George Hawi
 George Hawi | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa |
Bteghrine (en)  , 5 Nuwamba, 1938 |
| ƙasa | Lebanon |
| Mutuwa | Berut, 21 ga Yuni, 2005 |
| Yanayin mutuwa |
kisan kai (attempted murder (en) ) |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | ɗan siyasa |
| Imani | |
| Addini |
Eastern Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch (en) |
| Jam'iyar siyasa |
Lebanese Communist Party (en) |
George hawi
an haife shi 5 Nuwamba 1938 - 21 Yuni 2005) ɗan siyasan Lebanon ne kuma tsohon babban sakataren jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Lebanon (LCP). Wani mai sukar katsalandan na Syria a cikin al'amuran Lebanon, an kashe shi a shekara ta 2005 sakamakon wani bam da aka sanya a karkashin kujerar fasinja na motarsa. Mutanen Lebanon sun zargi gwamnatin Syria da kashe shi. Shi ne uba ga ɗan siyasar Armeniya Rafi Madayan, wanda kuma yana da ɗa mai suna Charbel Khalifeh Hachem.[1]
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi George Hawi a ƙauyen Bteghrine, Lebanon a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba 1938 ga dangin Lebanon.[2]Ko da yake an haife shi a cikin dangin Kiristan Orthodox na Antakiya na Girka, Hawi ya yi iƙirarin cewa bai yarda da Allah ba.[3][4]Ya kasance mai himma a fagen siyasar ɗalibai a shekarunsa na farko a jami'a, yana shiga yajin aiki da zanga-zanga da dama da kuma ƙungiyoyin jama'a da dama. Ya shiga LCP a cikin 1955 [5]kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan jagororin ƙungiyar ɗalibai a ƙarshen shekaru goma. A cikin 1955 ya zama memba na LCP wanda ya sabawa doka a Lebanon.[6]
A shekara ta 1964, an daure shi a gidan yari saboda hannu a yajin aikin da aka yi wa masana'antar sigari da ke karkashin ikon gwamnatin Lebanon. A cikin 1969 ya sake kasancewa a gidan yari saboda halartar zanga-zangar a ranar 23 ga Afrilu don nuna goyon bayan Falasdinawa, kuma a cikin 1970 a cikin 1970 a nasa bangare na kai hari ga rundunar soji. An kori Hawi a takaice daga jam'iyyar LCP a shekarar 1967 saboda neman karin 'yancin kai daga manufofin Tarayyar Soviet. Ya koma jam'iyyar kuma an zabe shi mamba a ofishinta na siyasa a majalisa ta biyu da ta uku a 1968 da 1972. An zabi Hawi a matsayin babban sakataren jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Lebanon bayan taronta na hudu a 1979 - mukamin da ya rike har zuwa 1993 a lokacin. ya yi murabus[7]. Shi ne babban sakataren jam'iyyar na hudu bayan Fuad Shemali, Farajallah el-Helou da Nicolas Shawi. Faruk Dahruj ne ya gaje shi.
A lokacin yakin basasar Lebanon Hawi, wanda ya yi amfani da salon kunya-style nom de guerre "Abu Anis", ya kafa Popular Guard, ƙungiyar LCP, wanda ke da alaƙa da Lebanon National Movement (LNM) na shugaban Druze Kamal Jumblatt a cikin adawa. gwamnatin da Maronites suka mamaye da kuma mayakan sa-kai masu goyon bayan kiristoci. George Hawi tare da matashiyar Hanna Gharib da ke jagorantar jam'iyyar a halin yanzu Har ila yau, LCP ya kasance mai fafutuka a yakin da ake yi da Isra'ila da dakarun sa-kai na sojojin Lebanon ta Kudu (SLA), a kudancin kasar Lebanon, bayan mamayar Isra'ila a shekarar 1982. A lokacin mamayar ya kafa kungiyar gwagwarmaya ta kasa ta Lebanon tare da Muhsin Ibrahim. Elias Atallah ne ya jagoranci LNRF. A wani mataki na yakin, LCP karkashin Hawi ta hada kai da Syria, wadda ta shiga kasar Lebanon a shekarar 1976, amma ta kasance a kasar na kusan shekaru 30.
