Chimantá Massif
| Chimantá Massif | |
|---|---|
| General information | |
Height above mean sea level (en)  | 2,698 m |
| Labarin ƙasa | |
 | |
| Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa | 5°15′48″N 62°08′52″W / 5.2633°N 62.1478°W |
| Kasa | Venezuela |
| Territory |
Bolívar (en) |
Massim ɗin Chimantá Massif ƙungiya ce mai rarrafe sosai a jihar Bolívar , Venezuela . Massif ta ƙunshi kusan tepuis guda 11 [1] kuma yana da jimlar yankin taro na 615 square kilometres (237 sq mi) da kuma kimantawar gangaren yanki na 915 square kilometres (353 sq mi) . [2] Río Tírica ya kasu kashi biyu, sashin arewa ya fi girma kuma ya fi girma. Massif ya shahara saboda ɗimbin ɗimbin ɗimbin nau'insa da nau'ikan nau'ikan mazaunin sa. [2] Ya kai tsayin mita 2,698 metres (8,852 ft) [3] akan mafi girman ganiyarsa, Murey-tepui (wanda kuma aka sani da Eruoda-tepui ). [2] Masallacin yana nan gaba ɗaya a cikin iyakokin Canaima National Park . Tana ɗaukar manyan tsarin kogo, gami da babban kogon ma'adini mafi girma a duniya, Cueva Charles Brewer, mai suna bayan mai binciken Charles Brewer-Carías . [4] [5] [6] Hanyoyin da ke bayan speleogenesis su ne batun wasu muhawara. [7] [8] [9]
Wani lokaci ana ganin kololuwar kudancin Angasima-tepui da Upuigma-tepui wani ɓangare na Chimantá Massif.
Tafi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An jera manyan tepuis na arewacin da kudancin Chimantá Massif a ƙasa. Masu daidaitawa da aka bayar sun yi dai-dai da maƙasudin tsakiyar cibiyar tepui plateaus. Sai dai in an nuna ba haka ba, duk bayanan da ke cikin allunan an samo su ne daga Flora na Guayana na Venezuelan . [2]
Ƙungiyar Arewa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Suna | Masu daidaitawa | Matsayi mafi girma | Yankin taron koli |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abacapá-tepui | 05°11′04″N 62°17′51″W / 5.18444°N 62.29750°W | 2,400 metres (7,900 ft) | 28.13 square kilometres (10.86 sq mi) |
| Agparamán-tepui | 05°14′50″N 62°12′29″W / 5.24722°N 62.20806°W | 2,400 metres (7,900 ft) | 22.5 square kilometres (8.7 sq mi) |
| Aikace-aikace | 05°19′12″N 62°13′43″W / 5.32000°N 62.22861°W | 2,450 metres (8,040 ft) | 173.12 square kilometres (66.84 sq mi) |
| Chimantá-tepui | 05°16′37″N 62°07′52″W / 5.27694°N 62.13111°W | 2,550 metres (8,370 ft) | 93.75 square kilometres (36.20 sq mi) |
| Murey-tepui | 05°22′36″N 62°05′36″W / 5.37667°N 62.09333°W | 2,698 metres (8,852 ft) [3] | 51.25 square kilometres (19.79 sq mi) |
| Tirepón-tepui | 05°22′04″N 62°01′12″W / 5.36778°N 62.02000°W | ± 2,600 metres (8,500 ft) | 8.75 square kilometres (3.38 sq mi) |
| Toronó-tepui | 05°12′42″N 62°10′33″W / 5.21167°N 62.17583°W | 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) | 59.38 square kilometres (22.93 sq mi) |
Ƙarin tudun ƙasa, Sarvén-tepui, na iya bambanta zuwa gabashin Chimantá-tepui (05°17′55″N 62°04′17″W / 5.29861°N 62.07139°W ). [2]
Ƙungiyar kudanci[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Suna | Masu daidaitawa | Matsayi mafi girma | Yankin taron koli |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acopán-tepui | 05°10′55″N 62°02′42″W / 5.18194°N 62.04500°W | 2,200 metres (7,200 ft) | 92.5 square kilometres (35.7 sq mi) |
| Amurí-tepui | 05°08′57″N 62°07′16″W / 5.14917°N 62.12111°W | 2,200 metres (7,200 ft) | 36.88 square kilometres (14.24 sq mi) |
| Churi-tepui | 05°15′12″N 62°00′41″W / 5.25333°N 62.01139°W | 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) | 47.5 square kilometres (18.3 sq mi) |
Duba kuma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Chimantaea
- Rarraba <i id="mwwQ">Heliamphora</i>
- <i id="mwxA">Heliamphora</i> sp. 'Akopán Tepui'
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Briceño, H., C. Schubert & J. Paolini (1990). Table-mountain geology and surficial geochemistry: Chimantá Massif, Venezuelan Guayana Shield. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 3(4): 179–194. doi:10.1016/0895-9811(90)90002-I
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Huber, O. (1995). Geographical and physical features. In: P.E. Berry, B.K. Holst & K. Yatskievych (eds.) Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Volume 1. Introduction. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. pp. 1–61.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Nogué, S., V. Rull, E. Montoya, O. Huber & T. Vegas-Vilarrúbia (October 2009). Paleoecology of the Guayana Highlands (northern South America): Holocene pollen record from the Eruoda-tepui, in the Chimantá massif. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 281(1–2): 165–173. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.07.019
- ↑ Aubrecht, R., C. Brewer-Carías, B. Šmída, M. Audy & Ľ. Kováčik (30 January 2008). Anatomy of biologically mediated opal speleothems in the world's largest sandstone cave: Cueva Charles Brewer, Chimantá Plateau, Venezuela. Sedimentary Geology 203(3–4): 181–195. doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.10.005
- ↑ (in Spanish) Brewer-Carías, C. (2011). El Sistema Charles Brewer: la cueva de cuarcita más grande del mundo. Río Verde 4: 67–84.
- ↑ (in Spanish) Brewer-Carías, C. (2010). El origen de los tepuyes: los hijos de las estrellas. Río Verde 3: 54–69.
- ↑ Aubrecht, R., T. Lánczos, M. Gregor, J. Schlögl, B. Šmída, P. Liščák, C. Brewer-Carías & L. Vlček (15 September 2011). Sandstone caves on Venezuelan tepuis: return to pseudokarst? Geomorphology 132(3–4): 351–365. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.05.023
- ↑ Sauro, F., L. Piccini, M. Mecchia & J. De Waele (2013). Comment on "Sandstone caves on Venezuelan tepuis: return to pseudokarst?" by R. Aubrecht, T. Lánczos, M. Gregor, J. Schlögl, B. Smída, P. Liscák, Ch. Brewer-Carías, L. Vlcek, Geomorphology 132 (2011), 351–365. Geomorphology, published online on 29 November 2012. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.11.015
- ↑ Aubrecht, R., T. Lánczos, M. Gregor, J. Schlögl, B. Šmída, P. Liščák, C. Brewer-Carías & L. Vlček (2013). Reply to the comment on "Sandstone caves on Venezuelan tepuis: return to pseudokarst?". Geomorphology, published online on 30 November 2012. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.11.017