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Gilbert Mair

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Gilbert Mair
Rayuwa
Haihuwa Peterhead (en) Fassara, 23 Mayu 1799
ƙasa Sabuwar Zelandiya
Mutuwa Whangārei (en) Fassara, 16 ga Yuli, 1857
Ƴan uwa
Abokiyar zama Elizabeth Gilbert Puckey (en) Fassara  (Satumba 1827 -
Yara
Sana'a
Sana'a Ɗan kasuwa
gilbart mair

Gilbert Mair (23 ga Mayun shekarar 1799 - 16 ga Yuli 1857) ya kasance mai aikin jirgin ruwa kuma ɗan kasuwa wanda ya ziyarci New Zealand a karo na farko lokacin da yake ɗan shekara ashirin, kuma ya zauna a can daga shekarar 1824 har zuwa mutuwarsa. Ya auri Elizabeth Gilbert Puckey - wanda ya kawo piano na farko zuwa New Zealand a 1827. Suna da 'ya'ya goma sha biyu. Daga cikinsu akwai "mashahuran New Zealanders" [1] kamar Kyaftin Gilbert Mair da Manjo William Gilbert Mair . Mair kakannin kai tsaye ne na ɗan siyasa Māori kuma mai fafutuka Ken Mair .

A cikin shekarar 1835 Gilbert Mair babban ya sanya hannu kan Sanarwar 'yancin kai na New Zealand a matsayin shaida (tare da James Clendon) lokacin da wasu 'yan arewacin Māori rangatira (shugabannin) suka kafa kansu a matsayin wakiltar ƙungiya a ƙarƙashin taken "Ƙabilar United na New Zealand".[2] Gilbert Mair babba ya kasance "a lokacin sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Waitangi a shekarar 1840, kuma shi da iyalinsa sun saba da yawancin sanannun mutanen da suka ziyarci Bay of Islands".[3]

Tarihin rayuwa

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Gilbert Mair, wanda aka haifa a Peterhead, Scotland, a ranar 23 ga Mayun shekarar 1799, ya yi tafiya a kan jirgin ruwa na New Zealand a cikin 1820. A wannan lokacin ya ziyarci New Zealand a karon farko. Lokacin da ya koma Ingila a ranar 2 ga Maris 1820, mai wa'azi a ƙasashen waje Thomas Kendall yana cikin fasinjoji, tare da Hongi Hika da Waikato, rangatira biyu na Ngāpuhi iwi (ƙabilar) waɗanda sune Māori na farko da suka zo Ingila.[4] A shekara ta 1823 ya yi tafiyarsa ta biyu zuwa New Zealand. A wannan lokacin ya sayi kawuna biyu da aka adana. A shekara ta 1824 ya kai ziyara ta uku. Ba zai sake komawa Ingila ba.

Mai kula da jirgin ruwa na Herald

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Herald jirgin ruwa ne mai nauyin tan 55, wanda aka gina a bakin rairayin bakin teku na Paihia a cikin Bay of Islands . Mishan Henry Williams ya shimfiɗa keel don jirgin a cikin shekarar 1824. Yana buƙatar jirgi don samar da tashoshin mishan da kuma ziyartar yankuna masu nisa na New Zealand don kawo Linjila. Lokacin da Gilbert Mair ya ziyarci New Zealand a karo na uku, Williams ya nemi ya taimaka wajen gina jirgin. Lokacin da aka gama Herald a 1826, Mair ya zama Mai kula da jirgin ruwa.

Ya yi tafiye-tafiye da yawa. Ya tafi Ostiraliya sau uku. Ya ziyarci Bay of Plenty sau 4, kuma ya tashi sama da sauka a gabar gabashin Tsibirin Arewa daga Gabashin Cape zuwa Arewacin Cape, kuma a gabar yammacin kudu zuwa Kawhia.[5]

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 1828 Herald ya rushe, yayin da yake ƙoƙarin shiga Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Hokianga. Bayan Herald ya rushe, Gilbert Mair ya sayi ƙasa daga 'yan asalin, ya gina gidansa a Wahapu kuma ya ci gaba da kasuwancin ɗan kasuwa da ɗan kasuwa.[6]

Aure

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A ziyararsa ta farko zuwa New Zealand, Gilbert Mair ya kasance yana hulɗa da iyalin Puckey: William Puckey da matarsa Margery, ɗansu William Gilbert Puckey (1805-1878) da 'yar Elizabeth Gilbert (1809-1870). Lokacin da ya fara saduwa da Elizabeth tana da shekaru 11 ko 12 kawai, amma lokacin da ya dawo a shekarar 1824 "ta girma ta zama mace mai shekaru 15".