Ya zama mai sukar tasirin Damascus a kan Labanon a ƙarshen rayuwarsa, bayan ya bar LCP a 2000. A 2004, ya goyi bayan kafuwar Democratic Left Movement (DLM) mai ra'ayin hagu, wanda ya saba wa Siriya. Kasancewar a Labanon kuma ya shiga cikin Tashe-tashen hankula na 2005. Dan jarida Samir Kassir da aka kashe ya kasance fitaccen memba kuma wanda ya kafa wannan kungiya. A cikin watan Yunin 2005, Hawi ya yi da'awar a wata hira da Al Jazeera cewa, Rifaat al-Assad, ɗan'uwan Hafez al Assad kuma kawun shugaban Syria na yanzu Bashar al-Assad, shi ne ya kashe Jumblatt.[8]
Kisa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An kashe George Hawi ne a ranar 21 ga watan Yunin 2005 lokacin da wani bam da aka dasa a cikin motarsa ta Mercedes ta hanyar na'ura mai sarrafa kansa, yayin da yake tafiya a unguwar Wata Musaitbi ta birnin Beirut.[9][10][11]An sanya cajin kusan fam guda a ƙarƙashin kujerarsa, [12]kuma an tayar da shi ta hanyar nesa. Direban nasa ya tsira, amma Hawi ya ji rauni sakamakon fashewar.Majiyoyin da dama da suka hada da kawancen ranar 14 ga Maris da kuma ‘yan kafofin yada labaran kasashen Yamma, nan take suka dora alhakin kisan nasa da kuma sauran fashe-fashen da aka yi a babban birnin kasar duk da cewa har yanzu ba a gano takamammen mai laifi ba. A watan Agustan shekarar 2011, kotun ta musamman ta Lebanon ta sanar da iyalan Hawi cewa sun gano alaka tsakanin kisan nasa da na tsohon Firaministan Labanon Rafic Hariri.Majiya mai tushe ita ce Raka'a 121, bangaren kisan gilla na Hizbullah. A baya dai STL ta fitar da tuhume-tuhume kan 'yan kungiyar Hizbullah kan kisan Hariri.
manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Short, Ramsay (22 June 2006). "Fierce critic of Syria killed in Beirut blast". The Telegraph. London. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
- ↑ Karim Mruah (23–29 June 2005). "The price of ideals". Al Ahram Weekly. 748. Archived from the original on 25 March 2013.
- ↑ Lawrence Joffe. 22 June 2005. 'Obituary: George Hawi: Lebanese communist leader who espoused Muslim-Christian dialogue', The Guardian (London), p. 29. "What united them was opposition to a supposedly corrupt and pro-western administration, unfairly dominated by factions of Lebanon's Maronite Christian community. Notwithstanding his own professed atheism, Hawi, Greek Orthodox by birth, was valued as an iconic Christian figure within a coalition often painted as sectarian Muslim."
- ↑ Lianne P. Elise Wood-Vostermans (2020). Debating 'Religious Violence' in Lebanon: A Comparative Perspective on the Mobilisation of Religious and Secular Militias during the Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990) (PhD thesis). Durham University. p. 79.
- ↑ Karim Mruah (23–29 June 2005). "The price of ideals". Al Ahram Weekly. 748. Archived from the original on 25 March 2013.
- ↑ Lianne P. Elise Wood-Vostermans (2020). Debating 'Religious Violence' in Lebanon: A Comparative Perspective on the Mobilisation of Religious and Secular Militias during the Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990) (PhD thesis). Durham University. p. 79.
- ↑ Karim Mruah (23–29 June 2005). "The price of ideals". Al Ahram Weekly. 748. Archived from the original on 25 March 2013.
- ↑ George Hawi knew who killed Kamal Jumblatt". Ya Libnan. 22 June 2005. Archived from the original on 7 June 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
- ↑ Mallat, Chibli. Lebanon's Cedar Revolution An essay on non-violence and justice (PDF). Mallat. p. 124. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2012.
- ↑ Chronology Of Events: 2005". Mediterranean Politics. 11 (2): 279–308. 2006. doi:10.1080/13629390600683048. S2CID 220378402.
- ↑ Hariri Reaches Out to Opponents, As Another anti-Syrian politician is Killed". Asharq Alawsat. 21 June 2005. Archived from the original on 16 January 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
- ↑ Noueihed, Lin (22 June 2006). "Anti-Syrian Politician Killed in Lebanon". The Washington Post. Beirut. Reuters. Retrieved 17 March 2013.