Addinai a Ghana
 Addini a Ghana | |
|---|---|
religion of an area (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
religion on the Earth (en) |
| Bangare na | Al'adun Ghana |
| Facet of (en) | Ghana |
| Ƙasa | Ghana |
 |
Wannan mukalar bata da Reference (Manazarta) ko daya, ka taimaka ta hanyar samar da Manazarta daga littafi ko yanar gizo, duba wannan shafin domin samun masaniya akan yanda zaka samar da Reference (Manazarta) a cikin wannan mukalar.
 . |
Addinai a Ghana ko a kasar ghana. Kiristanci shine addini mafi girma a Ghana, tare da kusan kashi 71.2% na yawan mutanen Ghana membobin ɗariku daban-daban na addinin kirista har zuwa shekarar 2010. Addinin Ghana a addinance a karon farko na kidayar jama'a a shekarar 1960 yakai 25 bisa dari na musulmai, kashi 23 cikin dari na gargajiya, kashi 41 cikin dari kirista, sauran kuma (kusan kashi 9) wasu. Rushewar yawan mutanen 1960 bisa ga ƙungiyoyin addinin kirista ya nuna cewa kashi 25 cikin ɗari na Furotesta ne (ba Pentikostal); Kashi 13, Roman Katolika; Kashi 2, Furotesta (Pentikostal); da kashi 1, Cocin Afirka Masu zaman kansu. Kidayar jama'a a shekarar 1970 ba ta gabatar da adadi kan abin da ya shafi addini ba.
Haƙuri da addini a Ghana yana da girma sosai. Manyan bukukuwan Kiristimeti na Kirsimeti da Ista an san su a matsayin ranakun hutu. A da, an tsara lokutan hutu a waɗannan lokutan, don haka ya ba wa Kiristocin da sauran waɗanda suke nesa da gida damar ziyartar abokai da dangi a yankunan karkara. Ramadan, watan musulinci na azumi, musulmai a kasar Ghana suna lura da shi kuma ana bikin muhimman al'adun gargajiya. Wadannan bukukuwa sun hada da Adae, wanda ake gabatarwa duk sati biyu, da kuma bukukuwan shekara shekara na Odwira. Har ila yau, akwai ayyukan bikin Apoo na shekara-shekara, wanda shine nau'in Mardi Gras kuma ana gudanar da shi a garuruwa a duk faɗin Ghana.
Babu wata muhimmiyar mahada tsakanin kabilanci da addini a Ghana.
Kasancewar mishan mishan a gabar Ghana ya kasance kwanan wata zuwa na Turawan Fotigal a ƙarni na goma sha biyar. Ya kasance Basel/Presbyterian da Wesleyan/Methodist mishaneri, duk da haka, waɗanda, a ƙarni na sha tara, suka kafa harsashin ginin cocin Kirista a Ghana. Da fara jujjuyawar su a yankin bakin teku a matsayin "wuraren kula da coci" wanda a ciki aka horas da azuzuwan Afirka masu ilimi. Akwai makarantun sakandare a yau, musamman na yara maza da mata, wadanda ke da manufa ko kuma coci-coci. An bude makarantun coci ga kowa tun lokacin da jihar ta dauki nauyin kudi don koyarwa ta yau da kullun a karkashin Dokar Ilimi ta 1960.
Ana wakiltar ɗariku ɗariku daban-daban a Ghana, gami da Ikklesiyoyin bishara da kuma Katolika. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints(LDS Church), ban da ɗakin sujada, yana da haikali a Accra, ɗayan ɗayan gidajen ibada uku na LDS a nahiyar Afirka.
Unungiyar Kiristocin da ke cikin ƙasa ita ce Majalisar Kirista ta Ghana, wacce aka kafa a 1929. Wakilcin Methodist, Anglican, Mennonite, Presbyterian, Evangelical Presbyterian, African Methodist Episcopal Zionist, Christian Methodist, Evangelical Lutheran, da Baptist majami'u, da kuma Society of Friends, majalisa tana aiki azaman hanyar haɗi tare da Majalisar Ikklisiya ta Duniya da sauran ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. Cocin na Adventist Church na bakwai, ba memba na Majalisar Kirista ba, yana da ƙarfi a Ghana. Cocin sun bude firaminista mai zaman kansa da kuma Jami'ar Kirista a Ghana.
