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Hakkin ma'aikata na shiga bayan gida

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Hakkin ma'aikata na shiga bayan gida

Hakkin ma'aikata na samun damar bayan gida yana nufin haƙƙin ma'aikata dn yin hutu lokacin da suke buƙatar amfani da bayan gida. Hakkin samun damar bayan gida shine ainihin bukatar ɗan adam.[1] Sai dai idan ma'aikaci da ma'aikacin sun yarda su biya ma'aikacen a lokacin hutu ma'aikaciya ba zai iya karɓar haƙƙin ma'aikaciyar don samun damar Gidan wanka yayin aiki ba. Akwai iyakantaccen bayani game da haƙƙin da ma'aikatan ke dashi dan samun damar gidan wanka na jama'a tsakanin tsarin shari'a na duniya. Dokar ba ta bayyana a New Zealand, United Kingdom, ko Amurka game da yawan lokacin da ma'aikaci ya cancanci amfani da bayan gida yayin aiki. Har ila yau, babu bayani game da abin da ke haifar da 'daidaitaccen' damar shiga bayan gida.[1] Sakamakon haka, rashin samun damar yin amfani da gidan wanka ya zama batun kiwon lafiya ga ma'aikata da yawa.[1] Batutuwan da suka shafi izinin wurin aiki don amfani da bayan gida sun ba da haske kan batutuwan kamar ma'aikata da ke neman izinin amfani da bayan da kuma wasu ma'aikata suna da albashi don kawai Hakkin ɗan adam na amfani da bayan gidan lokacin da suke buƙatar.[1]

New Zealand

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Dokar Dangantaka ta Aiki a New Zealand ta bayyana cewa dole ne a ba ma'aikaci hutu don halartar al'amuran mutum. Ba za a iya yin kwangila don ziyartar bayan gida ba sai dai idan an biya su da kyau.[2] Koyaya, doka ba ta bayyana yadda ma'aikaci yake lissafin farashin diyya ba.[3] Sai dai idan an ba da kwangila, Dokar Dangantaka ta Aiki ta bayyana cewa dole ne a ba ma'aikaci hutun bayan gida. Idan babu yarjejeniya tsakanin bangarorin biyu, za a yi amfani da shi da aminci. Dokar ta ba da damar ma'aikaci ya yi la'akari da yanayin aiki na ma'aikacin da kuma aikin ma'aikacen don ci gaba da ayyukansu ga ma'aikatansu.[4][5]

Ma'aikata suna da damar hutun bayan gida. Koyaya dokar har yanzu ba ta haɓaka takamaiman izinin samun damar bayan gida ba. A nan doka ta yi sulhu game da "bangaskiya mai kyau" wanda ke nufin ma'aikata da ma'aikata ba su yi amfani da gaskiyar cewa babu cikakkun jagororin kan batun ba.[3]

Amurka

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A Amurka, akwai tarihin ƙin ma'aikata damar zuwa bayan gida yayin aiki.[6] Hukumar Kula da Lafiya da Lafiya ta Aiki (OSHA) ta kawar da wasu daga cikin adawar kasuwanci ga ma'aikatan da ke yin hutun bayan gida. Dokokin OSHA sun nuna cewa dole ne a samar da duk ma'aikata da kayan wanka.[7][8] Koyaya, batutuwan suna tasowa lokacin da ma'aikaci zai iya shiga gidan wanka. Wani memorandum a madadin OSHA a cikin 1998 ya bayyana cewa ma'aikata za a iya ƙuntata su ne kawai a samun damar wuraren wanka idan ya kasance mai ma'ana a lokacin da aka ba su.[9] Koyaya, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin Zwiebel v. Plastipak Packaging abin da ke da ma'ana har yanzu ba a bayyane yake a yau ba.[5] An kori Mark Zwiebel daga aikinsa a Plastipak Packaging a Ohio inda daga baya ya kai karar kamfanin a kan dalilin da ya sa suka karya manufofin gidan wanka a cikin sabis na gidan wanka na OSHA.[8] Kotun ta gudanar da "Yayin da akwai manufofin jama'a da ke nuna goyon baya ga ba ma'aikata damar shiga dakunan wanka a wurin aiki, ba ta goyi bayan ra'ayin cewa ma'aikata na iya barin ayyukansu ko tashoshin a kowane lokaci ba tare da tabbatar da cewa ba a lalata samarwa ba. A cikin fahimtar sha'awar halattaccen ma'aikaci na guje wa katsewa, akwai kuma manufofin jamaʼa da ke da izinin ƙuntatawa ga ma'aikata" damar shiga dakuna.[5]

