Harshen Bantawa

 

Harshen Bantawa (wanda kuma ake kira An Yüng, Bantaba, Bantawa Dum, Bantaw Yong, Bantawe Yüng, Vontawa, Kirawa Yüng), yare ne na Kiranti da ake magana a gabashin tsaunukan Himalayan na gabashin Nepal ta kabilun Kirati Bantawa. Suna amfani da tsarin haruffa na syllabic da aka sani da Kirat Rai . Daga cikin mutanen Khambu Rai na Gabashin Nepal, Sikkim, Darjeeling da Kalimpong a Indiya, Bantawa shine mafi girman yaren da ake magana. Dangane da Ƙididdigar Ƙasa ta 2001, aƙalla 1.63% na yawan mutanen Nepal suna magana da Bantawa. Kimanin 370,000 suna magana da harshen Bantawa galibi a yankunan tsaunuka na gabashin Nepal (2001). Ko Bantawa yana daga cikin nau'ikan da aka fi amfani da su a ko'ina na yaren Bantawa, ya fada cikin rukunin harsuna masu haɗari. fuskantar canjin harshe zuwa Nepali, musamman a yankin arewa.

Ana magana Bantawa a cikin tsari na batun-abu-kalma, kuma ba shi da nau'ikan suna ko jinsi.

Harsuna

Yawancin dangin Bantawa yanzu suna zaune a Bhojpur, Dharan, Illam, da Dhankuta. Adadin kwanan nan sun nuna cewa mafi yawansu suna zaune ne a Dharan. Ana magana da Bantawa a cikin gundumomi masu zuwa na Nepal (Ethnologue).

• Lardin No. 1: Gundumar Bhojpur, Gundumar Dhankuta, Gunduma ta Ilam, Gundumar Jhapa, Gundume ta Khotang, Gunduniyar Morang, Gundumi ta Okhaldhunga, Gunduri ta Panchthar, Gundumar Sunsari, Gundumar Taplejung da Gundumar Udayapur
• Sikkim, Darjeeling, Kalimpong na Indiya

Harsuna kamar haka (Ethnologue).

• Arewacin Bantawa (Dilpali)

Yankunan arewa: Mangpahang, Raipachha, Awaichha, Rungchenbung da Yangma

• Kudancin Bantawa (Chewali, Okhreli, Hatuwali, Hangkhim)

Kudancin da Arewacin Bantawa, irin wannan, za a iya haɗa su a matsayin 'Bantawa ta Tsakiya'.

• Gabashin Bantawa (Dhankuta)

Yaren Gabas shine mafi banbanci. Yana da alaƙa da Harshen Dungmali, kodayake yana da alaƙa le Harshen Puma, Harshen Sampang, da Harshen Chhintange.

• Yammacin Bantawa (Amchoke, Amchauke)

Harsunan Amchaucke: Sorung, Saharaja, Lulam, da Sukita

• Wana Bantawa (wanda kuma ake kira kawai Bantawa), wanda ƙabilar Bantawa ke magana. Ana magana da yaren Amchoke a yankin Limbu, musamman a gundumar Ilam.

An kuma dauki Bantawa a matsayin dangi mafi girma a cikin iyalin Kiranti. An kuma bayar da rahoton cewa ana amfani da Bantawa a matsayin harshen magana tsakanin 'yan tsiraru na Rai a Himalayan Sikkim, Darjeeling Kalimpong A Indiya da Bhutan. A halin yanzu, ana gabatar da yaren ne kawai a wasu makarantu a matakin firamare (Shekara 1-Shekara 5) ta amfani da Rubutun Devanagari.

Harshen Waling da aka tabbatar daga ƙarshen karni na 19 na iya kasancewa nau'ikan Bantawa, ko kuma harshe mai alaƙa da juna, idan ba yaren Hatuwali da mutanen Waling ke magana a yau ba.

