Faransa

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Faransa (na dogon lokaci a Faransa: Jamhuriyar Faransa) ƙasa ce da ta tashi daga Yammacin Turai zuwa Tekun Atlantika (tare da Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint-Pierre da Miquelon, da sauransu, france, Saint Martin, Faransa, Saint Barthelemy), Tekun Pacific (tare da tsibiran Clipperton, Faransa Polynesia, Wallis da Futuna, New Caledonia), da, Tekun Indiya (tare da Tsibirin Reunion da Mayotte Island), da Antarctica (tare da filayen Antarctica da Adelaide Earth) da Kudancin Amurka (tare da Guiana na Faransa). Faransa tana da iyakokin ƙasa tare da ƙasashe 11: Belgium, Luxembourg, Jamus, Switzerland, Italiya, Monaco da Monaco, Andorra da Spain a Turai, Faransa, Faransa, Spain, Suriname da Brazil a Kudancin Amurka da Netherlands a tsibirin Holy. Martin. Tana da manyan hanyoyin ruwa a tekun Atlantika, Tekun Pacific, Tekun Indiya, Bahar Rum da Channel musamman, wannan yana ba shi damar amfana daga yankin tattalin arziki na biyu mafi girma a duniya (a bayan Amurka). Tun lokacin da aka gabatar da Jamhuriyar ta Biyar a 1958, Faransa ta kasance jamhuriya mai zaman kanta tare da kundin tsarin mulki. Babban birninta shine Paris da yaren Faransanci. Kudinsa na hukuma shine Yuro (tun 2002) kuma yana da yawan jama'a miliyan 68.

Faransa tana da cikakken yanki na 672,051 km2 (ba ta kirga ƙasar Adelie ba saboda ta ce) ta mai da ita ƙasa ta 41 dangane da yankin. Faransa wani ɓangare ne na cibiyoyin Turai da na duniya da yawa ciki har da Tarayyar Turai, (wanda ke ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen da suka kafa), North Atlantic Alliance (NATO), da sauransu , ko Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UN) wanda memba ne na dindindin a Kwamitin Tsaro. Tsarin mulkin Faransa ta nuna Kasar ta boko ce da ta dimokaradiyya wanda sarautarsa na samowa daga jama’ar.

Dangane da yawon shakatawa, Faransa ita ce ƙasar da ta ziyarci duniya , musamman godiya ga bambancin shimfidar wurare (na birnin Paris da kuma sanannun abubuwan tunawa kamar Hasumiyar Eiffel, Montmartre, Notre-Dame de Paris, da sauransu , Champs-Elysees ko Arc de Triomphe a Fadar Versailles ta hanyar filayen Provencal lavender, gonakin inabin Bordeaux da Grand Est, kasuwannin Kirsimeti na Alsatian, da , rairayin bakin teku masu Riviera na Faransa da Corsica, waɗanda ke saukowa daga Yaƙin Duniya na biyu a Normandy, ginin Loire, gandun daji na Amazon a Guyana, da sauransu , volcanoes na Auvergne, wuraren hakar ma'adinai na arewa, vestiges na masana'antu wanda ya san arewacin Faransa a karni na XIXe ko Brittany) da kuma gastronomy , mashahuri a duk duniya a matsayin ɗayan mafi kyau a duniya. Faransa tana daya daga cikin shugabannin duniya a bangarori da dama da suka hada da abinci, aeronautics, motoci, yawon shakatawa, da sauransu, makaman nukiliya ko alatu (alamomin alatu da yawa kamar su Louis Vuitton, Hamisa, Dior, Chanel, cartier da sauransu Faransawa ne). Yana nuna matsayin "mai girma" na rayuwa akan darajar IDH.

A fagen soja, ita ce babbar rundunar soja ta bakwai mafi girma a duniya kuma tana da makaman nukiliya.

A zamanin dá, wanda yanzu alkaryar Faransa ne dá tana da mutanen Gaul, kananan mutane. Daular Romawa sun ci mutanen Gaul da yaki a shekara ta 51 BC kafin zuwan Kiristi, wanda ta rike Gaul zuwa shekaru 486. Mutanen Gaul ta Roma sun fuskanci hare-hare da kaurace-kaurace daga ýan Faransa ta Jamus wanda sun mamaye yankin shekaru aru-aru, daga baya suna kafa Daular Faransa na dá. Faransa ta fito muhimi wajen mulki na Turai a shekaru na karshe ta tsakiya, da nasararta cikin shekaru dari na yaki (1337 zuwa shekara alif ta 1453) wanda ta karfafa ginin Kasar Faransa da ba da dama na gaba a mulukiya innanaha na tsakiya. A cikin lokacin farfadowa, Faransa ta fuskanci cin gaban al’adu makake da farkon kafuwar Daular mulkin mallaka na zamani. Yakin basasa na addini tsakanin ýan Katolika da ýan Furotesta, ta mamaye karni na goma sha shida (16th).

