Haƙƙin jefa kuri'u ga wa'inda aka yankewa hukunci

Haƙƙin jefa kuri'u ga wa'inda aka yankewa hukunci
Bayanai
Applies to jurisdiction (en)	Tarayyar Amurka

Maido da haƙƙoƙin tsari ne na maido da haƙƙin jefa ƙuri'a ga mutanen da aka yanke musu hukunci a baya waɗanda suka rasa haƙƙinsu na kada kuri'a a ƙarƙashin babban laifi . Hakanan yana iya komawa zuwa ƙarin haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam waɗanda aka ɗauka bayan yanke hukunci, kamar riƙon muƙaman gwamnati da yin aiki a juri.

A Amurka, haƙƙin jefa ƙuri'a na mutanen da aka samu da laifi sun bambanta daga jaha zuwa jaha . A yawancin jihohi, haƙƙin ƙuri'a yana ta atomatik ko kuma a dawo da shi bayan kammala jumlar . A cikin jihohi uku - Florida, Kentucky da Iowa - duk mutanen da aka samu da laifin aikata laifuka sun rasa haƙƙinsu na zaɓe na dindindin, kuma dole ne su kai ƙarar gwamnati kai tsaye don dawo da su. Sannan Kuma Masu sukar wadannan hane-hane na kada kuri’a na ganin cewa kada ƙuri’a wani hakki ne da ba za a iya tauyewa ba, kuma bai kamata a kwace wa ‘yan kasar da suka gama wa’adin zaman gidan yari ba.

Fage

Idan aka kwatanta da sauran ƙasashe, Amurka tana da tsauraran matakai game da ƙin yin zaɓe ga mutanen da aka yanke musu hukunci a baya. Ƙarƙashin Kwaskwari na Goma Sha Hudu na Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka, Jihohi suna iya yin nasu dokokin kan takurawa 'yancin jefa ƙuri'a bisa ga laifin aikata laifuka.

An kiyasta cewa akwai mutane kimanin miliyan 5.85 a Amurka wadanda ba za su iya kaɗa ƙuri'a ba saboda laifukan da suka shafi aikata laifuka, ciki har da miliyan 2.6 da suka gama yanke musu hukunci amma ba a ba su hakkinsu a cikin jihohi masu tsauraran manufofi. Wannan ya kai kusan kashi 2.5% na yawan masu jefa ƙuri'a, kuma kusan 8& na yawan jama'ar Ba-Amurke da suka cancanci jefa ƙuri'a.

Rashin ikon mallakar wani babban laifi ta jiha

Dubi " Laifin Laifin Fasakarwa, Ayyukan Zamani Daga Ƙasa, Amurka "

Shawarwari don maido da haƙƙoƙin

Ƙungiyoyi da yawa a cikin ƙasar Amurka suna aiki a cikin motsi don maido da haƙƙin jefa ƙuri'a ga mutanen da ke da hukunce-hukuncen aikata laifuka na farko, gami da Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Jama'a ta Amirka, FairVote, Shirin Manufofin Kurkuku, Ayyukan Ci gaba, Ƙungiyoyin Maido da Haƙƙin Florida, da Aikin Hukunci .

Daga cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin da sauran su, manyan dalilan kawo ƙarshen cin zarafi da kuma maido da haƙƙin jefa ƙuri'a ga mutanen da aka yanke musu hukunci a baya sun haɗa da:

Ana amfani da ƙetare hakkin mallaka don murkushe ƙuri'ar Ba-Amurke

Ko da yake ta wanzu tun lokacin mulkin mallaka, rashin ikon masu kaɗa ƙuri'a ya karu bayan yakin basasa. Tsoron manyan bakaken fata a karshe sun sami damar kada kuri'a, jihohin Kudu sun nemi hanyoyin da za su hukunta 'yan Afirka-Amurka da kuma hana su jefa kuri'a, ta hanyar dokokin Jim Crow da kuma keta Haƙƙin su.

Bambance-bambancen launin fata

Sakamakon bambancin launin fata a cikin tsarin gidan yarin Amurka, Ba'amurke Ba'amurke da Latinos sun fi yawa a cikin mutanen da ake tsare da su. Don haka, yawancin Amurkawa na Afirka da Latinos galibi suna fuskantar laifin cin zarafinsu. Yayin da Amurkawa 'yan Afirka kashi har 13 ne kawai na al'ummar Amurka, su ne kashi 38 cikin dari na yawan fursunoni. Latinos yana da kusan kashi 15 na yawan jama'ar Amurka kuma kashi 20 cikin ɗari na Amurkawa da ke kurkuku.

An yi kiyasin cewa ɗaya daga cikin kowane Ba’amurke 13 ba zai iya yin zabe ba saboda laifukan da aka yanke a baya a jahohin da ake yawan samun cin hanci da rashawa.

Komawa gida

Wadanda ke goyon bayan kwato hakki suna jayayya cewa, da zarar wani ya kammala zaman gidan yari ko wasu hukunce-hukunce, yakamata a kawo ƙarshen hukuncinsu. Hakan kuma ya kamata ya hada da kawo karshen takunkumin zaɓe. To Amman Masu fafutuka sun yi iƙirarin cewa wannan yana da mahimmanci ga mutanen da aka yanke musu hukunci kafin su sake komawa cikin al'umma gaba ɗaya.

"Da zarar dan kasa ya yi lokaci kuma ya biya bashinsa ga al'umma, bai kamata a tauye su daga ainihin 'yancin yin zaɓe ba," in ji Judith Browne-Dianis, co-director of Advancement Project.

Bincike ya nuna cewa tsofaffin mutanen da ke daure da za su iya kaɗa ƙuri'a, samun aiki da ilmantar da kansu ba su da yuwuwa su sake yin laifi da komawa cikin tsarin hukunci.

2014 canje-canje a cikin maido da haƙƙin mallaka

A cikin shekarata 2014, Virginia Gov. Terry McAuliffe ya cire duk tuhume-tuhumen miyagun ƙwayoyi daga jerin laifukan “tashin hankali” na gamayya, wanda ya sa mutane da yawa suka cancanci tsarin dawo da haƙƙin kaɗa ƙuri’a ta atomatik na Virginia ga mutanen da ba su da laifi.

A cikin shekarata 2014, Babban Mai Shari'a Eric Holder ya yi kira da a dawo da haƙƙin jefa ƙuri'a ga mutanen da aka yanke musu hukunci a gabanin wani jawabi a Jami'ar Georgetown . Holder ya ce, "Lokaci ya yi da za a sake yin la'akari da dokokin da ke hana mutanen da ba sa ƙarƙashin kulawar tarayya ko jiha."