Frances Emilia Crofton

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Frances Emilia Crofton née Dunn(1822 - 23 Oktoba 1910),wacce aka fi sani da suna Misis William Crofton,ta kasance mai zanen shimfidar wuri na Anglo-Irish na kyakkyawan salo wanda ya bunkasa a tsakiyar karni na 19.A cikin 1854 ta buga Ra'ayoyi takwas,bugu na folio na kwafin lithograph na ainihin zane-zanenta na shimfidar wurare na Biritaniya da Ireland, don siyarwa don dalilai na agaji.Bishops dabam-dabam,membobin aristocracy da sauran su ne suka sayi waɗannan fastoci na kwafi takwas,wasu kuma yanzu suna cikin tarin jama'a.Ta auri mai mallakar Anglo-Irish William Crofton,likitan sojan ruwa da adalci na zaman lafiya,kuma ta rayu har tsawon rayuwarta a Cheltenham, Gloucestershire da Lakefield,wani katafaren gida mai babban gida a County Leitrim,Ireland.

Fage[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Frances Emilia Dunn( Waterford 1822 - Dunmore 23 Oktoba 1910), an san danginta da Fanny.Ita ce 'yar Nicholas James Cuthbert Dunn RN(1785-1858) [nb 1] [1]da matarsa Frances Elizabeth (1794-1872).[2] Biyu daga cikin 'yan uwanta,Montagu Buccleugh da William James,sun kasance hafsoshin sojojin ruwa.[3]A ranar 30 Maris 1848 ta auri William Crofton(1813 – 23 Mayu 1886), RN,MD,JP,[3] a St Mary's Church, Pembroke.[4] Ya kasance mataimakin likitan fiɗa akan HMS <i id="mwQw">Royal Adelaide</i>, kuma shine ɗa na biyu na Duke Crofton, JP, DL.[5]Lokacin da mijinta ya mutu a 1886,ya bar fiye da £ 20,000( equivalent to £2,317,824.98 a cikin 2021 ),[11]gami da gidajen ma'auratan da abubuwan ciki a Lakefield da Cheltenham,da Estate Lakefield.

Crofton ya yi aure cikin sarkakkiyar yanayin siyasa na ƙungiyar Anglo-Irish.A cikin 1902,a lokacin hawan Edward VII,ta jagoranci bikin"mai sha'awar"da aka shirya don ma'aikatan gidan danginta a Lakefield a Ireland,kuma an taya ta murna.A daidai wannan lokacin dan uwanta,Kyaftin Duke Crofton,ya ba da shawarar yin gayya ga lafiyar sabon sarki,amma"a yin hakan yana nuni da ka'idojin rantsuwar rantsuwa ga mabiya darikar Katolika na Mai Martaba". Rabin karni kafin haka,ta buga wani adadi na hotuna don taimakon wata kungiyar agaji wadda manufarta ita ce ta "tsare addinin Furotesta na marayun auren gauraye".[6]

A Cheltenham Crofton yana tallafawa ƙungiyoyin agaji ga talakawa.A cikin 1870 ta kasance majiɓincin kide-kide na amateur don taimakon mafakar Marayu ta Mata da Talakawa,a Cheltenham.

Lokacin matashi,jaridar Wexford Independent ta bayyana Crofton a matsayin"mai son zuciya da cikawa". A cikin tsufanta mai tallata Leitrim ta ce tana "masu daraja kuma ana mutuntata sosai".

Gidaje a Ingila da Ireland[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Address na Crofton's Cheltenham

Crofton da mijinta sun zauna a Biritaniya da Ireland, suna tafiya akai-akai tsakanin su biyun.A Ingila sun zauna a Montagu Villa,1 Clarendon Villas, Cheltenham,Gloucestershire,[7] inda iyayen Frances Emilia Crofton suka rayu tsakanin 1849 zuwa 1860,[8] [9]da Frances da William Crofton sun rayu tsakanin 1862 zuwa 1910.[10] [11] Gidan Frances da William Crofton na Irish shine Lakefield,wani katafaren gida mai kadara a Mohill,County Leitrim,Ireland. An gina gidan tsakanin 1791 zuwa 1798,kuma filayensa wani yanki ne na Estate Crofton Mohill.Iyalin Crofton sun mallake shi har zuwa 1931 lokacin da aka sayar da shi ga Hukumar Landan Irish,bayan haka ta zama kango.

Artwork[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Sunan ƙwararrun Crofton shine Mrs William Crofton.An san ta da aiki guda ɗaya kawai:saitin kwafin lithograph na ainihin ainihin zanen shimfidarta na Biritaniya da Ireland.Ba a san inda zane-zanenta na asali suke ba.A cikin 1855,ta ba da gudummawar £51( equivalent to £5,802.01 a cikin 2021 )[11]zuwa County Leitrim Protestant Orphan Society. Wannan shi ne abin da aka samu na siyar da"ra'ayoyi takwas da waccan matar ta dauka":bugu na masu biyan kuɗi na kundin ɗaure mai ɗauke da saitin lithographs takwas bayan hotunan shimfidar wuri na Crofton. [12] Wata mai sayar da litattafai na Dublin Penelope Gibson ta ce,"Faratocin suna daki-daki daki-daki da ke nuna shimfidar wurare na yankin kasar Ireland,katanga,manyan gidaje da kango".

