Dam ɗin Theewaterskloof
| Dam ɗin Theewaterskloof | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Wuri | |
| Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Afirka ta kudu |
Province of South Africa (en)  | Western Cape (en) |
| Coordinates | 34°05′S 19°17′E / 34.08°S 19.29°E |
 | |
| Karatun Gine-gine | |
| Tsawo | 38 m |
| Giciye |
Sonderend River (en) |
| Service entry (en) | 1978 |
|
| |
Dam din Theewaterskloof wani dam ne mai cike da kasa wanda ke kan kogin Sonderend kusa da Villiersdorp, Western Cape, Afirka ta Kudu . Gudanarwa yana cikin gundumar Theewaterskloof . An kafa shi a cikin 1978 kuma shi ne mafi girma dam a cikin Western Cape Water Supply System tare da damar 480 miliyan cubic mita, game da 41% na ikon ajiyar ruwa samuwa ga Cape Town, wanda ke da sama da mutane miliyan 4. [1] Dam din dai ya fi yin amfani da kananan hukumomi da masana'antu da kuma ayyukan ban ruwa. An sanya yuwuwar haɗarin dam ɗin a matsayi babba (3).[2]
Yanayin Dam[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Katangar da ke cike da ƙasa ta Theewaterskloof Dam tana da 646 metres (2,119 ft) tsayi da 35 metres (115 ft) babba.[2] Hasumiya mai shiga da mashigar ruwa ta bango tana ba da damar sakin ruwa a cikin Kogin Sonderend . Titin malalar na iya ɗaukar matsakaicin ambaliyar 394 cubic metres per second (13,900 cu ft/s) .[3] Hasumiyar shayarwa ta Charmaine tana jawo ruwa daga tafki zuwa cikin Ramin Franschhoek, wanda ke kai shi ƙarƙashin tsaunin Franschhoek zuwa mashigar ruwan Berg kuma daga ƙarshe zuwa cikin ruwan Cape Town. A cikin hunturu rami na iya yin aiki a baya, yana isar da rarar ruwa daga kogin Berg zuwa Theewaterskloof. [3] Wani ƙarin hasumiya mai ɗaukar ruwa yana ba da ruwa ga hukumar ban ruwa ta Vyeboom don ban ruwa na wuraren da ke kusa da dam.
Ƙuntataccen ruwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
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Ruwan sama na ƙasa-matsakaici tun daga 2015 ya ga matakin ruwan Theewaterskloof ya ragu zuwa matakai masu mahimmanci. Birnin Cape Town ne ya sanya takunkumin hana ruwa a cikin 2016 don cimma burin ruwa na lita miliyan 600 a kowace rana, [4] tare da mazaunan iyakance ga lita 100 na ruwa kowace rana da kuma hana wanke mota, shayar da lambuna da haɓaka sama. wuraren ninkaya da ruwan birni.
A ƙarshen lokacin rani na 2017, Theewaterskloof ya ƙi zuwa matakin 12.9%, tare da 10% na ƙarshe ba zai iya isa ba. Wata guguwa a watan Yunin 2017 ta kawo ruwan sama mai yawa, wanda ya karu zuwa kashi 15 cikin dari, amma gaba daya ruwan sama a shekarar 2017 ya ragu sosai. Hotunan kafofin watsa labarai na raguwar matakin dam ya haifar da mahimmancin kiyaye ruwa.[5]An ƙara hana ruwa a cikin Cape Town daga mataki na 4 zuwa mataki na 4b a ranar 1 ga Yuli 2017, wanda ya iyakance amfani da ruwa zuwa lita 87 na ruwa ga kowane mutum a kowace rana. Ruwan sama a cikin 2017 ya kasance ƙasa da matsakaici, kuma a farkon 2018 dam ɗin ya sake kusantowa da ƙarancin ƙasa, wanda ya haifar da iyakancewar amfani da ruwa zuwa lita 50 kawai ga kowane mutum a kowace rana, kuma yana shirin yuwuwar "Day Zero" a cikin Afrilu 2018 lokacin da Cape An yi hasashen za a rufe ruwan sha na karamar hukumar.
Sakamakon ruwan sama mai kyau a cikin lokacin sanyi na 2019 da 2020, matakin ruwan Theewaterskloof ya kai 100% a cikin Oktoba 2020.[6]
Ruwan sama da iya aiki[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Dam din Theewaterskloof yana da karfin 480,406 megalitres (16,965.4×106 cu ft) . na ruwa, kuma idan ta cika tafkin ya cika 5,059 hectares (12,500 acres) . Yankin magudanar ruwa na 500 square kilometres (190 sq mi) ana amfani da shi ta rafukan da ke fitowa a cikin kewayon tsaunin Hottentots Holland. Wannan yanki yana da matsakaita na dogon lokaci na kwanaki 69 tare da hazo a kowace shekara[7]. Bayan tarihi[8]sun nuna cewa muna cikin lokacin bushewa [9] 1mm na ruwan sama a kowace murabba'in mita yayi daidai da 500 000 000 da ke fadowa a wannan yanki. Don haka yana buƙatar cikakken ruwan sama da mita 100 tare da zubar da ruwa 100% don cika dam ɗin daga komai, wanda da wuya ya faru a kowace shekara. Ana ɗaukar ƴan kwanaki kafin duk wani ruwan da ya gudu ya isa madatsar ruwan. Haɓaka da yadda ƙasa ta cika tana shafar adadin ruwan da ke isa dam ɗin. Matsakaicin adadin tsakanin 9% zuwa 15% ana amfani dashi don daidaita dabi'u a kan ƙazantar ƙashi da shayar ƙasa. Dam mai zurfi yana da ƙarancin ƙashin ruwa saboda ƙarancin ƙasa a kowane girma.
Abubuwan zamantakewa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Dam din Theewaterskloof kuma shine gidan bikin kidan na Synergy Live na shekara-shekara, daya daga cikin manyan bukukuwan kide-kide na waje a Afirka ta Kudu, wanda yawanci ke faruwa a karshen mako na Nuwamba ko karshen mako na farko na Disamba.[10]
Duba kuma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Jerin tafki da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ List of South African Dams from the Department of Water Affairs
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "List of Registered Dams". Dam Safety Office, Department of Water and Sanitation. November 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 van Vuuren, Lani (May 2011). "Blood, sweat and tears at Riviersonderend" (PDF). The Water Wheel. Water Research Commission. 10 (3): 22–25. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
- ↑ "Residential water restrictions explained". www.capetown.gov.za (in Turanci). Retrieved 2017-06-13.
- ↑ "Western Cape dam levels up only 1.5% after storms". www.enca.com (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2017-06-12. Retrieved 2017-06-13.
- ↑ Bhengu, Lwandile (4 October 2020). "Western Cape's largest dam overflows for the first time in six years". Sowetan. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
- ↑ institutt, NRK og Meteorologisk. "Weather statistics for Theewaterskloofdam". yr.no (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2017-07-31. Retrieved 2017-07-10.
- ↑ "Rainfall History".[permanent dead link]
- ↑ "Western Cape rainfall". Archived from the original on 2018-01-15. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
- ↑ "Synergy". Synergy. 2015. Archived from the original on 15 May 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.