Editing

Gyara shine tsari na zabar da shirya rubuce -rubuce, daukar hoto, gani, sauraro, ko kayan silima da mutum ko wani mahaluƙi ke amfani da su don isar da sako ko bayani. Tsarin gyare-gyare na iya haɗawa da gyara, tattarawa, jerawa, da sauran gyare-gyare da yawa da akayi da niyyar samar da madaidaiciya, tsayayye, daidaitattace kuma cikakken aiki. ^[1]

Tsarin gyare-gyare sau da yawa yana farawa da ra'ayin marubucin don aikin da kansa, yana cigaba a matsayin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin marubucin da edita yayin da aka ƙirƙiri aikin. Gyara na iya haɗawa da kwarewar ƙirƙire-ƙirƙire, dangantakar ɗan adam da madaidaitan saitattun hanyoyin.

Akwai matsayi daban-daban na gyara a cikin bugawa. Yawanci, mutum yana samun mataimakan masu gyara suna bada rahoto ga manyan ma'aikata masu gyare-gyare da daraktoci waɗanda ke bada rahoto ga manyan editocin masu zartarwa. Manyan editocin masu zartarwa suna da alhakin haɓɓaka samfurin don sakinsa na ƙarshe. Yayanyin ƙankancin littafin yanayin yawan harhadewan matsayin da za'a samu.

Babban edita a yawancin wallafe-wallafe na iya zama sananne a matsayin babban edita, editan zartarwa, ko kuma kawai edita. Mai bada gudummuwa da yawa ake girmamawa ga mujallar na iya samun taken babban edita ko mai bada gudummawa. Matsakaitan editocin jaridu na suna yawan ƙoƙarin taimakawa a bangarori da dama kamar su kasuwanci, wasanni da kuma fasali. A cikin jaridun Amurka, matakin dake ƙasa da babban edita yawanci shine editan gudanarwa .

A cikin masana'antar buga littafai, masu gyara na iya tsara abubuwan tarihi da sauran abubuwan tattarawa, samar da ingantattun bugu na ayyukan marubucin gargajiya (editan masani), da tsarawa da sarrafa gudummuwa ga littafin marubuta da yawa (editan taro ko editan ƙara). Samun rubutattun rubuce-rubuce ko ɗaukar marubuta shine aikin edita mai samarwa ko edita mai nadawa a gidan bugawa. ^[2] Nemo ra'ayoyin kasuwa da gabatar dasu ga marubutan da suka dace sune alhakin editan tallafawa.

Editoci masu kwafa suna gyaran kurakure, nahawu da kuma mayar da rubuce-rubuce zuwa tsarin gida . Canje-canje a masana'antar bugawa tun shekarun 1980 sun haifar da kusan duk kwafin kwafin littattafan littattafai ana fitar dasu ga editocin kwafin masu zaman kansu. ^[2]

A jaridu da sabis na waya, latsa ko kwafa masu gyara suna rubuta kanun labarai da yin aiki akan batutuwa masu mahimmanci, kamar tabbatar da daidaito, adalci da kuma ɗanɗano. A wasu matsayi, suna tsara shafuka kuma suna zaɓar labaran labarai don haɗawa. A jaridun Burtaniya da Ostiraliya, kalmar ita ce ƙaramin edita . Suna iya zaɓar shimfidar ɗab'in kuma suna sadarwa tare da firinta. Waɗannan editocin na iya samun taken shimfida ko editan ƙira ko (fiye da haka a baya) editan kayan shafa .

Littattafan ilimi da mujallu

A cikin muhallin bugawa, editocin litattafan masana manyan nau'ikan iri uku ne, kowannensu yana da nauyi na musamman:

Editan Siyarwa (ko editan kwamishina a Biritaniya), wanda ke yin kwangila tare da marubucin don samar da kwafin
Editan aikin ko editan samarwa, wanda ke ganin kwafin ta matakansa daga rubuce -rubuce zuwa littafin daure kuma galibi yana ɗaukar yawancin kasafin kuɗi da alhakin jadawalin
Editan edita ko editan rubutun, wanda ke shirya kwafin don juyawa zuwa nau'in bugawa.

Dangane da juzu'in juzu'i da yawa, kafin a miƙa rubutun ga mai bugawa an sami ingantaccen editan ƙarar, wanda ke aiki ba tare da mawallafin ba.

Dangane da mujallu na ilimi, inda ba da labari ya fi yawa fiye da ayyukan da aka ba da izini, matsayin editan mujallar ko babban editan ya maye gurbin editan saye-saye na muhallin buga littafin, yayin da matsayin editan samarwa da editan kwafi ya kasance. Koyaya, wani editan wani lokaci yana shiga cikin ƙirƙirar labaran bincike na masana. Wanda ake kira editan marubutan, wannan editan yana aiki tare da marubuta don samun rubutun da ya dace da manufa kafin a miƙa shi ga mujallar masana don bugawa.

