Bikin Adae Kese
 | |
| Iri | biki |
|---|---|
| Wuri |
Kumasi Yankin Ashanti, Yankin Ashanti |
| Ƙasa | Ghana |
| Nahiya | Afirka |
Bikin Adae Kese (babban wurin hutawa) muhimmin biki ne duk da cewa ba kasafai ake samun irin sa ba tsakanin mutanen Ashanti a Ghana. Akwai kuma manyan lokutta biyu na wannan bikin. 1 Shi ne awukudae da akwadidae[1][2][3] Yana ɗaukaka nasarorin masarautar Asante.[4][5] An fara yin bikin ne don samun nasarar mulkin jama'a, bayan yaƙin da Ashantis ta samu 'yancin kai, a Yaƙin Feyiase wanda suka yi yaƙi da mutanen Denkyira.[1] Haka nan shi ne lokacin da ake yin bikin tsarkake Odwira a wuraren ibada na ruhohin kakanni. Gaba ɗaya, wannan ya yi daidai da lokacin girbin doya kuma saboda haka Turawa suka kira wannan al'ada "al'adan Doya".[6] Ana yin bikin kowane sati biyu da mutane bisa ga kalandar Akans dangane da zagayowar kwanaki arba'in da biyu da watanni tara a kalandarsu.[1] Galibi ana gudanar da wannan biki don bukukuwan ƙarshe na takamaiman nasarori da muhimman al'amuran mutanen masarautar Ashanti.[1] Bikin ranar hutu ce don haka an hana yin aiki a ranar.[3]
Kiyayewa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Shi ne bikin ƙarshen shekara na kalandar Akan. Bikin Adae na tara (wanda ke faruwa kowane mako shida). Adae Kese yana shigo da Sabuwar Shekara, tare da ranakun tsakanin watan Yuli zuwa Oktoba, kodayake wasu Akans kamar Akim, Akwamu, da Ashanti suna bikin Sabuwar Shekara a cikin Janairu. Ana kuma yin bikin a Fadar Manhyia. Ya ƙumshi abubuwan ibada waɗanda ke da nufin tsarkake ruhun dakunan gidan sarki daga membobin gidan sarauta da sauran manyan mutane.
Tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Al'adar gudanar da wannan biki ta shahara tsakanin 1697 zuwa 1699 lokacin da aka sami mulkin ƙasa ga mutanen Ashante bayan yakin neman 'yancin kai, Yaƙin Feyiase, a kan Denkyira.[2] An lura da bikin daga baya har zuwa lokacin da aka kafa Stool na Zinariya (kursiyin) a cikin 1700. Bikin ya kasance lokacin keɓe ragowar sarakunan da suka mutu. An ajiye gawawwakin a cikin kabarin da aka binne Bantama, wani yanki na masarautar Kumasi. Adae Kese ya kawo hanyar haɗi da matakin ban gaskiya da haɗin kai tsakanin rayayyu da ruhohin kakanni. A farkon zamaninsa, wannan biki yana da fa'ida ta sadaukarwa, ta mutum da dabba. Da farko ana yin babban bikin ne a Hemmaa, kusa da fadar sarki kusa da wurin da kakannin kakanni na sarakuna. An yi kashi na biyu kuma mafi mahimmancin bikin a Bantama, wanda kuma shi ne makabartar ƙarshe ta sarakunan Asante, kuma an san shi da "sanannen al'adar Bantama" saboda sadaukarwar da aka yi ta kasance babba. Lokacin da aka sanar da bikin, ta hanyar buga ganguna, mutane sun buya don tsoron kada a zaɓe su don sadaukar da ɗan adam. A matsayin wani ɓangare na al'ada, hadayar tumaki ma ta kasance. Ko sadaukarwar ɗan adam ta kasance ko ba ta kasance batun muhawara ba, amma gaskiyar ita ce al'ummomin Afirka sun ɗauki waɗannan bukukuwan a matsayin "haɗuwa tsakanin masu rai da matattu."[7]
Al'adu[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Bikin Adae Kese yana biye da al'adu iri ɗaya kamar na Adae, duk da haka, bambanci a cikin bukukuwan shi ne babban yana ɗaukar tumaki don yin hadaya ga Stool.[8] Ana yin bikin tsarkake Odwira yayin Adae Kese a wuraren ibada na ruhohin kakanni. Gaba ɗaya, wannan ya yi daidai da lokacin girbin doya, don haka ne ma Turawa suka kira wannan al'adar ta doya.[8] Ana yin bikin a wannan kakar don gode wa alloli da kakanni don girbi mai kyau. Haka nan ana amfani da lokacin don fitar da sabuwar doya.