Sharhi kan salon Ra'ayoyi takwas (1854)[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ko da yake yana da kyau,salon Ra'ayoyin Takwas na iya bayyana shekaru hamsin daga zamani zuwa 1854.Lissafin masu biyan kuɗi ya nuna cewa yana da shekaru 32 Crofton ya mallaki ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Furotesta.Jerin ya hada da bishops na St Asaph,Cashel da Waterford,Killaloe,Peterborough,Ripon, Winchester da sauran limaman coci, masu taken mutane da hafsoshin soja, ban da 'yan aji na tsakiya.[nb 2]Hakan ya biyo baya cewa salon fasaha mai karɓuwa da ɗabi'a wanda Royal Academy ya gabatar a baya zai dace don samun da kuma riƙe goyon bayan irin wannan rukuni.Idan Ra'ayoyin Takwas na 1854 wakilci ne na salon da Crofton ya fi so,to yana yiwuwa ita da watakila masu biyan kuɗinta sun fi son tsofaffin kyawawan wurare masu ban sha'awa da salon fentin shimfidar wurare a matsayin ɗanɗano.

  •   The eight engravings were lithograph copies of Crofton's original paintings.Some editions were bound in olive green cloth with gold motif.The untinted lithographs were by Thomas Ashburton Picken (1818–1891),and some tinted lithographs were by William Louis Walton(1808-1879).It was produced in folio or quarto size.
  • I View from Clooncaher of Lough Rynn and Lakefield,County Leitrim (1854).[13]
  • II Ruins of Muckruss Abbey (1854).[13]
  • III Monastery on Innisfallen Island, and Ross Castle,Killarney (1854).
  • IV Castle Otway,County Tipperary, residence of Captain Otway,RN (1854).[13]
  • V Dunbrody Abbey,County Wexford (1854).[13]
  • VI Pembroke Castle,South Wales (1854).
  • VII Isle of Portland,Dorsetshire (1854).[13]
  • VIII Village of Hambledon,Hants (1854).[13]

Cikakkun bayanai daga ra'ayoyi guda uku[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tari[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  • Royal Collection Trust:Biyar daga cikin kwafi ciki har da Killarney, Dunbroody Abbey,Lough Rynn, Muckruss Abbey da Castle Otway .
  • Falvey Memorial Library,Jami'ar Villanova,Pennsylvania:Ra'ayoyi takwas don amfanin County Leitrim Protestant Orphan Society:8 tinted lithographs of folio size 450 x 320mm,bayan zane na asali na Mrs William Crofton.Jerin faranti yana da iyaka da aka zana itace.
  • Tarin Jama'a,Laburaren Haverfordwest:Pembroke Castle, South Wales
  • National Library of Wales:Pembroke Castle,South Wales.
  • National Library na Ireland:Gidan sufi a tsibirin Innisfallen da Ross Castle, Killarney.
  • Tarin Marquess Conyngham,Slane Castle (har zuwa 1980):Ƙarar da aka ɗaure,Ra'ayoyi takwas.[14]

Crofton a cikin al'ada[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  •   This novel was originally published in 1907 by Grant Richards. It references an elderly Mrs William Crofton in Chapter IV "Aunt William".

Karin bincike[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  •  
  •   (This link gives a summary of the contents of the above book).

Bayanan kula[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. ↑ NJC Dunn, father of Frances Emilia, was born in France (1851 Census) and was buried in Cheltenham new burial ground on 6 March 1858 (Gloucestershire Church of England burials 1858, p.132).
  2. ↑ For the subscriber list for Eight Views, see File:Frances Emilia Crofton subscriber list.jpg and File:Frances Emilia Crofton subscriber list 2.jpg.

Nassoshi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. ↑ Deaths Mar 1858 Dunn Nicholas James Cuthbert Cheltenham 6a 320
  2. ↑ Deaths Mar 1872 Dunn Frances Elizabeth 78 Cheltenham 6a 283
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named O'Byrne 1849
  4. ↑ Marriages Mar 1848 Dunn Frances Emilia Pembroke and Crofton William XXVI 777
  5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Stroud Journal 29 May 1886
  6. ↑ "Mixed marriages" in this case refers to 19th-century Protestant-Catholic marriages in Ireland
  7. ↑ "Montagu" was the contemporary spelling. The later spelling was "Montague". The address has now been re-named as 6 Pittville Lawn.
  8. ↑ Cheltenham Annuaire street directory 1849–1860
  9. ↑ England Census 1851
  10. ↑ Cheltenham Annuaire street directory 1862–1910
  11. ↑ England Census 1871–1901
  12. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Villanova Uni 8 views
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Villanova collection
  14. ↑ Francis Conyngham, 2nd Marquess Conyngham was a subscriber to Eight Views, and the volume was kept in Slane Castle collection until 1980, when the castle's collection was sold by the 8th marquess Henry Mountcharles

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

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