Bond na 1844

Bond na 1844 yarjejeniya ce da aka sanya hannu tsakanin wasu sarakunan Fante da gwamnatin Burtaniya. An sanya hannu a kan 6th Maris 1844 a Ghana, wanda a lokacin ake kira Kogin Zinariya.

Ya fayyace dangantaka tsakanin Birtaniyya da sarakunan yankin waɗanda sune manyan ɓangarorin yarjejeniyar. Birtaniyyawan ta kalli yarjejeniyar a matsayin fahimta don shiga cikin aikin tabbatar da adalci da aiwatar da dokokinsu a cikin kananan hukumomin amma shugabannin yankin na ganin yarjejeniyar a matsayin kwangilar soja da ta tsaro kawai.

An sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar a Fomena -Adansi, wanda ya ba Burtaniya damar amfani da ikon shari'a daga kotunan Afirka.

Tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kusan kusan ƙarni uku sha'awar Turai game da gabar Yammacin Afirka galibi kasuwanci ne. Turawan Ingila wadanda suka kasance a gabar Ghana tun daga 1555 sun sadaukar da shekaru 175 na farko wajen gina cibiyoyin kasuwancin su da kasuwancin su, wanda hakika ya hada da cinikin bayi, tare da mutanen yankin. Wannan ya haifar da haɓakar manyan indan asalin ƙasar guda biyu masu ƙarfi, Fantes waɗanda suke bakin teku da kuma Asantes a cikin dajin da ke kusa.

Hadadden Fantes ya mallaki hanyoyin kasuwanci zuwa teku kuma ayyukan kasuwanci tare da wadannan hanyoyin sun kasance bisa sharuddansu. Har ila yau, Asantes sun sami ikon mallakar zinariya da bayi zuwa kasuwannin bakin teku. Rarraba kayan shigo da Turai da suka karɓa ta hanyar musayar suma Asantes ne ke sarrafa su.

Yayin da masarautar Asante ta haɓaka cikin wadata da tasiri, sai suka nemi kawar da mutanen tsakiya (Fantes) daga sarkar wadata. Wannan ya haifar da rikici na tsawon lokaci tsakanin kabilun biyu.

A cikin 1755, Asantehene, sarkin Asantes, wanda a lokacin shine Osei Bonsu ya fara shirin yaƙi da Fantes. Duk da haka ya mutu kafin a kammala shirye-shirye. Takaddama ta tsawon shekaru ashirin ta biyo bayan wannan amma daga ƙarshe Osei Kojo ya zama shugaban Asantes kuma ya kai jerin hare-hare akan Fantes.

A farkon 1806, an sadu da babban rundunar Fante kuma Asantes sun ci nasara a kansa. Sannan Asantes zasu sami iko akan wasu jihohin Fante.

Rikicin siyasa a cikin Kogin Zinariya ya sa Burtaniya ta soke cinikin bayi a 1807 kuma wannan ya sami martani mara kyau daga Asantes saboda wannan kasuwancin shine babban dalilin yaƙar Fantes.

Ya haifar da babban tashin hankali a cikin dangantakar Anglo-Asante kuma duk ƙoƙarin da aka yi na zaman lafiya bai yi nasara ba. Babban sakamakon shi ne cewa Asantehene ya umarci 'yan kasuwar Asante da kada su ziyarci kagarai a Cape Coast mallakar mallakar Burtaniya amma su yi ma'amala da Dutch da Danes kawai.

Wannan ya sa Burtaniya ta kara nuna damuwa kan 'yan kasuwar ta da ke gabar teku da kabilun da ke gabar teku daga hare-haren Asantes.

Wani kwamiti da aka zaba na Birtaniyya ya ba da shawarar cewa akwai bukatar a samar da matakai don tabbatar da lafiyar mutanensu kuma dole ne a nada sabon gwamna da kambin Burtaniya. An kuma yanke shawarar cewa ya kamata a kafa wani nau'i na gwamnati a kan kagara. Ba da daɗewa ba aka sanya ƙauyukan Kogin Zinariya ƙarƙashin gwamnan Saliyo, Sir Charles Macarthy a 1821. Ya iso gabar tekun Kogin Zinariya a 1822.

