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Harshen Mamprusi

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Harshen Mamprusi
Baƙaƙen boko
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3 maw
Glottolog mamp1244[1]
Mampruli
Mamprusi, Mamprugu
Asali a Ghana
Ƙabila Mutanen Mamprusi
'Yan asalin magana
 230,000 (2004)[2]
Nnijer–Kongo
  • Atlantic–Congo
    • Harsunan Gur
      • Arewa
        • Harsunan Oti–Volta
          • Yammacin-Oti/Volta
            • Kudu maso gabas
              • Mampruli
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3 maw
Glottolog mamp1244[1]


Mamprusi (autonym Mampruli, kuma Mampelle, Ŋmampulli) yaren Gur ne da al'ummar Mamprusi ke magana a arewacin Ghana. Yana da wani bangare na fahimtar juna tare da Dagbani. Harshen Mamprusi ana magana da shi a cikin babban bel a sassan arewacin yankin Arewacin Ghana, wanda ya tashi daga yamma zuwa gabas daga Yizeesi zuwa Nakpanduri kuma yana kan garuruwan Gambaga/Nalerigu da Walewale. A cikin Mamprusi, ɗayan mai magana shine Ŋmampuriga, da yawa (jam'i) su ne Ŋmampurisi kuma ƙasar Mamprusi ita ce ta Ŋmampurigu.

Harshen na dangin Gur ne wanda wani yanki ne na dangin harshen Nijar – Kongo, wanda ya mamaye mafi yawan yankin Saharar Afirka (Bendor-Samuel 1989). A cikin Gur yana cikin ƙungiyar Western Oti – Volta, kuma musamman gungu na kudu maso gabas na harsuna shida zuwa takwas (Naden 1988, 1989). Harsunan da ke da alaƙa da kamanceceniya da ake magana a kusa su ne Dagbani, Nanun, Kamara da Hanga a yankin Arewa, da Kusaal, Nabit da Talni a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya. Ba su da alaka sosai da Farefare, Waali, Dagaari, Birifor da Safalaba a shiyyar Gabas ta Gabas da Gabas ta Yamma da kudu maso yammacin yankin Arewa.

Kwatankwacin ɗan littafin yare akan harshe an buga shi; akwai taƙaitaccen zane a matsayin misalin wannan rukunin harsuna a Naden 1988.[3][4] R. P. Xavier Plissart[5] ya wallafa tarin karin magana na Mampruli, kuma an buga fassarar Sabon Alkawari,[6] samfurin da za a iya karantawa kuma a ji shi kan layi.[7] Hakanan akwai farkon darussan Mampruli waɗanda ake iya jin yaren magana a cikinsu.[8]

Yaruka

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Akwai bambancin yare kaɗan kaɗan. Yamma (Walewale zuwa White Volta) da Far Western (yamma na Farin Volta, yankin da waɗanda ke gabas suka san shi da "Ƙasashen Waje") suna da wasu ma'auni na furci daban-daban. Yaren Gabas mai nisa da aka fi sani da Durili ya fi shahara wajen furta [r] da [l] inda sauran Mampruli ke furta [l] da [r] bi da bi, da kuma ga wasu sifofi na sifofi.

Ilimin harshe

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Wasula

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Mampruli yana da wasulan sauti guda goma: gajere biyar gajere da dogayen wasulan biyar:

Baƙi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tsarin rubutu

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An rubuta Mampruli a cikin haruffan Latin, amma yawan karatun ya yi ƙasa kaɗan. Rubutun rubutun da ake amfani da shi a halin yanzu yana wakiltar adadin bambance-bambancen allophonic. Akwai bayanin tsarin tsara rubutun.[9][10]

Haruffa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
a aa b d e ɛ ee f g ' gb gy h i k kp ky l m n ny ŋ ŋm o ɔ oo p r s t u uu w y z ’

Nahawu

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Mampruli yana da tsarin nahawu na Oti-Volta mai ra'ayin mazan jiya. Tsarin da aka kafa a cikin jimlolin Mampruli yawanci wakili ne – fi’ili – abu. Akwai mai sauƙi, binciken nahawu mara fasaha.[11]

Ƙamus ɗin da ba a saba gani ba na harsuna uku (Mampruli-Spanish-Ingilishi)[12] ya maye gurbin ƙamus na ƙamus mai sauƙi mai sauƙin dogaro:[13] cikakken ƙamus na Mampruli yana kan shiri.[14] Ana iya ganin samfurin kalmomi ɗari akan wurin aikin Kamusi.[15]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Mamprusi". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Glottolog" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ Samfuri:Ethnologue18
  3. ↑ Tony, Naden. Gur Languages. London: Kegan Paul International for I.A.I. /W.A.L.S. pp. 12–49.
  4. ↑ Dakubu, Mary Esther Kropp [ed.] (1988). The Languages of Ghana. London: Kegan Paul International for I.A.I. /W.A.L.S.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  5. ↑ Plissart, Xavier (1983). Mampruli Proverbs. Tervuren: Musée Royale de l'Afrique.
  6. ↑ n/a, n/a (2001). Naawunni Kunni Palli (God's New Volume). Tamale: GILLBT.
  7. ↑ "Matiu 1".
  8. ↑ "Red Mountain Mampruli Project". Archived from the original on 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2022-06-05.
  9. ↑ Naden, Di / Tony (2003). Community involvement in orthography design. Legon, Ghana: Linguistics Dept., University of Ghana. pp. 218–221.
  10. ↑ Dakubu, , M.E. Kropp / E.K.Osam [eds.] (2003). Studies in the Languages of the Volta Basin 1. Legon, Ghana: Linguistics Dept., University of Ghana.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  11. ↑ "A Sketch of Basic Grammar in Mampruli" (PDF).[permanent dead link]
  12. ↑ Arana, Evangelina, / Mauricio Swadesh (1967). Diccionario analitico del mampruli. Mexico D.F.: Museo de las Culturas, , Instituto Nacional de Anthropologia e Historia.
  13. ↑ Naden, Tony [ed.] (1997). Mampruli Vocabulary / Ŋmampulli Yɛla. Gbeduuri, N.R.: Mamprint (mimeo).CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  14. ↑ "Aardvarks Mampruli".
  15. ↑ "Mampruli". Archived from the original on 2013-12-03. Retrieved 2014-05-22.
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