Harsunan Burkina Faso
Burkina Faso ta kasance kasa ce mai harsuna da yawa. Kimanin adadin yaruka har guda 70 ake magana a wurin, wanda kusan 66 daga cikinsu ‘yan asali ne.[1]Kimanin kashi 52.5% na yawan jama'a ke magana da Mooré, musamman a yankin tsakiyar da ke kusa da babban birnin kasar, Ouagadougou.
A yammaci, harsunan Mande suna yaɗuwa, waɗanda suka fi rinjaye su ne Dyula (wanda kuma ake rubuta Jula ko Dioula), wasu da suka haɗa da Bobo, Samo, da Marka. Peul (Fula: fulfulde), yaren fulfulde, ana magana da shi a arewa, duk da haka ana amfani da shi a duk fadin kasar a matsayin yare. Ana magana da Gourmantché a gabas, yayin da ake magana da yaren Bissa a kudu.[2]
Ilimi ga kurame a Burkina yana amfani da Harshen Kurame na Amirka, wanda kurma ɗan ƙasar Amurka Andrew Foster ya gabatar. Ana amfani da yaren kurame na Burkina a Ouagadougou[3]
Harsuna na hukuma da na Asali
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Mooré shi ne yaren hukuma da aka fi amfani da shi a ƙasar, tare da kashi 48 cikin ɗari na Burkinabe masu magana har zuwa 2008 kuma yare ne.[4] Bissa, Dyula, da Peul suma harsunan hukuma ne. Wannan ya haifar da firgici ga masu magana da sauran harsuna, waɗanda suka nuna rashin amincewa da hakan a matsayin zalunci.[5]
An cire sunan kasar daga kalmomi a cikin harsuna biyu na hukuma, tare da 'Burkina' ma'anar 'mutumin mai gaskiya' a cikin Mooré da 'Faso' ma'ana 'gidan uba' a Dyula.
Peul ita ce yare a yawancin sassa na Burkina Faso.[6] Ana amfani da shi sosai a arewa da gabashin ƙasar a matsayin yaren farko, inda kashi 8.36 na al'ummar ƙasar ke iya magana.[7][2]Dyula kuma yare ne kuma ana amfani da shi sosai azaman yaren ciniki, musamman a yamma da kuma cikin Bobo-Dioulasso.[2]Wani bincike na 2014 ya ba da rahoton cewa kashi 5.7% na yawan jama'a suna magana da Dyula a matsayin babban yaren su a gida, [8]amma adadin masu magana da L2 yana iya zama mafi girma. Bisa kashi 2.85% na yawan jama'a ke magana.
Yawancin harsunan da ake magana sun kasance na dangin Mande ko Gur. A yankunan karkara na Burkina Faso, ana amfani da yarensa na asali don ayyukan gama gari.[2]A cikin manyan garuruwa, yawancin mutane suna jin harsuna da yawa.[9]Kodayake ba a gane shi a matsayin harshen hukuma ba, Gourmanché yana magana da kashi 5.51% na yawan jama'a. Sauran muhimman harsunan tsiraru sun haɗa da Bwamu, wanda kashi 1.91% ke magana, Dagara, wanda kashi 1.76% ke magana; da Samo, wanda kashi 1.66% ke magana[10]. Dagara ana magana ne a yankin kudu maso yammacin kasar Burkina Faso kuma yana aro daga Faransanci da Ingilishi zuwa karamin digiri.
Harsunan da ke cikin haɗari sun haɗa da:
1. Jalkunan [aka Dyala, Dyalanu, Jalkuna[11]
2. Kalamsé [aka Kalemsé, Kalenga, Sàmòmá[12]
3. Khe [aka Kheso, Bambadion-Kheso[13]
4. Khisa [aka Komono, Khi Khipa, Kumwenu[14]
5. Natioro [aka Koo'ra, Natyoro, Natjoro[15]
6. Pana (Burkina Faso) [aka Sama[16]
7. Pongu [aka Pongo, Pangu, Arringeu[17]
8. Sininkere [aka Silinkere, Silanke[18]
9.Tiéfo [aka Foro, Tyefo, Tyeforo[19]
10. Wara [aka Wára, Ouara, Ouala[20][21]
Harsunan Da suke Amfani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Harsunan aiki su ne Faransanci, waɗanda aka fara amfani da su lokacin da Faransa ta yi wa Burkina Faso mulkin mallaka a 1919, da Ingilishi. Faransanci harshe ne na koyarwa a makarantun ƙasar.[22]Koyaya, ƙasa da kashi 15 na yawan jama'a suna amfani da Faransanci a kowace rana.[4]Duk da wannan ƙananan kaso, akwai babban tallafi na kiyaye Faransanci a matsayin harshen koyarwa domin yana ba wa yara hanya zuwa motsin zamantakewa da kuma tabbatar da ci gaba da tallafin tattalin arziki don ilimi.[23]A gaskiya ma, a cewar wani rahoto na 1998, "Burkinabe bai ga sha'awar tura 'ya'yansu makaranta don koyon yaren da suka riga ya yi a gida ba"[24].
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=BF
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0810867703
- ↑ https://archive.org/details/signlanguagescam00bren
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Burkina_Faso#cite_ref-kone9_4-1
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Burkina_Faso#cite_note-kone10-5
- ↑ "Kwafin ajiya" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-10. Retrieved 2024-02-26.
- ↑ "Kwafin ajiya" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2024-02-26.
- ↑ "Kwafin ajiya". Archived from the original on 2020-09-23. Retrieved 2024-02-26.
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1853593621
- ↑ "Language contact in two border communities in Burkina Faso and Ghana. Lexical borrowings from French, English and African languages"
- ↑ http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/4004
- ↑ http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/4826
- ↑ http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/3814
- ↑ http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/3815
- ↑ http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/3816
- ↑ http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/4825
- ↑ http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/2206
- ↑ http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/3817
- ↑ http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/3818
- ↑ http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/3819
- ↑ http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/country/Burkina%20Faso
- ↑ http://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1171&context=internationaleducation
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Burkina_Faso#cite_note-23
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Burkina_Faso#cite_note-24