Harshen Wahgi

Harshen Wahgi
Dangin harshen	Harsunan Papuan Harshen Wahgi
Baƙaƙen rubutu	Baƙaƙen boko
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	wgi
Glottolog	nucl1620

Wahgi yaren Trans–New Guinea ne na reshen Chimbu–Wahgi wanda kusan mutane 100,000 ke magana a tsaunukan Papua New Guinea . Kamar sauran harsunan Chimbu, Wahgi yana da wasu baƙaƙe na gefe da ba a saba gani ba .

Fassarar sauti

Consonants

Wahgi consonants

			Bilabial	(palatalized)<br id="mwHQ"><br>dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Nasal			Samfuri:IPAlink	Samfuri:IPAlink~Samfuri:IPAlink	Samfuri:IPAlink		Samfuri:IPAlink
Obstruent		oral	Samfuri:IPAlink	Samfuri:IPAlink~Samfuri:IPAlink	Samfuri:IPAlink		Samfuri:IPAlink
		prenasalised	Samfuri:IPAlink	Samfuri:IPAlink~Samfuri:IPAlink	Samfuri:IPAlink		Samfuri:IPAlink
Lateral				Samfuri:IPAlink~Samfuri:IPAlink	Samfuri:IPAlink		Samfuri:IPAlink
Semivowel			Samfuri:IPAlink			Samfuri:IPAlink

An “raba baƙaƙen hakori” tare da rufewa tare da nisa mai nisa na muryar murya. Wannan mai yiwuwa yana nufin cewa su laminal ne, kuma baƙaƙen alveolar suna apical . Baƙaƙen hakori suna da allfofi masu ɓarna a cikin bambancin kyauta.

Bayanin (palatalized) hakori yana nuna cewa suna iya zama alveolo-palatal ko wani abu makamancin haka. Wannan an ƙara ba da shawarar ta wasulan tsaka-tsakin da /ɬ̪/</link> , a fili har ma ta hanyar allophone ɗin sa mara kyau: /oɬ̪/ [oɪ̯ɬ̪]</link> 'wata', /ˈéɬ̪é/ [ˈéɬ̪ɪ̯è]</link> [sic] 'nan'.

Sinadarin hanci na baƙaƙen prenasalized yana sillabic idan ba a riga shi da wasali ba, amma yana ɗaukar ƙananan sautin da ba ya bambanta kuma ba a taɓa damuwa ba: /ˈmbà/ [m̩̀ˈba]</link> 'amma', /ˈpɪ̀ɬ̪mbé/ [ˈpɪ̀ɬ̪m̩̄bé]</link> 'mun sani'. Baƙaƙen da ba a kai ba ana tsinkayar a matsayin sassa ɗaya kalma-da farko, amma azaman hanci + dakatar da kalma-tsakaici.

Nasals da semivowels ba su da wani sanannen allophony, baya ga zaɓin zaɓi na /n̪/</link> . Sauran baƙaƙe sun bambanta sosai, tare da yawancin bambance-bambancen zama na matsayi:

Allophones na Consonantal

	kalma-farko	tsaka-tsaki	kalma-karshe	kalma-farko, </br> magana-tsakaici	kalma-karshe, </br> magana-tsakaici
/p/	p~b </br> pʷ~bʷ	p~b	pʰ~ɸ		pʰ~ɸ~pᵊ
/mb/	ᵐp~ᵐb	mp~mb	mpʰ~mɸ		mpʰ~mɸ~mpᵊ
/s/	t̪~t̪s̪~s̪~t̪ɕ~ɕ </br> s̪ʷ	t̪s̪~s̪~t̪ɕ~ɕ </br> t	t̪s̪~s̪~t̪ɕ~ɕ
/nz/	d̪~ⁿd	n̪d̪~n̪d̪z̪~n̪d̪ʑ~n̪t̪~n̪s̪~n̪t̪	n̪t̪~n̪s̪~n
/t/	t~d </br> t </br>	da ~ r	r̥	t~d </br>	ɗ~r~r̥ </br> t̚
/nd/	ba ~ d	nt~n	ntʰ		ntʰ~ ba
/k/	ku ~ ɡ </br> kʷ~ɡʷ	ku ~ ɡ </br> ŋ (?)	kʰ
/ng/	ᵑk~ᵑɡ </br> Ƙimar	tsink~ŋ	(ba ya faruwa)
/ɬ̪/	(ba faruwa)	~ɬ̪~ɮ̪	Ƙirƙiri
/ƙa/		ɺ̥~ɺ̥~ɺ̥tʰ~ɺ̥tr̥~ɺ̥r̥	ɺ̥~ɺ̥~ɺ̥tʰ~ɺ̥tr̥~ɺ̥r̥
/ʟ/		ʟ~kʟ~ʟ̝~ɢ̆	ʟ~ku

Yaren kudancin Kuma yana da waɗannan ɓangarorin guda uku, kodayake alveolar ba a saba gani ba. (Yaren Danga na arewa yana da gefe biyu, gogaggun haƙori da ɓangarorin alveolar [ɬ] .</link> ko [ɬ̪]</link> kafin hakora da kuma alveolar consonants; Alveolar kawai zuwa [ɬ]</link> kafin alveolar consonants. A cikin nau'ikan wuri tare da kari wanda ya fara da /t/, /t/ yana bayan gefe, ta yadda a saman Wahgi ya bambanta haƙori vs alveolar lateral fricatives da alveolar lateral fricatives vs flaps.

Wasula

Wahgi wasali

	Gaba	Tsakiya	Baya
Kusa	i		u
Kusa-kusa	ɪ
Tsakar	e		ɔ
Bude		ä

/a/ appears as [ä] in all positions except before /k/ and /p/, where it is [ɐ]. In medial position it is in occasional free variation with [æ].

/ɔ/ appears as [ɔ] in all positions except before nasals, where it is [ɒ]. Word-finally it is in free variation with [o].

/u/ is reduced to labialization ([ʷ]) between /p t s k ng/ and stressed /i/ or /ɪ/.

Duk wasula sun karkata zuwa [ɪ̈]</link> a cikin rufaffiyar ma'auni na ƙarshe mara ƙarfi (ba tare da la'akari da "clitics" na gaba ba).

A cikin saurin magana, rashin damuwa /u, ɪ, e/</link> ɓata tsakanin maɗaukakiyar kalmomi. Misali, a cikin saurin magana /ˈpetepˈka/</link> ana kiransa [ˈpeɾpˈka]</link> .

Sautin da damuwa

Wahgi ya bayyana yana da sautunan kalmomi guda uku maimakon sautin sauti akan kowace ma'auni. Aƙalla harafi ɗaya zai kasance yana da babban sautin sauti, wanda zai haifar da sifofi mai tsayi, tashi da faɗuwa a kan kalmomi guda ɗaya ko biyu, da kololuwa, tashi da faɗuwa a kan kalmomi uku zuwa biyar. Damuwa kuma ya bayyana yana da bambanci, amma bincike yana da wahala.

A kan duka monosyllabic da disyllabic kalmomi, sautunan guda uku ana gane su suna girma, tashi da faɗuwa: [HH], [LH] da [HL]. Binciken sautunan sautin sauti guda biyu, HIGH da LOW, yana da rikitarwa ta bayyanar sautunan kalmomi guda uku akan monosyllables tare da codas na ƙarshe (da gajerun wasulan sauti).