National Catholic Secretariat, wanda aka kafa a cikin 1960, kuma yana daidaita daban-daban dioceses na cikin gida. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin Kirista, waɗanda suka fi damuwa da lamuran ruhaniya na ikilisiyoyinsu, a wasu lokuta sukan yi aiki a cikin yanayin da gwamnati ta bayyana da siyasa. Haka lamarin ya kasance a 1991 lokacin da duka taron Bishop-bishop na Katolika da na Ghana Christian Council suka yi kira ga gwamnatin soja ta Provisional National Defence Council (PNDC) don mayar da kasar ga tsarin mulki. Roman Catholic newspaper, The Standard ya kasance mai yawan sukar manufofin gwamnati.
Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2015 ya kiyasta kimanin kiristoci dubu 50 daga asalin musulmai a kasar, dukda cewa ba dukkansu bane yan kasa.
Wani sanannen al'amari tsakanin Krista shine ƙarshen annabce-annabce na shekara da shugabannin addinai. Mabiya galibi suna da sha'awar jin abin da shekara mai zuwa zata kasance. Yawancin waɗannan annabce-annabce suna magana ne a kan mutuwar shahararren mutum ko sakamakon babban zaɓen ƙasa.
Addini na Syncretic[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Haɓakar cocin Apostolic ko Pentikostal a duk faɗin ƙasar wani ɓangare yana nuna tasirin canjin zamantakewar jama'a da yanayin al'adun gargajiya. Wasu cibiyoyin suna da al'ummomin ganga da kungiyoyin rera wakoki da kuma majami'u masu zaman kansu na Afirka da Pentikostal wadanda ke nuna adadi na mambobin da suka tashi daga kashi 1 da 2 bisa dari, a shekarar 1960, zuwa kashi 14 da 8 bisa dari, a bisa kiyasi na shekarar 1985.
Musulunci[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A arewa, Musulunci yana wakilta kuma yaduwar addinin Islama zuwa Dagbon, galibi sakamakon ayyukan kasuwanci ne na Musulmin Arewacin Afirka. Addinin Islama ya shiga cikin yankunan arewacin Ghana na zamani a kusan ƙarni na goma sha biyar. Yan kasuwar Berber da malamai sun dauki addinin zuwa yankin. Mafi yawan musulmai a kasar Ghana sunna ne, suna bin mazhabar Malikiyya ta fikihu.
Wadanda ke bin tsarin Maliki na shari'ar Musulunci da Sufanci, wadanda suka hada da kungiyar 'yan'uwantaka ta asiri (tariq) don tsarkakewa da yada addinin Musulunci, ba su yadu a Ghana ba. 'Yan uwan Tijaniyah da' yan uwan Qadiriyah suna da wakilci. Al’ummar Musulmi ta Ahmadiyya, darikar da ta samo asali daga kasar Indiya a karni na goma sha tara, ita ce kadai tsarin da ba ‘yan Sunna ba a kasar.
Duk da yaduwar addinin Islama a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 1970, Musulmi da Kirista a Ghana suna da kyakkyawar dangantaka. Jagorancin Majalisar Wakilcin Musulmai ya jagoranta, batutuwan addini, zamantakewa, da tattalin arziki da suka shafi musulmai galibi an sasanta su ta hanyar tattaunawa. Majalisar Musulmai ita ma ta dauki nauyin shirya aikin hajji a Makka ga muminai wadanda za su iya biyan kudin tafiyar. Duk da haka, akwai sauran gibi tsakanin Musulmai da Krista a Ghana. Yayin da zamantakewar al'umma a Ghana ta zamanto ta zamani, an toshe musulmai daga shiga cikin tsarin zamani. Wannan galibi saboda samun ayyukan yi yana buƙatar ilimin Yammacin Turai, kuma ana samun wannan ilimin ne kawai a makarantun mishan. Musulmai da yawa sun ji tsoron cewa tura yaransu makarantun mishan na iya haifar da sauya addini.
Addinin gargajiya[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Addinai na gargajiya a Ghana sun riƙe tasirin su saboda alaƙar su da amincin dangi da kuma na gida. Gargajin sararin samaniya yana nuna imani da wani mutum wanda ake kira [Nyogmo-Ga, Mawu -Dangme da Ewe, Nyame-Twi] kuma mafi akasari ana tunaninsa da nesa da rayuwar addini ta yau da kullun kuma saboda haka, ba a bautata kai tsaye.