Sun yi aure a ranar 12 ga Satumban shekarar 1827 a Sydney, yayin ɗaya daga cikin tafiye-tafiye na Herald a can. Za su haifi yara goma sha biyu:

  • Caroline Elizabeth, ta farko da aka haifa a 1828; ta mutu a 1917
  • Robert (1830-1920). Sunansa "an girmama shi sosai a Whangārei, garin da ya daɗe, wanda ya ba mutanensa kyakkyawan wurin shakatawa" [3]
  • William Gilbert Mair (1832-1912), soja, daga baya ya zama babban soja
  • Marianne (1834-1893)
  • Henry Abbott (1836-1881)
  • Charlotte (1838-1891)
  • Jessie Eliza (1840-1899)
  • Gilbert (1843-1923): Gilbert Mair junior, ko "Te Kooti's Nemesis" [7]
  • Matilda Helen (1845-1927)
  • Emily Francis (1848-1902)
  • Sophia Marella (1850-1884)
  • Lavinia Laura, ta ƙarshe da aka haifa a 1852; ta mutu a 1936 [8]

Mutuwa

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Gilbert Mair ya mutu a "Deveron", Whangārei, a ranar 16 ga Yuli 1857 (...). An binne shi a kan dukiyarsa (...). Shekaru da yawa bayan haka 'ya'yansa maza sun cire gawarsa zuwa makabartar da ke kewaye da Cocin, inda yanzu kawai 'yan iyalin Mair ne aka kwantar da su. " [9]

Shaidar Yaƙe-yaƙe na Musket

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A lokacin tafiye-tafiyensa a kusa da NZ Gilbert Mair ya ga "mummunan hali" na Musket Wars, yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin Māori iwi (ƙabilai) a cikin shekaru tsakanin 1818 da 1830.[10] Ya ga misali sakamakon rikici a Ohiwa Harbour a 1828, tare da gawawwaki hamsin a bakin teku. Kuma a wannan shekarar, ya ga ragowar yaƙi a Te Papa pa a Tauranga Harbour, tare da "daruruwan jikin maza, mata da yara, dabbobi da ƙasusuwan mutum, ragowar biki na cin nama".[10] Daga baya ya gaya wa ɗansa Gilbert game da ziyarar da ya yi a shafin Te Totara Pa a 1826. Shekaru biyar da suka gabata, a cikin 1821, wata Ngāpuhi taua (gwamnatin yaƙi), karkashin jagorancin Hongi Hika, ta kashe Ngāti Maru, da ke zaune a can. Amma lokacin da Gilbert Mair babba ya yi tafiya a can a 1826, har yanzu ya same shi "... cike da ƙasusuwan mutum - Golgotha ta gaskiya. "[11]

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan Elizabeth da Gilbert sun yi aure, a cikin 1828, sanannen Ngāpuhi rangatira Hongi Hika ya mutu. Ya ba da kariya ga al'ummar mishan, kuma lokacin da ya biyo bayan mutuwarsa ya kasance mai matukar damuwa ga mazauna.

Mai siyarwa

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A watan Fabrairun 1830 Gilbert Mair ya sayi kadada 159 (1.59 ) na ƙasa a Te Wahapu Point, kimanin kilomita hudu a kudancin Kororāreka (yanzu Russell). Wannan shi ne na farko na dogon sarkar kasuwanci. Ya sayi ƙasar tare da kayayyaki, gami da bindigogi shida, kwalba da yawa na gunpowder da daruruwan ƙwallon bindigogi da flints.[12] A nan ne ya gina tashar kasuwanci mai tasowa. Ya gina gidansa a wani wuri mai tsawo sama da tashar kasuwanci. Ya kasance "daya daga cikin na farko da ya yi amfani da masana'antar gum ta kauri, ya fitar da gum zuwa Amurka da katako da flax zuwa Sydney.

A wannan shekarar da aka zauna a Te Wahapu, abin da ake kira Girls' War ya ɓarke a Kororāreka, a lokacin da aka kashe shugaban Hengi.[13] A ƙarshe Reverend Henry Williams ya shawo kan mayaƙan su dakatar da fada. Reverend Samuel Marsden ya isa ziyara kuma a cikin makonni masu zuwa shi da Henry Williams sun yi ƙoƙari su tattauna yarjejeniyar da Pōmare II zai ba da Kororāreka a matsayin diyya ga mutuwar Hengi, wanda waɗanda ke cikin yaƙi suka yarda da shi. A cikin 1837 Pōmare II ya yi yaƙi na watanni uku tare da Tītore a Bay of Islands . Wani muhimmin dalilin ya sa aka yi yaƙi shi ne jayayya game da layin iyaka na Kororāreka wanda aka mika shi sakamakon mutuwar Hengi kimanin shekaru bakwai da suka gabata a cikin Yakin 'Yan Mata.