Bambanci na farko tsakanin kwafin editan littattafan masana da mujallu da sauran nau'ikan kwafin kwafin ya ta'allaka ne a cikin amfani da ƙa'idodin mai bugawa zuwa kwafin. Yawancin masu wallafe -wallafen ilimi suna da salon da aka fi so wanda galibi yana fayyace takamaiman ƙamus da littafin jagora - alal misali, Littafin Jagoran Salo na Chicago, MLA Style Manual ko <i id="mwaA">Manual Publication APA</i> a Amurka, ko Dokokin Sabuwar Hart a Burtaniya

Gyaran fasaha

Gyaran fasaha ya haɗa da yin bitar rubutu da aka rubuta akan batun fasaha, gano kurakuran amfani da tabbatar da riko da jagorar salo.

Gyaran fasaha na iya haɗawa da gyara kuskuren nahawu, kuskuren rubutu, kuskuren rubutu, alamar rubutu ba daidai ba, rashin daidaituwa a cikin amfani, jumlolin da ba a tsara su da kyau ba, sharuddan kimiyya ba daidai ba, raka'a mara kyau da girma, rashin daidaituwa a cikin adadi mai mahimmanci, ambivalence na fasaha, rarrabuwa na fasaha, maganganun da ke saɓawa da janar kimiyya ilmi, gyaran taƙaitaccen bayani, abun ciki, fihirisa, kanun labarai da kanun labarai, gyara bayanai da gabatar da ginshiƙi a cikin takardar bincike ko rahoto, da gyara kurakurai a cikin ambato.

Manyan kamfanoni suna sadaukar da gogaggun marubuta ga aikin gyaran fasaha. Ƙungiyoyin da ba za su iya biyan editocin da aka sadaukar ba galibi suna da gogaggen marubuta rubutu na tsara tsara-tsara wanda ƙwararrun abokan aiki suka samar.

Yana taimakawa idan editan fasaha ya saba da batun da ake gyarawa. Ilimin "fasaha" wanda edita ke samu akan lokaci yayin aiki akan wani samfur ko fasaha yana ba edita wani gefe akan wanda ya fara gyara abun da ke da alaƙa da wannan samfurin ko fasaha. Amma muhimman ƙwarewa na yau da kullun suna mai da hankali ga daki -daki, ikon ci gaba da mai da hankali yayin aiki ta tsawon rubutu a kan batutuwa masu rikitarwa, dabarun mu'amala da marubuta, da kyakkyawar fasahar sadarwa.

Ayyukan gyara

Edita shine filin aiki mai haɓaka a cikin masana'antar sabis . Ana iya ba da sabis na gyara da aka biya ta kamfanonin gyara na musamman ko ta masu aikin kai (masu zaman kansu ).

Kamfanonin da ke yin gyara na iya ɗaukar ƙungiyar editocin cikin gida, dogaro da hanyar sadarwar kowane ɗan kwangila ko duka biyun. Irin waɗannan kamfanoni suna iya sarrafa gyare -gyare a fannoni da fannoni daban -daban, gwargwadon ƙwarewar editocin mutum. Sabis ɗin da waɗannan editocin ke bayarwa na iya bambanta kuma suna iya haɗawa da karantawa, yin kwafi, gyara kan layi, gyara ci gaba, gyara don inganta injin bincike (SEO), da sauransu.

Editocin da ke aiki da kansu suna aiki kai tsaye ga abokan ciniki (misali, marubuta, masu bugawa) ko bayar da ayyukansu ta hanyar kamfanonin gyara, ko duka biyun. Suna iya ƙwarewa a wani nau'in gyara (misali, kwafin gyara) da kuma wani yanki na musamman. Wadanda ke aiki kai tsaye ga marubuta da haɓaka alaƙar ƙwararru tare da su ana kiran su editocin marubuta .

Duba kuma

Editan sauti
Editan marubuci
Shirya fim
Maimaitawa
Shirya sata
Karatun rubutu
Shirya bidiyo
Marubuci

Kara karantawa

Morrison, Blake (6 ga Agusta 2005) "Baƙar rana don fensir shuɗi"
Greenberg, Susan L. (2015) Editocin suna magana game da gyara: fahimta ga masu karatu, marubuta da masu bugawa, New York: Peter Lang
Munro, Craig (2021) Litattafan zaki Tamers: editocin littafin da suka yi tarihin wallafe -wallafe, Brunswick, Victoria: Scribe Publications ISBN 9781925713220

Nassoshi

↑ Mamishev, Alexander, Williams, Sean, Technical Writing for Teams: The STREAM Tools Handbook, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, John Wiley & Sons. Inc., Hoboken, 2009, p. 128.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Poland, Louise, The business, Craft and Profession of the Book Editor, in Carter, David, Galligan, Anne, (eds.), Making books: contemporary Australian publishing, Queensland University Press, 2007, p. 100.

Hanyoyin waje

The dictionary definition of editing at Wiktionary
Media related to Editing at Wikimedia Commons

Samfuri:Books Samfuri:Book Publishing Process Samfuri:Journalism

[1] Mamishev, Alexander, Williams, Sean, Technical Writing for Teams: The STREAM Tools Handbook, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, John Wiley & Sons. Inc., Hoboken, 2009, p. 128.

[PolandLouise-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Poland, Louise, The business, Craft and Profession of the Book Editor, in Carter, David, Galligan, Anne, (eds.), Making books: contemporary Australian publishing, Queensland University Press, 2007, p. 100.

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