Har ila yau, akwai ƙananan alloli waɗanda ke karɓar "ikon zama" a cikin rafuka, koguna, bishiyoyi, da duwatsu. Wadannan gumakan gabaɗaya ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin masu shiga tsakanin maɗaukakiyar halitta da al'umma. Hakanan an yarda da kakanni da sauran ruhohi da yawa a matsayin ɓangare na tsarin sararin samaniya. Ana ɗaukar duniyar ruhu da gaske kamar duniyar masu rai. Abubuwan duniya guda biyu na yau da kullun da alaƙa suna da alaƙa ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar haɗin gwiwa da nauyi. Ayyukan masu rai, alal misali, na iya shafar gumakan ko ruhohin waɗanda suka mutu, yayin da goyon bayan magabatan iyali ke tabbatar da ci gaban nasaba ko ƙasa.
Yin ladabi ga kakannin da suka rasu babbar alama ce ta duk addinan gargajiya. An yi imani da cewa kakanni sune alaƙa mafi kusa da duniyar ruhaniya, kuma ana tsammanin su kusa kusa, suna lura da kowane tunani da aikin mai rai. Don tabbatar da cewa an daidaita daidaitaccen yanayi tsakanin duniyar mai tsarki da ta ƙazanta, matsayin dattawan dangi dangane da jinsi tsakanin al'umma suna da mahimmanci. Ayyuka na addini, musamman shugabannin jinsi, ana nuna su a sarari a lokacin irin su Odwira, Homowo, ko Aboakyir, waɗanda aka tsara cikin ayyukan sabuntawa da ƙarfafa dangantaka da kakanni.
Addinin Rastafariyya[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Yunkurin Rastafari motsi ne wanda ya tashi a Jamaica a cikin 1930s. Mabiyanta suna bautar Haile Selassie I, Sarki na Habasha (1930-1974), kamar yadda Allah ya kasance cikin jiki, Zuwan na biyu, ko kuma reincarnation na Yesu. Dangane da imani, Haile Selassie shine na 225 a cikin layin da bai yanke ba na sarakunan Habasha na Daular Solomonic. An ce wannan daular an kafa ta a ƙarni na 10 kafin haihuwar Yesu ta hanyar Menelik I, ɗan Sarki Sulemanu na Littafi Mai-Tsarki da Makeda, Sarauniyar Sheba, waɗanda suka ziyarci Sulemanu a Isra'ila.
Kungiyar Rastafari ta ƙunshi jigogi kamar amfani da wiwi na ruhaniya da ƙin yarda da al'ummomin yamma, waɗanda ake kira 'Babila'. Tana shelar Afirka, wanda kuma aka sani da 'Sihiyona' a matsayin asalin asalin ɗan adam. Wani jigon shine Sarauta, tare da Rastas suna ganin kansu a matsayin masarautun Afirka kuma suna amfani da girmamawa kamar Yarima ko Sarki don ba da suna ga sunayensu.
Da yawa Rastas suna cewa ba "addini" bane kwata-kwata, amma "Hanyar Rayuwa". Rastafari gabaɗaya masu tauhidi ne, suna bautar Allah ɗaya wanda suke kira Jah. Rastas suna ganin Jah kamar yadda yake cikin sifar Triniti Mai Tsarki, ma'ana, Uba, Sona da Ruhu Mai Tsarki. Rastas ya ce Jah, a cikin sifar Ruhu Mai Tsarki, yana zaune a cikin ɗan adam.
Afrocentrism wani bangare ne na al'adun Rastafari. Suna koyar da cewa Afirka, musamman Habasha, shine wurin da za a halicci Sihiyona, ko aljanna. Saboda haka, Rastafari yana daidaita kan al'adun Afirka. Rastafari ya yi riko da cewa muguwar al'umma, ko "Babila", ta kasance mai mamaye da fararen fata, kuma ta aikata irin wannan ta'adi ga mutanen Afirka kamar cinikin bayi na Atlantika. Duk da wannan Ta'addancin da kuma mayar da hankali ga mutanen ƙabilar baƙar fata, mambobin wasu jinsi, gami da fararen fata, waɗanda baƙi suka samu kuma suka yarda da su a cikin motsi, saboda sun yi imanin Rasta na dukkan mutane ne.
Akwai al'ummomin Rasta a duk duniya. A Ghana, musamman a bakin teku, akwai wuraren ibada da yawa na Rastafari. Rungiyar Rasta da ke kusa da Kokrobite sananniya ce a duk ƙasar Ghana. Yawancin bukukuwan kiɗa na Rasta suna faruwa kuma ana siyar da abubuwan Rasta.
