Allurar rigakafin tarin fuka
 Allurar rigakafin tarin fuka | |
|---|---|
vaccine type (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
bacterial vaccine (en) |
| Vaccine for (en) | Tarin fuka |
allurar rigakafi tarin fuka (TB) allurar rigakafi ce da aka nufa don rigakafin Cutar tarin fuka. Immunotherapy a matsayin kariya daga tarin fuka an fara gabatar da shi ne a cikin 1890 ta hanyar Robert Koch.[1] A yau, kawai allurar rigakafin tarin fuka da ake amfani da ita ita ita ce allurar rigar Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), wanda aka fara amfani da shi akan mutane a shekarar 1921.[2] Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na tarin fuka. Ana ba da shawarar ga jarirai a ƙasashe inda tarin fuka ya zama ruwan dare.
Kusan uku cikin kowane mutane 10,000 da suka yi maganin alurar riga kafi suna fuskantar illa, waɗanda galibi kanana ne sai a cikin mutane masu fama da rashin ƙarfi. Yayin da rigakafin BCG yana ba da ingantaccen kariya ga jarirai da yara ƙanana[3] (ciki har da kariya daga cutar sankarau ta tarin fuka da tarin fuka),[4][5] ingancinsa a cikin manya yana da sauyi,[6] daga 0% zuwa 80%.[6][7] An yi la'akari da yawa masu canji a matsayin alhakin bambancin sakamakon.[4] Bukatar ci gaban rigakafi na tarin fuka ya kasance saboda cutar ta ƙara jure wa ƙwayoyi.[1]
Sauran allurar rigakafin tarin fuka suna cikin matakai daban-daban na ci gaba, gami da:
- MVA85A, Allurar rigakafin kwayar cuta wacce ke amfani da kwayar cutar MVA da aka tsara don bayyana maganin rigakafin tarin fuka a cikin sel masu karɓar bakuncin. Gwaje-gwaje na mutane da dabbobi sun kasance abin takaici.
- rBCG30 wani nau'i ne na allurar rigakafin BCG da aka tsara don bayyana adadi mafi girma na wani antigen. Ya nuna alkawari a cikin gwaje-gwajen dabbobi a cikin 2003 [8] da kuma matakin I na gwajin ɗan adam a cikin 2008.[9]
- MTBVAC, wani nau'i ne na tarin fuka na Myobacterium.[10] An kammala gwajin Mataki na II a cikin 2021 da 2022; gwajin Mataki ya fara ne a cikin 2022 kuma zai gudana har zuwa 2029.[11][12]
- M72/AS01E, wanda ya kunshi sunadarai biyu na tarin fuka tare da adjuvant AS01. An yi niyya ne don hana tarin fuka a cikin mutanen da ke fama da kamuwa da cuta. An kammala gwaje-gwaje na II a cikin 2018 kuma an shirya gwaje-gaje na III.[13]
- GamTBVak, Wani rigakafin rigakafin tarin fuka don rigakafin cutar tarin fuka a cikin manya, wanda ke kan matakin binciken asibiti. Ya ƙunshi Ag85A da ESAT-6-CFP-10 antigens a hade tare da adjuvant. Cibiyar Bincike ta Kasa ta N. F. Gamalei ta Cibiyar Bindindin da Microbiology. Ya zuwa Mayu 2022, ana gudanar da gwaje-gwaje na asibiti na mataki na III, ana kuma buga bayanai game da nazarin matakin I / II a cikin bayanan ClinicalTrials. Wani gwajin asibiti na mataki na I a kan masu sa kai 12 ya tabbatar da aminci da ingancin rigakafin rigakafin.
Sabbin allurar rigakafin Tuberculosis (TBVI) ne ke haɓaka su.
Ci gaban allurar rigakafi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Don inganta ingantaccen gudanarwa na dindindin na annobar tarin fuka, ana buƙatar allurar rigakafi mai inganci.[14] Kodayake Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta amince da kashi ɗaya na BCG, an sake yin allurar rigakafi tare da BCG a mafi yawan, amma ba duk ƙasashe ba.[1][6] Koyaya, ba a nuna ingancin ingancin sassan da yawa ba.[6]
Ci gaban allurar rigakafi yana ci gaba da hanyoyi da yawa: [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida][ana buƙatar hujja]
- Ci gaban sabon allurar rigakafi don maye gurbin BCG
- Ci gaban ƙananan allurar rigakafi ko rigakafi don kara BCG
- Kafin kamuwa da cuta
- Ƙarfafawa zuwa BCG
- Bayan kamuwa da cuta
- Allurar rigakafi
Tun da allurar rigakafin BCG ba ta ba da cikakkiyar kariya daga tarin fuka, an tsara allurar rigakawa don ƙarfafa tasirin BCG. Masana'antar yanzu ta sauya daga haɓaka sabbin hanyoyin, zuwa zaɓar mafi kyawun zaɓuɓɓuka a halin yanzu don ci gaba zuwa gwajin asibiti.[5] MVA85A an bayyana shi a matsayin "mafi ci gaba da 'karfafawa' dan takara" har zuwa yau.[2]
Sauran hanyoyin bayarwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]BCG a halin yanzu ana gudanar da shi a cikin ciki.[2] Don inganta inganci, an ba da umarnin hanyoyin bincike don canza hanyar isar da allurar rigakafi. [ana buƙatar hujja][
Marasa lafiya na iya karɓar MVA85A a cikin ciki ko a matsayin aerosol na baki.[2] Wannan haɗuwa ta musamman ta tabbatar da kariya daga mamayewar mycobacterial a cikin dabbobi, kuma ana jure wa duka hanyoyi biyu sosai.[2] Kayan motsawa a bayan isar da aerosol shine don yin niyya ga huhu da sauri, cikin sauƙi da rashin ciwo ya bambanta da rigakafin intradermal.[7] A cikin nazarin murine, allurar rigakafin intradermal ta haifar da kumburi a wurin allurar yayin da MVA85A bai haifar da mummunan sakamako ba.[2] An sami daidaituwa tsakanin yanayin isar da ingancin kariya ta rigakafi.[7] Bayanan bincike sun nuna cewa isar da aerosol ba kawai yana da fa'idodi na ilimin lissafi da tattalin arziki ba, har ma da yiwuwar kara allurar rigakafin tsarin.[2]
