Dakaka harshe
Daakaka [ndaːkaka] (wanda aka fi sani da Dakaka, Kudancin Ambrym da Baiap) yare ne na Ambrym, Vanuatu. Kimanin masu magana dubu ɗaya ne ke magana da shi a kusurwar kudu maso yammacin tsibirin.
Rayuwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Y[1] yara a yankin har yanzu suna samun Daakaka a matsayin yare na farko, amma yana cikin barazana ta hanyar manyan canje-canje na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da kuma amfani da harsunan hukuma na Vanuatu, Bislama, Turanci da Faransanci, a ilimi da kuma a cikin mahallin hukuma.
Fasahar sauti[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
The system of consonantal phonemes is fairly typical for the region. Voiced stops are prenasalized. The difference between bilabial consonants with and without a labio-velar release is relevant only before front vowels.
Labio-velar | Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | mʷ | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | ||
Stop | voiceless | pʷ | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | |
prenasalized | ᵐbʷ | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᵑɡ | ||
Fricative | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | ||||
Trill | Template:IPA link | |||||
Approximant | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link |
Vowels[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
There are seven phonemically distinct vowel qualities, with one long and one short vowel phoneme for each variety, plus a marginally phonemic Template:Schwa [ə]. The distinction between mid and open-mid vowels is only phonemic after alveolar consonants, as in tee [tɛː] "axe" vs. téé [teː] "see".
A gaba | Tsakiya | Komawa | |
---|---|---|---|
Kusa | i, iː | u, uː | |
Tsakanin | e, eː | (ə) | o, oː |
Bude-tsakiya | ɛ, ɛː | ɔ, ɔː | |
Bude | a, aː |
Darussan kalmomi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Manyan kalmomi guda huɗu sune sunaye, aikatau, adjectives da adverbs. Ana i amfani da kalmomi kawai a matsayin jayayya, kawai za'a iya amfani da aikatau da wasu adjectives a matsayin maganganu ba tare da copula i ba, kawai za a iya amfani da adjectives azaman halayen sunaye ba tare da ƙarin gyare-gyare ba. Abubuwa biyu mafi girma da suka fi girma sune sunaye da aikatau.
Sunaye[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Akwai nau'o'i uku na sunaye. Ba rukuni ya ƙunshi 'sunayen janar' kamar su em "gida" ko myaop "dutse"; ya bambanta da sauran nau'o'i biyu, waɗannan sunayen ba sa buƙatar ƙayyade mai mallaka, ba za a iya juyawa su ba kuma ba za a bi su kai tsaye da wani kalma ba. 'Sunayen da aka karkatar' koyaushe suna nuna mai su ta hanyar ƙididdigar mutum: Sunayen da ba su da alaƙa ko kuma suna ƙayyade mai mallakar da ba za a iya cirewa ba, amma wannan mai mallakar an ba shi ta hanyar kalma mai zuwa, ba ta hanyar ƙarshen juyawa ba. Sanannun, tabbatacce, waɗanda ba mutane ba za a iya nuna su ta hanyar -sye ko allomorph -tye:
- ↑ Unless indicated otherwise, all information comes from von Prince (2012).