Harsunan Totonac
| Mutane | Totonac |
|---|---|
| Harshe | Totonac |
| Kasar | Totonacapan |
Totonac wani rukuni ne na yaren Totonacan na Mexico, wanda Mutanen Totonac ke magana a cikin jihohin tsakiya na Mexico. Harshen Mesoamerica ne kuma yana nuna yawancin halaye waɗanda ke bayyana Yankin Harshe na Mesoamurka. Tare [3] wasu harsuna 62 na asali, an san shi a matsayin harshen hukuma na Mexico, kodayake a matsayin yare ɗaya.
Tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Mutanen Totonac 'yan asalin ƙasar ne a Totonacapan tare da Tekun Mexico . Tekun Mexico ya shimfiɗa daga iyakar Texas zuwa Yucatán Peninsula . Ya haɗa da mafi girman bambancin ƙasa a cikin ƙasar kuma ya ƙunshi nau'o'i masu yawa da kuma microhabitats. Mutanen Totonac suna raba yankinsu tare da Nahuwa, Otomí, da Tepehua (kada a rikita su da harshen Tepehuano), dukansu suna da al'ummomi a cikin yankin. Totonacapan tana gabashin tsakiyar Mexico tsakanin Puebla da Veracruz na yanzu. Mutanen Totonac sun yi ƙaura zuwa birane daban-daban kamar Veracruz, Puebla, da Mexico City. Ana kuma samun yawan mutanen Totonac a yankunan da aka mallaka na Uxpanapa a kudancin Veracruz da jihar Quintana Roo a gabashin Yucatán Peninsula. Toton suna zaune a cikin nau'ikan mahalli daban-daban guda biyu: tsaunuka masu sanyi da ruwan sama masu tsawo da kuma tsaunuka na bakin teku masu zafi.
Sunan[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Akwai wasu kafofin da ke da'awar cewa kalmar Totonac, kamar yadda mazauna suka bayyana, tana nufin "mutane da suka fito daga inda rana ta fito. " Sauran bayani game da kalmar sun ƙunshi ma'anoni masu banƙyama waɗanda ke nuna ƙarancin iyawa ko ikon fahimta. , akwai wasu fassarori na kalmar da ke nuna cewa Totonac ya ƙunshi bayanin cewa toto yana fassara zuwa "uku" yayin da naco ke fassara zuwa ""corazón" don ma'anar totonaco ta zama "zuciya uku".
Rarraba[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
[4] aka yi kwanan nan don rarraba harsunan Totonac ya raba Misantla daga babban rukuni na tsakiya, kuma ya kara raba wannan rukuni zuwa iyalan Arewa da Lowland-Sierra.
- Misantla
- Tsakiya
- Arewa
- Upper Necaxa
- Tecpatlán
- Zihuateutla
- Dutsen Xinolatépetl
- Apapantilla
- Ƙananan Ƙasa
- Filomeno Mata
- Ƙananan Ƙasa
- Sierro
- Coatepec †
- Coyutla
- Huehuetla
- Ozelonacaxtla
- Olintla
- Zapotitlán de Méndez
- Arewa
| Biyuwa | Alveolar | Palatal | Hanyar gefen | Velar | Rashin ƙarfi | Gishiri | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dakatar da | p | t | k | q | ʔ | ||
| Rashin lafiya | ts | tʃ | tɬ | ||||
| Fricative | s | ʃ | ɬ | h | |||
| Mai sautin | m | n | j | l | w |
- ↑ Lenguas indígenas y hablantes de 3 años y más, 2020 INEGI. Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020.
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Totonac". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Ley General de Derechos Lingüísticos de los Pueblos Indígenas ("General Law of the Linguistic Rights of Indigenous peoples"), decree published 13 March 2003
- ↑ Empty citation (help)