A cikin 1840 sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Waitangi a ƙarshe ya kawo lokacin zaman lafiya ga ƙasar.[14]

A cikin 1842 Mair ya sayar da kasuwancinsa da dukiyarsa a Wahapu.[15] A farkon shekarun 1840 ya sayi hekta 7 (7.28 ) a Whangārei . Iyalin sun koma can a 1842, kuma sun zauna a cikin gida, ya kira "Deveron". Daga wannan tushe, Mair ya ci gaba da "cinikin aiki a fannoni da yawa - katako na kauri, gum na kauri. "[16] A cikin 1845 halin da ake ciki ya sake zama da wahala lokacin da Yakin Flagstaff ya fara a Bay of Islands, cewa Gilbert Mair ya nemi gwamnan ya aika da jirgi don ɗaukar duk mazauna zuwa Auckland. Mair "kawai yana da shekaru uku na zaman lafiya a sabon gidansa a Whangārei, lokacin da shi da iyalinsa suka kore su da 'yan asalin ƙasar, suna zuwa Auckland na wasu watanni, sannan suka koma Bay a 1846, a ƙarshe suka koma Whangārey a 1847".[17]

Sauran ayyukan

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Gwamna William Hobson ne ya nada Gilbert Mair a matsayin Mai Shari'a na Zaman Lafiya.[18]

Mair "ya shiga cikin wakilci ga gwamnatin Burtaniya don New Zealand ta ayyana mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya, kuma a cikin kafa kungiyar Kororareka, yunkurin rikice-rikice na mulkin mallaka".[19]

Gilbert Mair "ya sadu kuma ya yi wa sanannun mutane da yawa da suka ziyarci Bay. Daga cikinsu akwai Bishop Broughton na Sydney, wanda ya tsarkake Ikilisiyar a Russell a 1842; Bishop Selwyn; Charles Darwin, sanannen masanin halitta; Allan Cunningham, sanannen mai ilimin shuke-shuke; Admiral Sir James McClintoch (...) da sauransu da yawa".[18]

Samuel Marsden ya gabatar da dawakai na farko zuwa New Zealand, daga Sydney; Gilbert Mair "ya sayi na gaba daga jigilar zuwa Kororareka daga Valparaíso. Ya sayar da doki daya wanda aka aika zuwa Gabashin Gabas, da sauran da ya kai Whangārei".[18]

Gilbert Mair Junior

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Da yake ya girma a tsakanin Māori ɗansa Gilbert ya kasance mai magana da Harshen Māori. A lokacin harin da Ngāti Maniapoto da Ngāti Hauā suka kai a Auckland a 1863, Gilbert ƙarami ya shiga Forest Rangers a ƙarƙashin William Jackson, a matsayin ensign ko jami'in horo. Ya shiga cikin mamayewar Waikato a kan 'yan tawayen Māori Kīngitanga kuma ya zama sananne a ƙarshen 1863 don shiga tattaunawa da' yan tawaye a lokacin yakin Orakau a ƙarƙashin tutar truce. Sojojin gwamnati sun san cewa mata da yara da yawa suna cikin sansanin kuma Mair ya roki 'yan tawaye su fita amma sun ki kuma sun harbe Mair a kafada.[20] Mair daga baya ya zama jami'i kuma ya jagoranci farautar Te Kooti tsakanin 1868 da 1872 wanda ya haifar da cin nasarar 'yan tawaye na Te Kooti. Mair ya sami damar shawo kan Ngāi Tūhoe Ringatū, wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar Te Kooti, don jagorantar sojojin gwamnati zuwa sansanin sirri na Te Kooti a cikin Ureweras. Mair daga baya ya zama jami'in gwamnati wanda aka amince da shi tare da kafa dangantaka ta abokantaka tare da Rewi Maniapoto a cikin shekarun 1880.[21]

Bayanan da ke ƙasa

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  1. ↑ Cowan 1933
  2. ↑ "The Declaration of Independence". Translation from Archives New Zealand, New Zealand History online. Archived from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2010.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Cowan 1933, p. 17
  4. ↑ Crosby 2004, p. 24/5
  5. ↑ Crosby 2004, p. 23, 25, 27
  6. ↑ Jackson 1935, p. 20
  7. ↑ Ron Crosby wrote his biography and gave it the title "Gilbert Mair, Te Kooti's Nemesis (Crosby 2004)
  8. ↑ She married J. Howard Jackson. She wrote Annals of a New Zealand Family (Jackson 1935)
  9. ↑ Jackson 1935, p. 24/5
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Crosby 2004, p. 24
  11. ↑ Mair, Gilbert – Reminiscenses and Maori Stories, footnote to p. 33; as cited by Crosby 2004, p. 24
  12. ↑ Crosby 2004, p. 27
  13. ↑ Smith 1910, p. 422f.
  14. ↑ Crosby 2004, p. 29
  15. ↑ Jackson 1935, p. 22
  16. ↑ Crosby 2004, p. 30
  17. ↑ Jackson 1935, p. 24
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Jackson 1935, p. 21
  19. ↑ Savage, Paula. 'Mair, Gilbert 1843 – 1923' in Dictionary of New Zealand Biography (DNZB); updated 22 June 2007
  20. ↑ "Forest Rangers", R.Stowers (1996)
  21. ↑ "Stories Without End", J. Binney, Bridget Williams (2010)

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