Kowace shekara biyar, babban mai mulkin Asante ne ke karɓar bakuncin Bikin Adae Kese wanda ke ɗaukar makonni biyu ana yinsa.[9] A matsayin biki na jihar, ya ƙunshi ƙauyuka da garuruwa da yawa, a cikin yankin gargajiya da aka sani da Odwira,[5] yana haɗa Ashanti daga kowane fanni na rayuwa (Odwira yana nufin tsarkakewa), wanda ke halarta kuma ya rungumi bikin.[2] Asantehene, mai sarautar Kumasi, yana riƙe da sarauniyar sarauniya da sarauniyarsu a wannan lokacin lokacin da dukkansu suka fito cikin cikakken tsari. Rawa da bugun ganguna wani bangare ne na wasan kwaikwayo. Bikin kuma shi ne lokacin da mutane ke ba da tabbacin amincewarsu ga sarkin Ashante na yanzu. Wasu daga cikin mutanen da suka cancanta ana ba su lambobin yabo a wannan ranar aukuwa. Har ila yau, sarkin yana yin biki mai zaman kansa a cikin ɗakunan fadarsa tare da waɗanda aka keɓe na gidan sarauta da sauran jami'ai.[4]
Sharhi kan kalangu Mai Magana[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Daga cikin sauran ayyukan da ke faruwa a ranar bikin, ana ɗaukar sarkin ta cikin titunan Kumasi cikin jerin gwano.[10] Robert Sutherland Rattray ne ya rubuta sigar da ke tafe na bugun a 1923:
"Oh, Mai Ruwan Allah,
Da kyar na farka na tashi.
Ni, mai bugun sarkin masara ta Ashanti,
Da kyar nake farkawa.
Na sanya kaina in tashi,
"Oh, Mai Ruwan Allah,
Da kyar na farka na tashi.
Ni, mai bugun sarkin masara ta Ashanti,
Da kyar nake farkawa.
Na sanya kaina in tashi,
Da wuri sosai,
Suna magana da ni kuma zan fahimta.
Akwai fadama, fadama, fadama,
Wanda zai iya hadiye giwa.
Kogi na iya zama ƙarami a cikin kwarin
Tsakanin manyan tsaunuka.
Amma yana gudana har abada abadin.
Idan kun tafi wani wuri kuma ina kiran ku (ruhun giwa)[10]
Ku zo.
Tsuntsu ya yi cara da safe,
Tsuntsu ya farka ya yi cara,
Da wuri sosai,
Suna magana da ni kuma zan fahimta.[10]
Na kwanta, amma ban ji bacci ba,
Na kwanta amma idanuna basu rufe ba,
Ga agogo uku na dare.
Ina tunanin abokaina da suka bar ni suna barci,
Amoafo-Awuku-Zakara-tsohon-tsuntsu wanda kasusuwansa suka yi ƙarfi.
Tsuntsu, barka da safiya, barka da safiya.
Tsuntsu ya yi cara da safe,
Tsuntsu ya farka ya yi cara,
Da wuri sosai,
Suna magana da ni kuma zan fahimta.[10]
Sama tana da fadi, fadi, fadi,
Duniya tana da fadi, fadi, fadi,
An ɗaga sama,
An saita ɗayan,
A zamanin d, a, tuntuni, tuntuni.[10]
Allah Maɗaukaki, wanda mutane ba su dogara gare shi, ba su faɗuwa a kansa,
Muna yi muku hidima.
Lokacin da Ubangiji Allah ya nuna muku wani abu
Da fatan za ku amfana da shi.
Idan muna son 'fari' za mu samu,
Idan muna son 'ja' za mu samu.
Shi wanda muka dogara kuma ba mu fadowa,
Allah, barka da safiya.
Kai wanda muke bautawa a ranar Asabar,
Barka da safiya,
Tsuntsu ya yi cara da safe,
Tsuntsu ya farka ya yi cara,
Da wuri sosai,
Suna magana da ni kuma zan fahimta.[10]
Ruwa ya tsallaka hanya,
Rantsuwa ta haye rafi;
Wane ne babba a cikinsu?
Shin ba mu yanke hanyar da za mu hadu da wannan rafi ba?
Kogin ya samo asali tun da daɗewa,
Kogin ya samo asali ne daga Mahalicci.
Ya halicci abubuwa,
Tano mai tsarki, mai tsabta (yana nufin babban allahn Ashantis)[10]
Zo nan, Tano;
Yana cin raguna,
Ta, mai girma, mai ƙarfi
Wanda muke bautawa ranar Litinin.[10]
Yana zuwa, yana zuwa,
A hankali kadan, a hankali, a hankali,
Yi hankali kada ku yi tuntuɓe,
A hankali kadan, a hankali, a hankali.
Za ku zo ku zauna,
Cif, za ka zo ka zauna.
Kon! Kon! Kon!
Babban mutum, ɗan Osai, ya zauna.
Sarki ya zauna
Wanda ya ruguza garuruwa ya zauna,
Wanda ba ya gafartawa,
Ya ɗauki kujera ya zauna."[10]
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 WhiteOrange. "Adae Kese Festival". Ghana Tourism Authourity (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2019-12-26. Retrieved 2019-12-26.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 WhiteOrange. "Adae Kese Festival". Ghana Tourism Authourity (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2019-12-26. Retrieved 2020-01-20.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Adae | Akan festival". Encyclopedia Britannica (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-01-20.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Adae Kese Festival". Official web site of Ghana.Travel Corporation. Archived from the original on 27 December 2011. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "African Festivals: Adae Kese". African. Net. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
- ↑ Roy 2005, p. 42.
- ↑ Agorsah 2010, pp. 42-43.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Roy 2005, p. 2.
- ↑ Asante, Molefi Kete; Mazama, Ama (26 November 2008). Encyclopedias of African Religion. SAGE. pp. 36–. ISBN 978-1-4129-3636-1. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 "The Adae Kese Festival". africanpoems.net. Retrieved 2020-01-20.