Harshen Bullom So
| Bullom So | |
|---|---|
| Asali a | Sierra Leone, Guinea |
| Yanki | coast of Guinea, near the Sierra Leone border |
'Yan asalin magana |
Template:Sigfig in Sierra Leone (2019)e25 Few in Guinea[1] |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
buy |
| Glottolog |
bull1247[2] |
Harshen Bullom So, wanda kuma ake kira Mmani, [3] Mani, ko Mandingi, harshe ne mai hatsari a halin yanzu ana magana da shi a wasu kauyuka kadan a yankin Samu na gundumar Kambia ta Saliyo, kusa da iyakar Guinea . Yana cikin reshen Mel na dangin yaren Nijar – Kongo kuma yana da alaka da yaren Bom musamman. Aure tsakanin Bullom Don haka masu magana da masu magana da Temne da Susu ya zama ruwan dare. Kamar yadda sauran masu magana da Bullom haka duk sun haura 60, ana daukar harshen a matsayin ƙazafi .[ana buƙatar hujja]</link>[ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2013)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span> ] [ da'awar iri daya a cikin Eth. An yi watsi da 15 ]
Tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A cewar Childs, Mani sun taba mamaye wani yanki mai girma fiye da inda ake jin yaren a yau. A farkon karni na 18, masarautar Mani ta tashi daga Saliyo zuwa Guinea. Daga baya masu magana da Temne-Baga sun maye gurbinsu tare da yankin bakin teku, daga baya kuma ta hanyar Soso, ta hanyar yaki, mamayewa da tattarawa. [4]
Rabewa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Harshen Bullom So (Mani) yaren Niger-Congo ne na rukunin kungiyar Mel . Yana da alaka da Kisi, Sherbro, Kim da Bom .
Fassarar sauti[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Labial | Dental | Palatal | Velar | Labial-<br id="mwQw"><br><br><br></br> maras kyau | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | ɲ ⟨ ny ⟩ | ŋ | ||||
| M | a fili | p b | t d | tʃ ⟨ c ⟩ | k | gb | |
| prenasalized | ᵐp | ⁿt ⁿd | ᵑk | ||||
| Mai sassautawa | f | s | h | ||||
| Ruwa | r l | ||||||
| Semi wasali | j ⟨ y ⟩ | w | |||||
Prosody[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Mafi yawan nau'in harafi a Bullom So (Mani) shine CV da CVC. Har ila yau, hanci na iya zama syllabic, ko da yake sun kasance ba a sani ba, kamar V kawai. [4]
Ana saka wasula idan codeas na harafi ya ƙunshi hanci . Ga wasu misalai daga Childs (2011: 37):
Regressive hanci Assimilation
- /wam/ [wãm] or [wã] 'ten'
- /tún/ [tũ] 'commit'
- /bin/ [bĩ] 'plank'
- /nyɛ̀n/ [nyɛ̃] 'baki'
Nahawu[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Rubutun Rubutu[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Rubutun Mani kafin karni na Ashirin da daya[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Gustavus Reinhold Nyländer ya fassara Bisharar Matta zuwa Bullom So, kuma an haɗa wasu sassan Littafi Mai Tsarki a cikin Littafinsa na Addu'a. Kungiyar Mishan ta Ikilisiya (CMS) ta buga wadannan a cikin 1816.
Misalin Rubutu a cikin Rubutun Nyländer[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Addu'ar Ubangiji[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Bullom So (fassarar Nyländer) | Turanci (New King James fassarar) |
|---|---|
| Oh Papah hə wonno cheh ko kə foy. Ka yi la'akari da halin da ake ciki. Baily moa leh hun. Peh na nghah yempy tre pehne n yehmah oh kə upock u tre kə manleh peh na nghah yeo ko kə foy. Nkah hə yempy dyo pallë o pallë. Nlap ndərick mbang n hə kə manleh hə lap nokono hə nyərick mbang ngha tre; M ma hə yuck kə nghehl; nfoke hə kə dyah bang ah tre. Moa bə baily tre, moa bə fossoh buleing, moa bə gbentha bomu tre trim o trim. Amin. | Ubanmu na sama, A tsarkake sunanka. Mulkin ku ya zo. A yi nufinka a duniya kamar yadda ake yin a cikin sama. Ka ba mu abincin yau da kullun. Kuma Ka gafarta mana laifofinmu, kamar yadda muke gafarta wa ma’abuta bashi. Kada kuma ka kai mu cikin jaraba, amma ka cece mu daga mugun. Domin naka ne mulki da iko da daukaka har abada. Amin. |
Tsare-tsare daga “Tattaunawa Tsakanin Mai Wa’azin Kirista da dan Kasar Bullom”[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Bullom So | Turanci |
|---|---|
| 1. Ngheuēhnghatukēh, lileh ngha heleh; ërum bulēing ńviss ngha sosə tre ah?
Foy. Batukeh. 2. Mpal ë woo ngho Foy ngha ńyërick ń tre manah būlēing? Mpal da mainbull. 3. Yeh Foy ngha boa pal ë maiting? Ku kasance tare da ku a hankali .... |
1. Wanda ya yi sama, da kasa, da teku; duk itatuwa, da dabbobi, da kifi?
Allah. 2. A cikin kwanaki nawa ne Allah ya yi wadannan abubuwa duka? A cikin kwanaki shida. 3. Menene Allah ya yi a rana ta bakwai? Ya huta a kan ta bakwai, ya tsarkake ta.... |
Mani da aka rubuta a cikin karni na Ashirin da ɗaya[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Samfuran Rubutun daga Aikin Takardun Mani[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namede25 - ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Bullom So". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Wilson, William André Auquier. 2007. Guinea Languages of the Atlantic group: description and internal classification. (Schriften zur Afrikanistik, 12.) Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:0
Adabi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Yara, G. Tucker (2011). Nahawun Mani . ( Mouton Grammar Library ; 54.) Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. ISBN 978-3-11-026497-5
- Yara, G. Tucker (2007). Hin so suke ! oma si fɔ mfɔ mmani! (A Mani primer). Portland; KO: Real Estate Publishers, Inc.
- Moity, Marcel (1948). Étude sur la langue mmani (ms ba a buga ba). Dakar: IFAN.
- Moity, Marcel (1957). Bayanan kula tabbas les mani (Guinée Française). Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Afrique Noire 19:302-307.
- Nyländer, Gustavus Reinhold. 1814. Nahawu da Kalmomin Harshen Bullom. London: Kungiyar Mishan ta Kirista.
- Pichl, Walter J. (1980). Mmani. A cikin Tassoshin Bayanan Harshen Yammacin Afirka, vol. 2 . ME Kropp Dakubu (ed.), 1–6. Accra da Leiden: Ƙungiyar Harsuna ta Yammacin Afirka da Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka.
Hanyoyin hadi na waje[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Zaɓi Sashe na Littafin Addu'a gama-gari, bisa ga Amfani da Ikilisiyar United Church of England and Ireland (1816), wanda Gustavus Reinhold Nyländer ya fassara, Richard Mammana ya lazimta.
- Mani Documentation Project (2004-2006), Takardun yaren Mani, harshen Kudancin Atlantic na Niger-Congo