Addinin Hindu[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An fara bin addinin Hindu a Ghana tun daga 1970s. Wani Firist na gargajiya wanda aka fi sani da Kwesi Esel ya kafa shi wanda ya yi tafiya zuwa Asiya don neman ikon warkarwa. Addinin Hindu ya yaɗu a Ghana tare da bin ka'idodin gidan ibada na Hindu wanda Ghana ke jagoranta Swami Ghananand Saraswati da Hare Krishnas. Sathya Sai Organisation, Ananda Marga da Brahma Kumaris har ila yau, suna aiki a Ghana. An gina gidajen ibada na Hindu a Accra, akwai kusan mabiya Hindu 25,000 ko kuma kashi 0.1% a cikin ƙasar.
Ofishin Afrikanian[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ofishin Jakadancin Afrikania ƙungiya ce ta gargajiya da aka kafa a Ghana a 1982 ta wani tsohon Firist Katolika, Kwabena Damuah, wanda ya yi murabus daga cocin kuma ya ɗauki matsayin sarakunan gargajiya, Osofo Okomfo. Ofishin Jakadancin na da niyyar gyara da sabunta addinin gargajiya na Afirka, da inganta kishin kasa da Pan-Africanism. Maimakon kasancewa sabon ƙungiyar addini guda ɗaya, Afrikania kuma yana shirya wuraren bautar gargajiya da masu ba da gargajiyar cikin ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ke kawo haɗin kai ga wani tsarin da ya watsu kuma don haka babban murya a fagen jama'a. Afrikania sun kafa taron shekara-shekara don addinin gargajiya.
Ya zama yawun bakin addinin gargajiya a Ghana ta hanyar wallafe-wallafensa, laccoci, taron karawa juna sani, taron manema labarai, da radiyo da talibijin wanda a ciki suke bayar da shawarar komawa ga addini da al'adun gargajiya a matsayin tushen ruhaniya don ci gaban Afirka. Ofishin Jakadancin kuma sanannun sunaye kamar AMEN RA (wanda aka samo daga addinin Masarawa, kuma aka fassara shi da ma'anar 'Cibiyar Allah'), Sankofa bangaskiya (wanda ke nuna komawa ga asalin Afirka don ɗabi'u na ruhaniya da ɗabi'a) da Addinin Godian, wanda ya karɓa a takaice a lokacin da ake hade da Godianism, wata kungiyar cigaban gargajiya ta Najeriya.
Buddha[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A cikin 1998 an buɗe Haikali na farko na Nichiren Shoshu a Afirka a Accra. Ghana tana da Babban Haikali na Nichiren Shoshu a wajen Japan. Haikalin yana kan hanyar Anyaa-Ablekuma a fannin Fan Milk Junction a Accra. Akwai wasu ƙananan wuraren addu'ar Buddha a cikin manyan biranen, kuma tare da buƙata mai dacewa da ƙaramar gudummawa, ana maraba da ku don yin zuzzurfan tunani da waƙa.
Rashin Addini[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Atheism da Agnosticism suna da wahalar aunawa a Ghana.
'Yancin yin addini[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
'Yancin addini na wanzu a Ghana. Wata dokar Addini (Rajista) ta 1989 an zartar da ita a cikin Yunin 1989 don tsara majami'u. Ta hanyar buƙatar takaddar shaida ga dukkan kungiyoyin addinin Kirista da ke aiki a Ghana, gwamnati ta tanadi haƙƙin bincika ayyukan waɗannan ƙungiyoyin tare da ba da umarnin a bincika bayanan kuɗinsu. Majalisar Cocin ta Ghana ta fassara Dokar Hukumomin Addinai da cewa ta saba wa manufar 'yancin yin addini a kasar. A cewar wata sanarwa ta gwamnati, duk da haka, an tsara dokar ne don kare 'yanci da mutuncin kungiyoyin addini na gaskiya ta hanyar fallasawa da kuma kawar da kungiyoyin da aka kafa don cin gajiyar masu imani. PNDC ya soke dokar a ƙarshen 1992. Duk da tanade-tanaden da ta yi, duk ɗariku mabiya addinin kirista na gargajiya da majami'u da yawa na ruhaniya sun ci gaba da aiki a ƙasar.