Harsunan Sudan
| Harsunan Sudan | |
|---|---|
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| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
A farkon karni na 20 na rarraba Harsunan Afirka, Sudanese kalma ce ta gama gari don harsunan da ake magana a cikin Sahel, daga Habasha a gabas zuwa Senegal a yamma.
Iyakar[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Rukunin ya dogara ne akan yanayin ƙasa da kuma saɓanin dalilai na rubutu . Daya daga cikin masu goyon bayanta shi ne masanin harsunan Jamus Carl Meinhof . Meinhof ya kasance yana aiki akan harsunan Bantu, waɗanda ke da tsarin tsarin suna, kuma ya lakafta duk harsunan ba a cikin Hamito-Semitic ko Bushman waɗanda ba su da irin wannan tsarin suna Sudansprachen . Akwai manyan rassa guda biyu; Gabashin Sudan ya kasance daidai da Nilo-Saharan sans Nilotic, da Sudan ta Yamma zuwa Nijar-Congo ba tare da Bantu ba.
Fage[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Westermann, almajirin Carl Meinhof, ya gudanar da bincike na kwatankwacin harshe a kan harsunan Sudan na lokacin a farkon rabin karni na ashirin. A cikin bincikensa na 1911, ya kafa rarrabuwa tsakanin 'Gabas' da 'Yamma' Sudanic, kwatankwacin kwatankwacin bambancin Nijar-Congo da Nilo-Sahara. Haɗin gwiwarsa na 1927 tare da Hermann Baumann ya sadaukar da kansa ga tarihin sake gina reshen Sudan ta Yamma. Ya kwatanta sakamakonsa da Meinhof's Proto-Bantu sake ginawa amma bai bayyana a sarari cewa suna da alaƙa ba, watakila saboda girmamawa ga malaminsa. Masana harsunan Faransa kamar Delafosse da Homburger, waɗanda irin waɗannan damuwar ba su hana su ba, sun fito fili game da haɗin kan Sudan ta Yamma da Bantu, galibi bisa ga bayanan synchronic lexicostatistical . A cikin 1935 "Character und Einteilung der Sudansprachen", Westermann ya kafa dangantaka tsakanin Bantu da Sudan ta Yamma. Wannan shi ne mafarin kafuwar iyali Nijar-Congo, duk da cewa sai a shekarar 1963 ne rabe-raben harsunan Afirka da Greenberg ya yi ya karfafa tare da yada manufar Nijar-Congo.
Nilo-Sahara[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Wasu masana ilimin harshe da suka haɗa da Christopher Ehret sun yi amfani da kalmar "Sudanci" musamman a cikin mahallin Nilo-Saharan don komawa zuwa ƙayyadaddun ka'idoji ( ƙungiyar monophyletic ) a cikin mafi girman Nilo-Saharan phylum . A cewar Ehret, Sudanic ɗaya ne daga cikin rassa biyu na farko na Nilo-Saharan, ɗayan kuma shine Komuz (wanda ya sake suna Koman ). Ehret's subclassification na Nilo-Saharan (2001)
Duba kuma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Harsunan Kongo-Sahara
- Harsunan Sudan ta Gabas
- Harsunan Mande
- Harsunan Nilo-Sahara
- Harsunan Nijar-Congo
Bayanan kula da nassoshi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Bayanan kula[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Ehret, Christopher, 2001. Sake Gina Tarihi-Kwanta Na Nilo-Saharan (Sprache und Geschichte a Afirka SUGIA, Beiheft 12). Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag. ISBN 3-89645-098-0
- Greenberg, Joseph H., 1963. Harsunan Afirka (Jarida ta Duniya na Linguistics na Amurka 29.1). Bloomington, IN: Jami'ar Indiana Press.
- Homburger, L. (1929) Noms des party du corps dans les langues Négro-Africaines, Paris: Champion.
- Westermann, Diedrich Hermann (1911) Die Sudansprachen: eine sprachvergleichende Nazarin .
- Westermann, Diedrich Hermann & Baumann, Hermann (1927) Die westlichen Sudansprachen und ihre Beziehungen zu Bantu .
- Westermann, Diedrich Hermann (1935) 'Charakter und Einteilung der Sudansprachen', Afirka, 8, shafi. 129-148.