Faransa ta mamaye Turai wajen a’adu, da siyasa da mulkin soja kalkashin Louis. Masu ilimin falfasa sun taka rawa mai kyau a lokacin wayewan kai a karni na goma sha takwas (18th), an hambarar da mulukiya a juyin mulkin Faransa. A cikin gadonta da bayanin hakkin ‘dan Adam da na ‘dan Kasa, daya daga cikin takardu na hakkin ‘dan Adam, wanda tana bayyana cewa Kasar ta dace har wa yau. Faransa ta zama daya daga cikin tarihin zamani a jamhuriya na farko sai da Napoliya ya hawo mulki sai ya kafa Daula ta farko na Faransa a shekara alif dari takwas da hudu (1804). Ya dingi fada da rikitattun gwiwa cikin lokacin yake-yaken Napoliya, ya mamaye harkokin Turai fiye da shekaru goma wanda ya shafa al’adun Turai na tsawon lokaci. Faransa ta jimre hayaniyar gadon gwamnatoci a faduwar Daular, mulukiyar ta gyaru. An mayar da shi a shekara ta alif dari takwas da talatin(1830) bisa dokan mulukiya, sannan a gurguje a jamhuriya ta biyu, kuma a Daula ta biyu har zuwa kafuwar jamhuriyar farasanci na uku mai karfi a shekara ta 1870. Jamhuriyar farasanci sun yi rikice-rikice da Ikilisiyar Katolika don rashin wa`azin addinin kirista a faransa a lokacin juyin mulkin farasanci a kafuwar dokar Laicité na shekara 1905. Laicité ya yi tsamani amma haryar cimma buri ne na boko wanda shi ne muhimmin dokan gudanarwa a zamanin yau na hukumar faransanci.

Faransa ta kai tsawo na yankinta cikin karni na sha tara (19) da farkon karni na ashirin (20), zuwa karshe, ta mallaki babban Daula ta biyu na mulkin mallaka a duniya. A yakin Duniya na farko, Faransa ta zo daya daga cikin masu nasara a cikin ninka sau uku tsakanin Kasashe kawance fadan yaki da mulkin tsakiya. Faransa dá kuma daya ne cikiin masu iko a Yakin Duniya na biyu, amma ta zo a kalkashin mamayar kusuwar mulki a shekara ta 1940. Bin kwaton ýanci a shekara ta 1944, Jamhuriya ta hudu ta kafu sai aka narkar da ita a sanadiyar Yakin Aljeriya. An kafa Jamhuriya ta biyar a shekara ta 1958 wanda Charles de Gaulle ya shugabance ta, kuma tana nan har wa yau. Yawancin Daulolin farasanci an bar yin musu mulkin mallaka a Yakin Duniya na biyu.

A cikin tarihinta duka, Faransa ta zama na gaba a duniya da cibiyar al’ada, tana yin muhimmin gudumawa kan Kimiya da Fasaha da Ilimin Falfasa. Faransa ta halarce gaggarumar lamba na uku a kungiyar Kyautata Ilimi da Kimiya da Al’adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Turai a wajajen gadon duniya (bayan Italya da Sfen) kuma tana karban Ýan Yawon Shakatawa kusan miliyan tamanin takwas (83) a shekara fiye da kowane Kasa a duniya. Faransa ta kasance da iko na al’ada muhimi na tattalin arziki, na soja da na siyasa. Ita Kasa ce mai cigaban masana’antu da zama lamba na shida a tattalin arziki a duniya babba ta bin kasafin da Kasa ta tanada, kuma ta zo na tara babba wajen Sayayyan wuta daidaito. Bisa ga Credit Suisse, Faransa ita ce na hudu mafi arziki a Kasashen duniya bisa ga jimilar arzikin gidaje. Ta kuma mallake babban bangare mafi tattalin arziki a duniya (EEZ), wanda Kasarta ta ci murabba’in Kilomita 11,691,000 (4,514,000 sq mi).

‘Yan Farasanci suna jin dadin daidaitacciyar zama, kuma Kasar tana da martaba sosai wajen ilimin Kasashe, kiwon lafiya da ababan rayuwa `yanci da doka ta tanada da kuma raya dan Adam. Faransa tana daga kasashen da sun kafa majalisar Dinkin Duniya wanda ta zama daya daga cikin mambobi biyar na ainihi na ‘yan tsaron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. Ita kuma mamba ta kungiya ta bakwai (7), Kungiyar Yarjejeniya na Phasa ta Arewa (NATO), Kungiyar Hadin Kai don Rayar da tattalin Arziki (OECD), Kungiyar Sana’a ta Duniya (WTO) da kuma La Francophonie. Faransa ta samar da Tarayyar Turai Kuma na gaba a cikin Tarayyar.

Yankunan Faransa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

᛫ Sauran yankuna na Faransa (Faransa Polynesia, New Caledonia, Wallis da Futuna, Saint Martin, Saint Barthelemy, Saint Pierre da Miquelon, filayen kudancin Faransa da Antarctic, da sauransu , Tsibirin clipperton) ba yankuna bane kuma suna da matsayi daban.