Harshen Heiban
| Heiban | |
|---|---|
| Ebang | |
| Asali a | Sudan |
| Yanki | Nuba Hills |
| Ƙabila | Heiban Nuba |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
hbn |
| Glottolog |
heib1243[1] |
Harshen Heiban, Ebang, ko Abul, yare ne na Nijar-Congo a cikin dangin Heiban da ake magana a garin Heiban da ke cikin Dutsen Nuba na Kordofan, Sudan
Harshen harshe[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Sunaye[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Stevenson ne ya kirkiro rikodin farko na tsarin aji na Heiban (1956/57), inda ya rarraba kowane aji na suna zuwa sassan biyu, na farko shine don nau'i ɗaya kuma na biyu don nau'in jam'i. Kowane aji na suna yana da prefix mai nunawa. Rarraba nau'ikan suna faruwa ne saboda sunayen da ke cikin wani rukuni. Baƙo (1997) ya ci gaba da ba da gudummawa ga binciken Stevenson ta hanyar gano ƙarin rarrabuwa don sunaye.
| Ma'anar Ma'anar | Gabatarwa ta Musamman | Gabatarwa da yawa | Bayyanawa ta ma'ana |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1,2 | kw-/gw-
ku-/gu- (Sai) |
l- li-/lu- li- | Mutane, dabbobi da yanayi ban da itatuwa |
| 1,2 | (Sai) | - Ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun | Dangi |
| 3,4 | Kw-/gw-
Ku-/gu- |
j-/
Ji-/ju- |
Itace |
| 5,6 | l- | ŋ-/nw- | Sadarwa |
| 7,8 | k-/g- | j-/ | Abubuwa na yau da kullun |
| 9,10 | dh- | d-/r- | Tsawon lokaci. abubuwa masu laushi |
| 11,12 | dh- | j-/ | Abubuwa masu girma da haɗari |
| 13,14 | k-/g- | Ny- | Hallow da abubuwa masu zurfi |
| 15,16 | ŋ- | ny- | Dabbobi da ƙananan abubuwa |
| 20 | ŋ- | - | Ruwan ruwa da sunaye marasa ma'ana |
| 21,22 | ŋ- | j- | Goat |
| 25,26 | (Sai) | j- | Kalmomin da suka fara da wasali |
Wakilan sunaye[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ana rarraba sunayen a cikin Heiban a matsayin 'sunan suna da 'sunan da aka ɗaure' ko 'sunan sunaye'. Rubuce-rubucen farko na yaren, kamar a cikin aikin Guest (1997) kawai ya kai ga ambaton sunayen sarauta kyauta.
| Wakilin batun (tsaya- kadai) | Abubuwan da ke tattare da su | |
|---|---|---|
| Mutum na farko | Yankin da ake kira | -nyi |
| Mutum na biyu | Magana | -aŋa |
| Mutum na uku | ŋeda | -nyi |
| Mutum na farko na biyu | daŋa | -ilo |
| Mutum na farko da yawa | Anaŋa/alŋa | -ilo |
| Mutum na biyu jam'i | Ƙananan Ƙananan Ƙasashen | -ji |
| Mutum na uku da yawa | ŋidiŋa | -ilo |
Baƙo ya ci gaba da lura cewa a cikin Heiban, ba za a iya kiran wani abu ko dabba tare da wakilan mutum na uku ba, amma tare da ma'anar abu. Sunayen da aka haɗa su ne morphemes a cikin wani rikitarwa na magana wanda ke nufin wasu mahalarta amma ba takamaiman aji ba ne.
| Farko | Tsakanin labarai | Ƙarshe | Ayyukan haɗin kai | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mutum na farko | Jirgin sama | -inyi- | -iny | Batun da abu |
| Mutum na biyu | Maɗaukaki- | -aŋa- | -aŋa | Batun da abu |
| Mutum na uku | ŋwu- | -uŋwu- | -uŋw | Kullum batun |
| Mutum na farko mai yawa mai ma'ana | Al- | Batun | ||
| Mutum na farko da aka yi amfani da shi a jam'i | Ana- | -ana- | -ana | Batun |
| Abu na mutum na farko da yawa | ji- | -iji- | -Ije | Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su |
| Mutum na biyu mai yawa | Nya- | -anya- | -anya | Batun |
| Abu na mutum na biyu da yawa | Ma'anar- | -a (i) ji- | -axis | Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su |
| Yawancin mutane | Al- | -shi- | -lo | ? |
| Adireshin da yawa | -ul | Adireshin da yawa |
Wakilan da aka haɗa don mutum na 1 da na 2 suna da takamaiman siffofi don wakiltar batun da abu. A cikin nau'i ɗaya, batun da abu na iya zama iri ɗaya a cikin rubutun amma ana zaton suna da bambance-bambance na furta. Har ila yau, akwai mutum na farko da ya dace da jam'i na musamman kuma ya hada da nau'ikan batutuwa. Bugu da ƙari, akwai wakilin mutum na uku wanda ba shi da wata magana ga kowane aji.
Lambobin[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Adadin Heiban | |
|---|---|
| 1 | gwetipo |
| 2 | ram |
| 3 | Thiril |
| 4 | koriŋŋ |
| 5 | thudhna |
| 6 | nairil |
| 7 | Koriŋ zuwa Thiril |
| 8 | dubaŋ |
| 9 | Thudhina a koriŋa |
| 10 | mutuwa |
| 11 | Ka mutu a gidan sarauta |
| 12 | Ka mutu rago |
| 13 | Mutuwa a cikin Thiril |
| 14 | Ka mutu a koriŋ |
| 15 | Ka mutu a thudhna |
| 16 | Ka mutu ga wani nairil |
| 17 | Ka mutu a koriŋ a thiril |
| 18 | Ka mutu a duba |
| 19 | Ka mutu a thudina a koriŋ |
| 20 | dhure |
Bayan 20, lambobi suna ci gaba zuwa 200 a cikin irin wannan hanyar kamar matasa, tare da kalmar da ke nuna ikon 10 kawai canzawa.
Bayanan da aka ambata[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Ebang". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.