Harshen Bantawa

 

Bantawa	IPA	Nepali	Turanci
Sewa haifa	Sewä	Tsayawa	Safiya / Da yamma / maraice,
Rashin jituwa	Kok	Kafi	Abinci, shinkafa
Khan Firayim Minista	Khan	Kafin ka	Curry
Za a iya amfani da shi	Mɨnätsi	Ayyuka	Mutane
Sai dai ya mutu	diwä	Bengali Yanayi	Kakan
Dima tun daga nan	dimä	Tun da daɗewa	Kakar
Mahaifinmu ya fi	Dubipä	Yanayi	Uba
Mahaifiyar da ke da alaƙa	mama	Yarda da yawa	Uwar
Nana Nana da nan	nänä	Tun da daɗewa	Babbar 'yar'uwa
Yankin Yankin Yamma	nitshmä	Nishabo ne	Ƙaramar 'Yar'uwa
Da ya kai ga yin hakan	dewä	Yaki da kuma	Babba ga uba
Ya zama mai sauƙi	demä	Ya shiga cikin mutane	Aunty Elder ga Dad / Babbar surukar Dad
Ya yi amfani da shi sosai	Boppä	Fasahar da ta yi	Ƙaramin kawun uba
Chhɨna da ya shafi	tshɨnä	Hanyar shiga cikin mata	Matar kawun ƙarami
Yunkurin cin gashin kansa	Bɨwä	Yamma ya yi	Babban Ɗan'uwa
Yarda da Yarda	nit͡shä	Bayanin	Ƙaramin Ɗan'uwa
Nichha'o Chhachi ya yi hakan:	nitshäʔo tshätsi	Yamma da kuma yaren da ya fi dacewa	'Ya'yan'uwa maza ko mata
Aachhuwa, da kuma karamar hukuma,	ätshuwa tshuwa	Yankin da ke cikin sararin samaniya	Yaron mahaifiyarta
An yi amfani da shi sosai	pek-wa	Tun da ita	Kudi
Shirin da ya dace	titin	Wani abu ne da aka yi amfani da shi	Tufafi
Cha'wa: Kun	t͡säʔwä	Fitowa da	Ruwa
Rashin aiki	Ni	Sakamakon haka	Wutar
Yassaƙin Duniya	thuli	Yankin da ya shafi	Gurasar
Sampicha ya kasance mai ban sha'awa	sämpit͡sä	Bayani da aka yi	Millet
Kyakkyawan halittar, da kuma	khäwät wät͡shon	Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashiya	Ana shayar da ruwan inabi a cikin gida
Hengmawa da ke ƙasa	heŋmäwä	Har ila yau, ya kuma	Rum/Whisky/Brandy
Ya kasance mai ban sha'awa	Sai dai	Rubuce-rubuce	Nama
Chhüna da kuma Chaya	t͡shɨnä	Aikin kasar	Aunty (Yar'uwar Uba)
Sai dai, ya fito ne daga kasar nan	diwä dimä	Sun mutu bayan sun mutu	Kakan, Kakar
Yana da kyau a kan hanyar	Ohyätni	Ya kasance mai sauƙi	A nan
Moyatni ya yi fice a kan hanyar	matsakaici	Ya tashi	A can
Ya kasance a cikin	khädä	Nisha	A ina
Rashin hankali	demni	Yunanin	Ta yaya
Rubuce-rubuce	Tun da yake	Lokacin da ya yi aiki	Wannan yawa
Chama Palatt	t͡sämä	Rashin aiki	Don cin abinci
Don haka ya faru da	tɨ t͡sä	Ya yi karatu a kan wani bangare?	Kuna so ku ci?
Kok Tücha? Hakan ya sa ya faru da shi?	kok tɨ t͡sä	Shin, wane irin ne?	Shin kun ci shinkafa?
Küng	kɨŋ	Ka'ida haka	hakora
Ütlo	Ya kasance a ciki	Ya zama haka	mummunar
Za a yi amfani da shi	munimä	Yaren da aka yi	Katin

