ƙasa da ta fara da haruffa "M" da "N" (ban da Norway) suna shafar.

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ "Amnesty International - Summary - Macedonia". Archived from the original on 2007-12-05. Retrieved 2006-04-22.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Human Rights Watch - Campaigns - Conflict in Macedonia
  3. ↑ Human Rights Watch - Macedonia
  4. ↑ "Democracy Index 2020: In sickness and in health?". EIU.com. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  5. ↑ "Democracy Index 2020: In sickness and in health?". RSF.org. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  6. ↑ Freedom House (2022). "Country and Territory Ratings and Statuses, FIW 1973-2022" (XLS). Retrieved 10 March 2022.
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