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Haƙƙin ayima mutum jagorancin yadda zaici Abinci

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Iri yarjejeniya
Abinci

Sharuɗɗan Sa-kai don tallafawa Ci gaban Haƙƙi akan samun isasshen Abinci a cikin Tsarin Abinci na Ƙasa, [1] wanda kuma aka sani da Haƙƙin bin Ƙa'idojin Abinci, [2] takarda ce da Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Kasashe yamma suka amince da ita a shekara ta 2004, tare da manufar jagorantar jihohi don aiwatar da haƙƙin abinci .Ba a bisa ƙa'ida ba, amma an ba da umarni da kuma wajabtawa ƙasashe na haƙƙin abinci a ƙarƙashin dokar ƙasa da ƙasa.A musamman, an ba da umarnin zuwa ga Ƙungiyoyin ƙasashe zuwa Yarjejeniyar Ƙasa ta Duniya akan Haƙƙin Tattalin Arzikin Jama'a da Al'adun su ( ICESCR ) da kuma ƙasashe akan lallai dole ne su tabbatar da wannan haƙƙin. [3]

Tarihi

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A cikin shekara ta 1945, an kafa Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (FAO).

A cikin 1996, FAO ta shirya taron abinci na duniya na 1996, a Rome.Ta buƙaci a ba da haƙƙin samun wadataccen abinci da ƙarin tabbaci wajen inganta hanyoyin samun abinci da gasken-gaske. [4]Wannan ya faru ne da wani babban taro wanda aka yiwa take da (Rome Declaration on World Food Security) ma'ana Bayyana abinda ya shafi tsaro ɓangaren abinci Abinci na Duniya da Tsarin Ayyuka na Babban Taron Abinci na Duniya . [5]

“Mun yi alƙawarin manufofinmu na siyasa da ƙudurinmu na bai daya da kasa wajen samar da wadataccen abinci ga kowa da kowa da kuma ƙoƙarin da ake yi na kawar da yunwa a dukkan ƙasashen duniya, da nufin rage yawan masu fama da karancin abinci mai gina jiki zuwa rabin adadin da suke a halin yanzu nan da shekarar 2015. ."

A cikin 1999, Kwamitin Haƙƙin Tattalin Arziƙi, Zamantakewa da Al'adu ya karɓi Gabaɗaya Sharhi No.12 'Haƙƙin Isar da Abinci' kuma ya bayyana wajibcin Jiha daban-daban da aka samu daga ICESCR game da haƙƙin abinci.An sanya wajiban nau'ikan abubuwa guda uku: wajibcin mutuntawa, kariya da kuma cika haƙƙin abinci (wanda ya haɗa da wajibcin sauƙaƙewa da samarwa).

A cikin 2002, a taron koli na sha'anin abinci na duniya a watan Yuni, FAO ta amince da sanarwar taron kolin samar da abinci na duniya: bayan shekaru biyar [6] yana kira ga kafa ƙungiyar aiki tsakanin gwamnatoci don shirya tsarin jagororin aiwatar da haƙƙin mallakar abinci. [7]A watan Nuwamba, Majalisar (FAO) ta kafa Ƙungiyar Ayyuka ta Ƙungiyoyin Gwamnati waɗanda ke tsara Haƙƙin Jagoranci a harkar Abinci. [8]

A cikin shekara ta 2004 Mambobin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya 187 ne suka amince da Haƙƙin a harkar Jagoran Abinci. [9]Sharuɗɗan sun ginu kan dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa kuma jerin shawarwari ne ƙasashen da suka zaɓa kan yadda za su aiwatar da wajibcinsu a ƙarƙashin Mataki na 11 na Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan Haƙƙin Tattalin Arzikin Jama'a da Al'adun su . [10]

Ƙarin bayanai

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Kungiyar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta taƙaita Haƙƙin sharuɗɗan Abinci a cikin matakai shida ko fannoni don tabbatar da haƙƙin samun abinci mai inganci:

  1. Samar da muhimman abubuwan da ake bukata, kamar: shugabanci nagari, dimokuradiyya, kasuwannin da ba a nuna wariya ba, shiga cikin tsarin masu ruwa da tsaki da suka hada da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da ƙungiyoyin farar hula, da ware isassun albarkatun ƙasa don yaki da yunwa da talauci. [11]
  2. Samar da yanayi mai ba da dama ta hanyar aiwatar da dabaru da manufofin da suka dace, kamar: ci gaban tattalin arziki iri-iri mai dorewa don tallafawa wajen samar da abinci, ɗaukar hanyar doka ta “tushen haƙƙin ɗan adam”, haɓaka/kawo cibiyoyi waɗanda suka dace samun dama ga amintattun yanayi da waɗanda ba su da tushe. wariya, saitin alamomi don sa ido da kimantawa. [12]
  3. Aiwatar da tsarin doka don aiwatar da haƙƙin abinci da wajibai uku na jihohi na mutuntawa, samarwa da kuma cikawa, kamar: aiwatar da manufofi nan da nan da ci gaba, sanya jihohi su yi lissafi, ba da garantin cibiyoyi masu cin gashin kansu da masu zaman kansu, da kuma ilmantar da yara musamman yara. mata. [13]
  4. Garanti akan kasuwa samun abinci wanda ya isa kuma mai lafiya. [14]
  5. Bayar da ƙarin tallafi ga jama'a masu rauni, gami da samar da abinci ga waɗanda ba su da isasshen abinci saboda dalilan da suka wuce ikonsu.Matakan sun haɗa da: aiwatar da gidajen aminci ga mafi rauni. [15]
  6. Shirya don gaggawa, mutum ya yi ko bala'o'i, da wajibai don ba da agajin abinci na duniya. [16]

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Food and Agriculture Organization 2012d: "Background to the Voluntary Guidelines."
  2. ↑ Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food 2012a.
  3. ↑ Katharine S. E. Cresswell Riol 2017: "The Right to Food Guidelines, Democracy and Citizen Participation: Country case studies."
  4. ↑ Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food 2012a: "Right to Food."
  5. ↑ Food and Agriculture Organization 2012b.
  6. ↑ Food and Agriculture Organization 2012b.
  7. ↑ Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food 2012a: "Right to Food."
  8. ↑ Food and Agriculture Organization 2012b.
  9. ↑ Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food 2012a: "Right to Food."
  10. ↑ Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food 2012a: "Right to Food."
  11. ↑ Food and Agriculture Organization 2012d: "I Enabling Environment."
  12. ↑ Food and Agriculture Organization 2012d: "II Policies and Strategies."
  13. ↑ Food and Agriculture Organization 2012d: "III Legal Framework."
  14. ↑ Food and Agriculture Organization 2012d: "IV Adequate Food."
  15. ↑ Food and Agriculture Organization 2012d: "V Vulnerable Populations."
  16. ↑ Food and Agriculture Organization 2012d: "VI Emergencies."
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