Fasahar sauti

Sautin sautin

Sautin sautin

	A gaba	Tsakiya	Komawa
	ba a zagaye ba
Kusa	Sunan i kuma SunanBayaniSanya	ə ƙunshiYa kasance a wurinSanya	u kasance a cikinYa kasance a cikinSanya
Tsakanin Tsakiya	Yanayi kuma YanayiYanayi neSanya		o cikin shekara taAiki ne akanSanya
Bude-tsakiya			An samo asali ne daga wannan yanayinAn tsara shiSanya
Bude		A. yi amfani da shiAn yi amfani da shiSanya

• ʌ wasali ya zo ne a cikin Bantawa saboda tasirin yaren Nepali Zuwa ba a amfani dashi da yawa kamar a wasu yaren Tibet na Burma.
• a zamanin yau wasu yaren ko a yankin na iya furta /ɨ/ a matsayin [ʌ], [u], ko [ə].

Misali: mɨk (ido) ana furta shi azaman mʌk, pɨ (macijin) azaman pʌ.

Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

Alamun sautin Bantawa

			Biyuwa	Dental	Apico-alveolar	Lamino-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Gishiri
Hanci			Sunan m aka yiYa ƙunshiSanya		A cikin wannan yanayinAn tsara shi da yawaSanya			ŋ kamata a yi amfani da shiRuwa da aka yiSanya
Plosive / Africate Rashin lafiya	ba tare da murya ba	Ba a sha shi ba	Sunan p aka yiWannan yanayinSanya	t̪ yayaYanayinSanya	Sunubiyar TsaroSanya taƙaice	Sashen t͡s za a iya yiYa kuma shigaSanya		Sashen da ak tsaraYanayinSanya	ʔ:Yanayin:Sanya
		da ake nema	Yanayin ph ya shafiYa shafiSanya	Sunan t̪h shafiWannan ya faruSanya	th daga wannan lokacinSiffar da aka yiSanya	An yi amfani da t͡sh a matsayinDakinSanya		Sunan kh aka yiSunan hakaSanya
	murya	Ba a sha shi ba	Sunan b aka yiSiffar LatinSanya	d̪ tsara shi neYa shafiSanya	SashenSanya ta yi	Sunan zuraWannan ya shafiSanya		ɡ samo asali ne daga wannan yanayinYa kasance a cikinSanya
		da ake nema	__hau__ Sunan Bɦ ke cikin wannanYanayinSanya	d̪ɦ kamata a yi amfani da shiWannan ya faruSanya	Wannan dɦ faru da hakaWannan shi ne abin da ya faruSanya	Tun d͡zɦ haka, da kuma na'uraWannan shi ne na cikiSanya		ɡɦ yi amfani da shi a cikinYa kasance a Sanya
Fricative					s da aka yiAn yi amfani da shi a matsayinSanya				An yi amfani da shi a matsayinYa kamata a yi la'akari da shiSanya
Trill					Sunan r aka yiYa zama hakaSanya
Hanyar gefen					Sashen l aka yiYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya
Kusanci			w w w w SashenWannan shi ne nufinSanya				j zama hakaWannan ya faruSanya

• Glotta stop [ʔ] yana daya daga cikin wakoki na harshen Bantawa wanda aka wakilta ta amfani da shi.
• Dental consonant da Apico-alveolar ba sa yin wani bambanci yayin magana.
• Ana amfani da Kirat Sirijunga lipi da Devanagari lipi don rubuta harshen Bantawa a Nepal.

Ƙarin karantawa

• Winter, Werner. 2003. A Bantawa Dictionary. Halin da ke cikin ilimin harshe - Takaddun 20. Ɗan rago na Gruyter: New York.
• Daidaitaccen bayani. 2009. A Grammar na Bantawa . Jami'ar Leiden PhD Thesis. LOT Rubutun Tattaunawa: Utrecht.
• (六郎 Rokurō ed.).

Haɗin waje

• Tsarin Bantawa
• Bantawa: lura da harshen da ke fuskantar barazana