Gajeren labari

 

Gajeren labari
literary form (en) da literary genre (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	prose (en) , fiction literature (en) , narration (en) da literary work (en)
Karatun ta	literary studies (en)

takaitattun labarai

Takaitaccen labari wani yanki ne na labari almara wanda galibi ana iya karantawa a zama ɗaya kuma yana mai da hankali kan wani lamari mai cike da kai ko jerin abubuwan da ke da alaƙa, da niyyar haifar da tasiri ko yanayi ɗaya. Takaitaccen labari na ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin nau'ikan adabi kuma ya wanzu ta hanyar tatsuniyoyi da labarai na almara a cikin tsoffin al'ummomi daban-daban na duniya. Gajeren labari na zamani ya samo asali ne a farkon ƙarni na 19.

Ma'anarsa

Gajeren labari wani tsari ne da aka yi shi da kansa. Gajerun labarai suna amfani da ƙira, resonance, da sauran abubuwa masu ƙarfi kamar a cikin labari, amma yawanci zuwa ƙarami. Yayin da gajeren labarin ya bambanta da novel ko novella/gajeren labari, mawallafa gabaɗaya sun zana daga tarin dabarun adabi. gajeriyar labari wani lokaci ana kiranta da nau'in nau'i.

Ƙayyade ainihin abin da ke bayyana ɗan gajeren labari ya kasance yana da matsala akai-akai. Babban ma'anar ɗan gajeren labari shine mutum zai iya karanta shi a zama ɗaya, batun da aka fi sani da Edgar Allan Poe 's maƙalar "The Philosophy of Composition" (1846). HG Wells ya bayyana makasudin ɗan gajeren labarin a matsayin "Farin fasaha, na yin wani abu mai haske da motsi; yana iya zama mai ban tsoro ko ban tausayi ko ban dariya ko kuma mai haske mai zurfi, yana da wannan mahimmanci kawai, wanda ya kamata ya ɗauki daga minti goma sha biyar zuwa hamsin zuwa minti 50. karanta a bayyane." A cewar William Faulkner, ɗan gajeren labari ne ke tafiyar da halayensa kuma aikin marubuci shine ya "tare da shi tare da takarda da fensir yana ƙoƙarin kiyaye tsayin daka don ajiye abin da yake faɗa da aikatawa.”

Wasu marubutan sun yi iƙirarin cewa ɗan gajeren labari dole ne ya kasance da tsayayyen tsari. Somerset Maugham ya yi tunanin cewa ɗan gajeren labari "dole ne ya kasance yana da ƙayyadaddun tsari, wanda ya haɗa da batu na tashi, matsayi da kuma gwajin gwaji; a wasu kalmomi, dole ne ya kasance yana da makirci". Hugh Walpole yana da irin wannan ra'ayi: "Labari ya kamata ya zama labari; rikodin abubuwan da ke faruwa cike da abubuwan da suka faru, motsi mai sauri, ci gaba da ba zato ba tsammani, yana haifar da rashin tabbas zuwa ga koli da kuma gamsuwa."

Wannan ra'ayi na ɗan gajeren labari a matsayin ƙayyadaddun samfurin fasaha duk da haka yana adawa da Anton Chekov, wanda ya yi tunanin cewa labari bai kamata ya kasance farkon ko ƙarshe ba. Ya kamata kawai ya zama "yanki na rayuwa", wanda aka gabatar da shi a hankali. A cikin labarunsa, Chekov ba ya rufe ƙarshen amma ya bar shi ga masu karatu don yanke shawarar kansu.

Sukumar Azhikode ya ayyana ɗan gajeren labari a matsayin "taƙaitaccen labari mai zurfi tare da tasiri mai zurfi ko ɓarna". Flannery O'Connor ya jaddada buƙatar yin la'akari da abin da ake nufi da gajeriyar bayanin. Marubutan gajerun labarai na iya ayyana ayyukansu a matsayin wani ɓangare na zane-zane da keɓaɓɓen bayanin sigar. Hakanan suna iya ƙoƙarin yin tsayayya da rarrabuwa ta nau'i da ƙayyadaddun samuwar.

William Boyd, marubucin ɗan Burtaniya kuma marubucin gajeren labari ya ce:

[gajerun labarai] da alama suna amsa wani abu mai zurfi a cikin yanayinmu kamar dai, tsawon lokacin da ake ba da labarinsa, an halicci wani abu na musamman, an fitar da wani jigon kwarewarmu, an yi wasu ma'ana na wucin gadi na tafiya ta yau da kullun, tashin hankali zuwa ga ƙabari da mantuwa.

litafan adabi

A cikin 1880s, kalmar "gajeren labari" ya sami ma'anarsa ta zamani tun da farko yana magana akan tatsuniyoyi na yara. A farkon zuwa tsakiyar ƙarni na 20, ɗan gajeren labarin ya yi gwaji mai zurfi wanda ya ƙara hana ƙoƙarin samar da ma'ana gaba ɗaya. Dogayen labarun da ba za a iya kiran su litattafai ba a wasu lokuta ana ɗaukar su "novellas" ko novelettes kuma, kamar gajerun labarai, ana iya tattara su cikin mafi kyawun nau'in "tarin" na labarun da ba a buga ko buga su ba, amma a wani wuri. marubutan da ba su da lokaci ko kuɗi don rubuta labari ko labari suna yanke shawarar rubuta gajerun labarai maimakon, suna yin yarjejeniya da shahararren gidan yanar gizo ko mujallu don buga su don riba. duniya, gajeren labari na zamani yana kama da waƙoƙi, wasan kwaikwayo, litattafai da ƙasidu kodayake nazarinsa a matsayin babban nau'in adabi ya ragu.