Etienne Maynaud de Bizefranc de Laveaux
 Etienne Maynaud de Bizefranc de Laveaux | |||
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| Rayuwa | |||
| Haihuwa |
Digoin (en)  , 8 ga Augusta, 1751 | ||
| ƙasa | Faransa | ||
| Mutuwa |
Cormatin (en) , 12 Mayu 1828 | ||
| Karatu | |||
| Harsuna | Faransanci | ||
| Sana'a | |||
| Sana'a | ɗan siyasa da soja | ||
| Aikin soja | |||
| Digiri |
divisional general (en) | ||
| Ya faɗaci |
Haitian Revolution (en) | ||
Étienne Maynaud de Bizefranc de Laveaux (ko Mayneaud,Lavaux ; 8 ga Agusta 1751 - 12 ga Mayu 1828)wani janar na Faransa ne wanda ya kasance Gwamnan Saint-Domingue daga 1793 zuwa 1796 a lokacin juyin juya halin Faransa .Ya tabbatar da cewa an aiwatar da dokar da ta 'yantar da bayi,kuma ta goyi bayan shugaban bakar fata Toussaint Louvertureq,wanda daga baya ya kafa jamhuriyar Haiti mai cin gashin kanta. Bayan Mayar da Bourbon ya kasance Mataimakin Saône-et-Loire daga 1820 zuwa 1823.
Shekarun farko[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An haifi Etienne Mayneaud Bizefranc de Laveaux a ranar 8 ga Agusta 1751 a Digoin,Saône-et-Loire,Faransa.[1]Ya fito ne daga tsohuwar dangin Burgundian mai daraja.Mahaifinsa shine Hugues,ubangijin Bizefranc,Laveaux da Pancemont (1716–1781),Mai karɓar Gonakin Sarki. [2][1] Mahaifiyarsa ita ce Marie-Jeanne de Baudoin.[2]Shi ne na uku cikin ’ya’ya shida da aka haifa a tsakanin 1749 zuwa 1756.[1] Kamar yadda aka saba ga ƙaramin ɗa,ya shiga aikin soja,ya shiga cikin magudanan ruwa na 16 yana ɗan shekara 17. [2] Aikin sojan nasa ba shi da kyau.Da alama ya sau da yawa ya zauna a Paray-le-Monial, kusa da wurin haihuwarsa.A nan ne ya auri Marie-Jacobie-Sophie de Guillermin,'yar wani bawan Allah a cikin 1784.[2]
Lokacin juyin juya hali[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Shugaban sojoji[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
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Juyin juya halin Faransa ya fara a shekara ta 1789.An ƙara Laveaux zuwa shugaban ƙungiyar a 1790,akuma ya zama babban kansila na Saône-et-Loire a wannan shekarar.[3]Acikin 1791 an shigar da shi cikin wani al'amari na kudi na jabu,amma an wanke shi daga duk wani tuhuma kuma aka wanke shi.[2]Ya isa Saint-Domingue a ranar 19 ga Satumba 1792 tare da kwamishinonin farar hula Léger-Félicité Sonthonax da Étienne Polverel a matsayin laftanar-kanar a matsayin kwamandan rundunar sojojin 200 na 16th rejist na dragoons.[2]Kwamishinonin sun gano cewa da yawa daga cikin masu shukar farar fata sun kasance masu adawa da yunkurin juyin juya hali na karuwa kuma suna shiga cikin 'yan adawa na sarauta.Kwamishinonin sun sanar da cewa ba su yi niyyar kawar da bautar ba,aamma sun zo ne domin tabbatar da cewa ’yantattun mutane suna da hakki daidai ko wane irin launi ne.[4]A watan Oktoba labari ya zo cewa an dakatar da sarki kuma Faransa yanzu jamhuriya ce.[4]
An sanya Laveaux mai kula da yankin arewa maso yamma na mulkin mallaka, mai tushe a Port-de-Paix .[5]Kwamandansa, Janar Rochambeau,ya yaba da halinsa na daukar sansanin Ouanaminthe da ke kan iyakar Spain a arewa maso gabas,wanda bakar fata ke rike da shi a cikin tawaye.[2]Birnin Cap Français (Cap-Haïtien) a wannan lokacin yana cikin tashin hankali.Wasu daga cikin sojojin sun taimaka wa farar fata da suka dawo da tsarin bawa a cikin birni,yayin da wasu,musamman waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin Laveaux,sun goyi bayan kwamishinonin farar hula kuma suna so su kare mulattoes,babban burin masu shuka.[2]An daukaka Laveaux zuwa kwamandan lardin Arewa.[2]
A cikin Janairu 1793 Laveux ya jagoranci rundunar da ta hada da sojoji masu launin fata a kan masu tayar da bayi a garin Milot kuma suka kori su zuwa cikin tsaunuka.[4]A wannan watan an kashe Louis XVI a birnin Paris,kuma a watan Fabrairun Spain da Biritaniya suka shelanta yaki a kan Faransa.[4]A watan Mayu ko Yuni 1793 shugaban 'yan tawayen bakar fata Toussaint Louverture ya tuntubi Laveaux kuma ya ba da shawarar "hanyoyin sulhu",amma Laveaux ya ƙi tayin nasa.[4]
An nada François-Thomas Galbaud du Fort Gwamna Janar na Saint-Domingue a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu 1793 a madadin Jean-Jacques d'Esparbes.Ya isa Cap-Français (Cap-Haïtien)a ranar 7 ga Mayu 1793.[6]A ranar 8 ga Mayu 1793 ya rubuta wasiƙa zuwa Polvérel da Sonthonax yana sanar da zuwansa.[6]Kwamishinonin sun isa Cap-Français a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1793,inda masu launin fata suka yi maraba da su amma sun sami liyafar sanyi daga fararen fata.Sun ji cewa Galbaud yana abokantaka da bangaren da ke adawa da hukumar,kuma ba su da niyyar yi musu biyayya.[6]Polvérel da Sonthonax sun kore shi a ranar 13 ga Yuni 1793 kuma suka umarce shi da ya hau kan Normande kuma ya koma Faransa.[6]Sun sanya Laveaux mukaddashin gwamna a madadinsa. [6]
A ranar 20 ga Yuni 1793 Galbaud ya yi shelar cewa yana kan aiki kuma ya yi kira da a taimaka wajen korar kwamishinonin farar hula. [6] Ya sauka a 3:30 da yamma a shugaban mutane 3,000, waɗanda ba su gamu da turjiya ba da farko.[6]An yi fama da rikice-rikice tsakanin ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa da fararen fata masu goyon bayan Galbaud,da sojojin Turai,mulattoes da baƙar fata masu tayar da hankali don goyon bayan kwamishinoni. A ranar 21 ga Yuni 1793 kwamishinonin sun yi shelar cewa za a 'yantar da duk baƙar fata da za su yi yaƙi da su da Mutanen Espanya da sauran abokan gaba. 'Yan ta'addan bakar fata sun shiga cikin sojojin farar fata da na mulatto suka kori matukan jirgin daga birnin a ranakun 22-23 ga watan Yuni.Galbaud ya bar tare da jiragen ruwa da ke kan hanyar zuwa Amurka a ranar 24–25 ga Yuni.[6]Kwamishinan Sonthonax ya yi shelar 'yanci na duniya a ranar 29 ga Agusta 1793.[2]Bayan wata daya sojojin Birtaniya na farko sun sauka a Saint-Domin,don maraba da masu shuka fararen fata na sarauta da sojoji. [7]