Matsalolin ci gaba
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An jinkirta magani da rigakafin tarin fuka idan aka kwatanta da albarkatun da kokarin bincike da aka sanya a wasu cututtuka. Manyan kamfanonin magunguna ba sa ganin saka hannun jari mai fa'ida saboda haɗin TB tare da kasashe masu tasowa.[4]
Ci gaban ƙirar allurar rigakafi ya dogara sosai da sakamakon a cikin samfuran dabbobi. Misalai masu dacewa na dabbobi ba su da yawa saboda yana da wahala a yi koyi da tarin fuka a cikin jinsunan da ba na mutane ba.[3][4] Har ila yau, yana da ƙalubale a sami nau'in don gwadawa a kan babban sikelin.[3] Yawancin gwaje-gwajen dabbobi don allurar rigakafin tarin fuka an gudanar da su a kan murine, bovine da wadanda ba na primate ba.[3] Wani binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2013 ya yi la'akari da zebrafish a matsayin kwayar halitta mai dacewa don ci gaban allurar rigakafi.[3]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Prabowo, S. et al. "Targeting multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) by therapeutic vaccines." Med Microbiol Immunol 202 (2013): 95–1041. Print.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 White, A. et al. "Evaluation of the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Candidate Tuberculosis Vaccine, MVA85A, Delivered by Aerosol to the Lungs of Macaques." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 20 (2013): 663–672. Print.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Oksanen, K. et al. "An adult zebrafish model for preclinical tuberculosis vaccinedevelopment." Elsevier 31 (2013): 5202–5209. Print.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Hussey, G, T Hawkridge, and W Hanekom. "Childhood Tuberculosis: Old And New Vaccines." Paediatric Respiratory Reviews 8.2 (2007): 148–154. Print.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Verma, Indu, and Ajay Grover. "Antituberculous Vaccine Development: A Perspective For The Endemic World." Expert Review of Vaccines 8.11 (2009): 1547–1553. Print.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Hussey, G, T Hawkridge, and W Hanekom. "Childhood Tuberculosis: Old And New Vaccines." Paediatric Respiratory Reviews 8.2 (2007): 148–154. Print.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Tyne, A. et al. "TLR2-targeted secreted proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis areprotective as powdered pulmonary vaccines." Elsevier 31 (2013): 4322–4329. Print.
- ↑ Horwitz, Marcus A.; Harth, Günter (2003). "A New Vaccine against Tuberculosis Affords Greater Survival after Challenge than the Current Vaccine in the Guinea Pig Model of Pulmonary Tuberculosis". Infection and Immunity. 71 (4): 1672–1679. doi:10.1128/IAI.71.4.1672-1679.2003. ISSN 0019-9567. PMC 152073. PMID 12654780.
- ↑ Hoft, Daniel F.; Blazevic, Azra; Abate, Getahun; Hanekom, Willem A.; Kaplan, Gilla; Soler, Jorge H.; Weichold, Frank; Geiter, Larry; Sadoff, Jerald C.; Horwitz, Marcus A. (2008-11-15). "A new recombinant bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine safely induces significantly enhanced tuberculosis-specific immunity in human volunteers". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 198 (10): 1491–1501. doi:10.1086/592450. ISSN 0022-1899. PMC 2670060. PMID 18808333.
- ↑ Arbuesab, Ainhoa; Aguilo, Juan I.; Gonzalo-Asensio, Jesus; Marinova, Dessislava; Uranga, Santiago; Puentes, Eugenia; Fernandez, Conchita; Parra, Alberto; Cardona, Pere Joan; Vilaplana, Cristina; Ausin, Vicente; Williams, Ann; Clark, Simon; Malaga, Wladimir; Guilhoth, Christophe (1 October 2013). "Construction, characterization and preclinical evaluation of MTBVAC, the first live-attenuated M. tuberculosis-based vaccine to enter clinical trials". Vaccine. 31: 4867–4873. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.07.051. PMID 23965219. S2CID 6225547.
- ↑ Martín, Carlos; Marinova, Dessislava; Aguiló, Nacho; Gonzalo-Asensio, Jesús (2021-12-08). "MTBVAC, a live TB vaccine poised to initiate efficacy trials 100 years after BCG". Vaccine. 100 Years of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccine. 39 (50): 7277–7285. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.06.049. ISSN 0264-410X. PMID 34238608 Check
|pmid=value (help). S2CID 235777018 Check|s2cid=value (help). - ↑ "NCT04975178". www.clinicaltrials.gov. Retrieved 2023-10-27.
- ↑ Tozer, Lilly (2023-06-28). "Promising tuberculosis vaccine gets US$550-million shot in the arm". Nature (in Turanci). doi:10.1038/d41586-023-02171-x. PMID 37380847 Check
|pmid=value (help). S2CID 259285120 Check|s2cid=value (help). - ↑ Tameris, M. et al. "Safety and efficacy of MVA85A, a new tuberculosis vaccine, in infants previously vaccinated with BCG: a randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial." Lancet 381 (2013): 1021–1028. Print.