Edward Parr

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Edward Parr
Rayuwa
Mutuwa 1761
Sana'a
Sana'a ɗan kasuwa
Jirgin bawa na Liverpool

Edward Parr (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1718; ya mutu a shekara ta 1799) ɗan kasuwa ne kuma ɗan kasuwa na Ingila.[1][2] Ya shiga cikin tafiye-tafiye 51 na bayi, [1] yana aiki daga tashar jiragen ruwa ta Liverpool tsakanin 1750 da 1768. [2] Parr ya mallaki jirgin bawa da ake kira Briton, wanda kyaftin dinsa ya yi amfani da ɗan fashi na Afirka mai suna Kyaftin Lemma Lemma don kamawa da bautar mutane tare da jiragen ruwa na yaƙi. Parr memba ne na Kamfanin Kasuwancin Afirka .

Rayuwa ta farko[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An haifi Parr a Liverpool, ɗan Jonas Parr, apothecary, na Castle Street. Kakansa kuma Edward Parr ne, na Haysom a Rainford, na dangin da suka zauna a can a matsayin kananan masu mallakar ƙasa a karni na 15, waɗanda aka kafa a Liverpool a matsayin 'yan kasuwa da masu mallakar jiragen ruwa a ƙarshen karni na 17.[3][4] Ya kasance dan uwan farko na mai yin bindiga John Parr .[5]

Cinikin bayi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Hoton da aka zana daga kusan shekara ta 1770, wanda ke nuna 'yan Afirka da aka ɗaure a kan jirgin bawa
Sandan bayi

Edward Parr ya ci gaba da kasuwancin mahaifinsa a matsayin apothecary da kuma babban dan kasuwa a Castle Street, Liverpool .[6] Ya ci gaba da kasuwancin cikin nasara a matsayin dan kasuwa na bawa tare da Afirka ta Yamma, Caribbean da Chesapeake Bay, kuma ya zama sananne "mutumin biyu mafi arziki a Liverpool", kamar yadda aka rubuta a cikin littattafan wasiƙu na mataimakinsa, Joshua Dixon.[7] Ya shiga cikin tafiye-tafiye 51 na bayi tsakanin shekarun 1750 da 1768.

Parr da John Welch sun mallaki jirgin bawa da ake kira Briton kuma a cikin 1762 an aika shi a kan tafiya ta bawa zuwa Masarautar Whydah a Yammacin Afirka.[8] Wata rana a cikin shekara ta 1763, Briton ya rataye a cikin Bight na Benin yana kewaye da jiragen ruwa 10 na yaki.[2] Jirgin yaki mallakar Kyaftin Lemma Lemma ne, shugaban 'yan fashi na Afirka wanda ya kama mutane kuma ya sayar da su ga masu sayar da bayi. Kyaftin din Briton, William Bagshaw, ya kasance yana jin daɗin Lemma Lemma na kwanaki 10 yayin da shi da mutanensa suka kama mutane. Bagshaw ya kasance yana ba da abinci, abin sha, karɓar baƙi da kyauta don ƙarfafa Lemma Lemma.[2] Mutane uku a cikin jirgin ruwa sun zo suna tafiya a cikin Kogin Formosa, ba tare da sanin haɗarin da suke ciki ba. Bayan ya gan su, Lemma Lemma ya umarci ma'aikatansa su farautar su kuma su kawo su ga Briton. Mutanen uku da aka kama sun kasance tsohuwar uba da ɗansa da 'yarsa. Bagshaw ya amince da sayen matasa biyu amma ya ki sayen tsohon. Bayan kammala sayarwa Lemma Lemma ya tura tsohon zuwa jirgin ruwansa na yaki kuma ya ba da umarnin cewa "an kwantar da kansa a kan daya daga cikin ƙuƙwalwar jirgin, kuma an yanke shi". Bayan haka an jefa kansa da jikinsa a cikin jirgin, an kai ɗansa da 'yarsa zuwa Rappahannock a Virginia, inda aka sayar da su cikin bautar.[2]

Parr ya kasance memba na Kamfanin Kasuwancin Afirka [9] wanda manufarsa ita ce ta yi kira ga cinikin bayi. Taron farko na kamfanin ya faru ne a Liverpool, a ranar 14 ga Yuli 1777. Taron kwamitin ya faru kowace Litinin da safe a Liverpool Town Hall. Sauran mambobin sun hada da William Gregson, John Dobson, dan uwansa John Parr (mai yin bindiga), Thomas Hodgson, Thomas Staniforth, George Case, Samuel Shaw, John Backhouse da James Caruthers.[10]

A ranar 13 ga Fabrairu 1759, Edward Parr da wasu 'yan kasuwa da masu mallakar jiragen ruwa arba'in da hudu na Liverpool sun rubuta wasika ga Robert Williamson na Williamson's Liverpool Advertiser. Biritaniya ta shiga cikin Yakin Shekaru Bakwai kuma suna tambayarsa kada ya buga jerin jiragen ruwa da ke tashi daga tashar jiragen ruwa. Sun ce suna da "dalilo mai yawa don fahimtar" cewa "ya kasance mummunan sakamako wannan yaƙin".

A cikin shekara ta 1749, wani jirgin ruwa na Faransa da ake kira Le Lion D'Or ya kama shi daga wani mai zaman kansa na Liverpool. Daga nan aka canza shi zuwa jirgin kifi kuma aka sake masa suna Golden Lion . Ta zama jirgin farko na kifi na Liverpool. A cikin 1750, Golden Lion ya tashi daga Liverpool zuwa kamun kifi daga Greenland a kan tafiyar kifi ta farko. Edward Parr da sauran 'yan kasuwa na bayi sun ɗauki rabon jirgin. Gomer Williams ya yi imanin cewa "don mai na whale daya da hukumomin su suka narke, suna iya ƙidaya dubban zukatan mutane ko dai sun lalace har abada, ko kuma sun rushe ta hanyar bautar rayuwa".

Bayanan da aka yi amfani da su[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. ↑ bapt. St Nicholas, Liverpool, 7 Mar, as ‘son Jonas Parr of Castle Str., apothicary’; ?buried Liverpool St Nicholas, 22 Sept 1799
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Empty citation (help) Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "auto" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ Nicholas Mander. Borromean Rings: the Genealogy of the Mander Family, 2011; 2nd edition, revised and enlarged, 2023.
  4. ↑ Burke’s Landed Gentry, sub ‘Parr of Liverpool formerly of Rainford’, ‘Parr of Grappenhall Heyes’, ‘Parr of Lythwood’, 1847, 2, 1003–4, various editions, 1847 to 1972
  5. ↑ Nicholas Mander. Borromean Rings: the Genealogy of the Mander Family, 2011; 2nd edition, revised and enlarged, 2023.
  6. ↑ Liverpool Trade Directory, 1766/7
  7. ↑ Nicholas Mander. Borromean Rings: the Genealogy of the Mander Family, 2011; 2nd edition, revised and enlarged, 2023; letter book of Joshua Dixon, 1764–5 (Wellcome Library, MS. 2196); Stuart Anderson, ‘Liverpool apothecary in the slave trade’, The Pharmaceutical Journal, 285, 2010, 732.
  8. ↑ Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Briton voyage #90983
  9. ↑ Williams 1897.
  10. ↑ Nicholas Mander. Borromean Rings: the Genealogy of the Mander Family, 2011; 2nd edition, revised and enlarged, 2023.

Tushen[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

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