Ya gaji alama mai ƙarfi na yaƙi da Asantes amma ya ɗauka cewa ya zama rigima ce ta cikin gida wacce ba za ta iya yin tasiri a kan Turawan Ingila ba. Ya fara manufofi marasa dadi ga Asantes wadanda suka hada da tilasta musu su saki Fantes din da suka yi garkuwa da su, mai yiwuwa Asantes ya nemi daukar fansa daga baya.

Sojojin Asante sun yi kudu a farkon 1824 kuma a ranar 21 ga Janairu, sun haɗu kuma suka kayar da ƙaramin ƙarfi ƙarƙashin Sir Charles Macarthy da kansa a Adamanso. An kashe Sir Charles Macarthy a cikin aiki.

Bayan wannan lamarin, Turawan Burtaniya sun yanke shawarar kare kagaransu da 'yan kasuwar su kuma bar mazauna yankin da abin da suke so yayin da Asantes ke ci gaba da yakar Fantes.

Amma a karkashin Laftanar-Kanar Purdon, Turawan Burtaniya tare da gudummawar shugabannin gabas, sun sami gagarumar nasara a kan Asante a Katamanso a ranar 7 ga Agusta, 1826. Wannan yakin za a kira shi yakin Katamanso.

Bayan wannan, Turawan Ingila sun yi kokarin kawo zaman lafiya tsakanin Asantes da Fantes amma kawancen shugabannin gabar teku ba sa son tattaunawa.

'Yan kasuwar Burtaniya sai suka kafa ƙungiya ko ƙungiya don kare kansu da maslaharsu. Wannan ya haifar da kwamiti da ya tura Gwamna George Maclean a cikin 1830. Zuwa 15 ga Fabrairu, George Maclean ya hau kan mukamin shugaban majalissar 'Yan Kasuwa a Cape Coast.

Babban aikinsa shi ne tabbatar da zaman lafiya tsakanin Turawan Ingila da Asantes da Fantes da Asantes. Ya sami damar haɓaka kyakkyawar dangantaka tare da ɓangarorin biyu kuma daga ƙarshe ya sami nasarar kawo zaman lafiya tsakanin dukkan ɓangarorin a shekara ta 1831.

Wannan ya haifar da fadada kasuwanci da tasirin Birtaniyya.

Zaman lafiya tare da Asantes ya kuma yi daidai da aikin mishaneri, wanda ya haifar da gina makarantu musamman a bakin teku. A fagen siyasa, gwamnatin Burtaniya ta yi amfani da damar don sanya hannu kan tsarin siyasa wanda ya ba da kariyar Burtaniya ga ƙungiyar sanya hannu ta Fante a cikin 1844. Wannan za'a san shi da Bond na 1844. Yawancin bangarorin Akyem Kotoku, da Wassaw, da Agona sun kuma sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar kafin shekara ta 1849. Lambobin jihohin da ke bin yarjejeniyar a cikin jihohin bakin teku sun karu a 1850.

Shugabanni takwas (8) na farko da suka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Cudjoe Chibboe(Kwadwo Tsibu), Sarkin Denkyira
Quashie Ottoo, (Kwasi Otu), Shugaban Abrah
Chibboe Coomah( Tsibu Kuma) Shugaban Assin
Gebre,(Gyebi) shugaba na biyu na Assin
Quashie Ankah (Kwasi Ankra) Shugaban Donadie
Awoossie (Ewusi) shugaban Domonassie
Amonoo shugaban Anamabo
Joe Aggrey shugaban Cape Coast

Muhimmanci[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

1. Kariya ga mutane da dukiya.

2.Ya kawo Kogin Zinariya a ƙarƙashin mulkin mallakar Birtaniyya bisa ƙa'ida.

3. Ya dakatar da ayyukan rashin mutuntaka kamar sadaukar da kai na mutum, "Panyarring" - al'adar kame mutane har sai an biya bashin ko satar masu garkuwar bashi.

4. Gabatar da tsarin kotun shari'a da manyan laifuka ya kamata jami'an shari'a na Burtaniya su gwada shi tare da shugabannin da ke haɗa al'adun al'umma zuwa ƙa'idodin dokokin Burtaniya gaba ɗaya.