Don haka a bayyane yake kotun ta yanke wannan shawarar tare da manufofi a zuciya. Kotun ta bayyana a fili a cikin binciken da ma'aikaci yana da wajibin tabbatar da cewa ba su yi watsi da matsayinsu a matsayin ma'aikaciya ba don haka za a ba da izinin ƙuntatawa mai ma'aikacin don samun damar gidan wanka. Ta hanyar zuwa gidan wanka ba za a iya ganin ma'aikaci yana barin aikinsu ba.[5] Koyaya, wannan yana haifar da matsaloli game da ma'aikatan da ke da babban aiki kuma ana iya ganin halartar gidan wanka kamar barin aikin mutum.[8]

A halin yanzu, lokacin da rikice-rikicen aiki ya taso game da amfani da gidan wanka inda aka hana ko kuma aka hukunta ma'aikaci dangane da aiki, ana tura su ga OSHA wanda ke yanke shawara a kan kowane shari'ar.[10] Bugu da kari, OSHA ta yanke hukuncin cewa inda ma'aikaci ya jira ya ziyarci gidan wanka, ko kuma inda ba a sami ƙarin ma'aikacin ba, don maye gurbinsa, idan ma'aikacen ba ya nan, to ma'aikaciyar tana da damar amfani da gidan wanka ko kuma ma'aikaciya za ta karya ayyukan su ga ma'aikacinta.[10] Bugu da ƙari, dole ne a biya ma'aikata don duk wani hutu wanda ya yi daidai da ƙasa da minti 20 wanda ya haɗa da amfani da gidan wanka.[11]

Ƙasar Ingila

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A cikin Ƙasar Ingila, doka ba ta da tabbas game da ko ma'aikaci zai iya cire albashin ma'aikacin bisa ga gaskiyar cewa sun sami damar shiga bayan gida sama da minti 20 gabaɗaya a cikin sa'o'i shida na ƙarin aiki.[12] Dokar 'Yancin Aiki ta 1996 ta bayyana cewa ma'aikaci ba zai iya cire albashinsa ba sai dai idan doka ta ba da izini ko kuma idan ma'aikacin ya yarda a rubuce. Sabili da haka, sai dai idan ma'aikacin ya rubuta a cikin kwangilar ma'aikaci, ko kuma ma'aikacen ya ba da yarjejeniya ta rubuce-rubuce, ma'aikace ba zai iya cire albashi don samun damar gidan wanka ba.[13] Bugu da ƙari, an ba da izinin ma'aikaci bisa doka ya yi kwangila daga haƙƙin ma'aikacin samun damar gidan wanka ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba; gabaɗaya kwangilar za ta ba da damar diyya saboda rashin irin wannan damar. Bugu da ƙari, doka ba ta da tabbas game da ko dole ne ma'aikaci ya nemi izinin amfani da bayan gida.[14] Wasu ma'aikata sun ba da rahoton cewa dole ne su ɗaga hannayensu, kamar yaro a makarantar sakandare, don a ba da izini don kawai yin amfani da bukatun ɗan adam na asali don samun damar bayan gida.[1] Batutuwan da ke sama a halin yanzu suna samun kulawa ta hanyar Majalisa ta Tarayyar Kasuwanci don majalisar ta iya magance su kuma za a karɓi takamaiman izinin samun damar zuwa bayan gida bisa doka.[14][1] Majalisa ta Tarayyar Kasuwanci ta bayyana cewa akwai buƙatar takamaiman haƙƙin doka don amfani da bayan gida a lokacin mai aiki ba tare da rage albashi ba, kuma ba tare da wani tsangwama ba."[1]

A shekara ta 2009, ana tilasta ma'aikatan cibiyar hulɗa a cikin ikon Scotland Yard su yi rikodin duk ziyarar da suka yi zuwa bayan gida a lokacin aikinsu. Ma'aikata sun ba da rahoton cewa sun ji matukar damuwa da wulakanci. Superintendent Russ Hanson-Coles ya yi iƙirarin cewa buƙatar masu amfani da wayar su yin rikodin ziyarar bayan gida a matsayin "koda uku" ya hana su yin hutu mara amfani. Kalmar lambar uku tana nufin kowane irin hutu wanda ba a tsara shi ba ko wannan ziyarar bayan gida ne ko buƙatar cika kwalban ruwa a waje da hutun da aka tsara.[15] Bugu da ƙari, Dokokin Wurin aiki (Lafiya, Tsaro da Welfare) na 1999 ba su tattauna damar samun bayan gida ga ma'aikata ba amma maimakon mayar da hankali kan daidaitattun yanayin yanayin tsabta ana buƙatar kiyaye wuraren bayan gida.[16]

A cikin 2014 an bayyana bayanai cewa wani ma'aikacin cibiyar kiran waya ta Burtaniya yana da £ 50 da aka cire daga albashin su don amfani da bayan gida. An gabatar da kalmar 'harajin gidan wanka' a cikin House of Commons inda tsohon Ministan Harkokin Kasuwanci Jo Swinson ya yi jayayya cewa dole ne a bayyana sharuddan a sarari a cikin kwangilar ma'aikaci idan za a cire don amfani da gidan wanka yayin aiki. Bugu da ƙari, ta bayyana cewa dole ne ma'aikata su yi taka tsantsan kada su biya ma'aikaci kaɗan idan sun riga sun kasance a kan Mafi karancin albashi na kasa.

Matsalar kiwon lafiya

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Rashin samun damar gidan wanka lokacin da ya cancanta ya haifar da matsalolin kiwon lafiya kamar cututtukan urinary tract, cututtuken koda, da matsalolin narkewa wanda daga baya zai iya zama matsaloli masu tsanani na kiwon lafiya.[1] Rashin isasshen damar amfani da bayan gida lokacin da ake buƙata na iya haifar da matsaloli masu yawa ga mutanen da ke da matsalolin prostate, suna wucewa ta hanyar haila, ko kuma suna haila misali.[1]

Ana ƙarfafa ma'aikatan cibiyar kira su sha ruwa a kai a kai don ci gaba da amfani da murya mai tsawo. Koyaya, waɗannan ma'aikata galibi an hana su shiga bayan gida lokacin da suke buƙatar.[1] Har ila yau, direbobin kamar direbobin bas da manyan motoci a kan jadawalin lokaci an san su da ba su da damar zuwa bayan gida don haka suna da haɗarin haɗari na shiga cikin matsala da cututtukan lafiya. Bugu da ƙari, rashin samun dama ga direba na iya haifar da rashin mai da hankali kan hanya, wanda shine damuwa game da lafiyar jama'a. Bukatar samun damar bayan gida ya zama babbar matsala fiye da wannan ga mutumin da aka hana shi nan da nan.[1]

A shekara ta 2002 wani "Loo Breaks Study" da aka gudanar tare da ma'aikatan jinya 200 a Asibitin St Mark, London sun gano cewa sama da kashi 75 cikin dari na ma'aikata suna da wahalar wucewa a wurin aiki saboda babban bukatar aikin ya hana su yin hutun wanka. Kashi ɗaya bisa uku na ma'aikatan sun bayyana cewa an tsara gudanarwa ta hanyar hana ma'aikata yin hutu a lokacin aikinsu.[17] Binciken ya kuma gano cewa rabin ma'aikatan cibiyar kira sun jinkirta yin hutun bayan gida a lokacin aiki saboda ƙuntatawa na gudanarwa da aka sanya musu.

Duba kuma

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Manazarta

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  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 "Give us a (Loo) break!". Trades Union Congress. 8 March 2010.
  2. ↑ Employment Relations Act 2000 (NZ), s 20.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Rest and meal breaks". Employment New Zealand.
  4. ↑ Employment Relations Act 2000 (NZ), s 69ZE
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "Zwiebel v. Plastipak Packaging 2013 Ohio 3785". Ohio Court of Appeals (3rd District). September 3, 2013.
  6. ↑ Marc Linder and Ingrid Nygaard. Void Where Prohibited: Rest Breaks and the Right to Urinate on Company Time. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998
  7. ↑ "Standard 1910.141 – Sanitation". Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Hyman, Jon (11 September 2013). "When You Gotta Go, You Gotta Go: The Right to Workplace Bathroom Breaks". Workforce.com. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  9. ↑ Miles, John B. "Interpretation of 29 CFR 1910.141(c)(1)(i): Toilet Facilities". Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Is it legal to restrict workplace bathroom visits to a certain number a day??". Human Resource Blog. Labor Law Center. April 2, 2008.[permanent dead link]
  11. ↑ "Is it legal to restrict workplace bathroom visits to a certain number a day??". Human Resource Blog. Labor Law Center. April 2, 2008. Archived from the original on January 18, 2022. Retrieved July 3, 2024. Under the federal FLSA or Fair Labor Standards Act, employees must be paid for any breaks shorter than 20 minutes. This would include bathroom breaks. This law applies to most employers in the U.S.
  12. ↑ "Is my employer allowed to dock my pay for taking loo breaks?". TUC Work Smart. Archived from the original on 2022-07-06. Retrieved 2024-07-03.
  13. ↑ "Employment Relations Act 1996 (UK), s 13(1)".
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Do I need to ask permission to use the toilet?". TUC Work Smart. Archived from the original on 2022-07-06. Retrieved 2024-07-03.
  15. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named police
  16. ↑ "Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 (UK), s 20".
  17. ↑ "Hazards 81 extended briefing: Toilet breaks". Hazards Magazine.

Littattafan da aka zaɓa

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Marc Linder da Ingrid Nygaard . Babu inda aka haramta: hutun hutu da haƙƙin wanka a lokacin kamfani. Ithaca, NY: Jami'ar Cornell, 1998

Haɗin waje

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