Mexico (ƙasa)

Mexico
	México (es); Mexico (en); Mexko (nah)
Flag of Mexico (en)	Mexican coat of arms (en)
	;
Take	Himno Nacional Mexicano (en)
Kirari	«Derecho ajeno es la paz»
Wuri
	23°N 102°W / 23°N 102°W
Babban birni	Mexico
Yawan mutane
Faɗi	124,777,324 (2017)
• Yawan mutane	63.26 mazaunan/km²
Harshen gwamnati	Yaren Sifen ; Nahuatl (mul) ; Yucatec Maya (en)
Labarin ƙasa
Bangare na	Latin America (en) , Amirka ta Arewa, MIKTA (mul) da Central America (en)
Yawan fili	1,972,550 km²
Wuri a ina ko kusa da wace teku	Pacific Ocean da Tekun Atalanta
Wuri mafi tsayi	Citlaltepetl (en) (5,610 m)
Wuri mafi ƙasa	Laguna Salada (en) (−10 m)
Sun raba iyaka da	Guatemala (ƙasa) ; Belize ; Tarayyar Amurka
Bayanan tarihi
Mabiyi	Republic of Yucatán (en) , Aztec Empire (en) , New Spain (en) , First Mexican Empire (en) da Restored Republic (en)
Ƙirƙira	16 Satumba 1810: separated from (en) Ispaniya Declaration of independence (en) (Q1145411, Q1131780); 1820s (<1822): separated from (en) Ispaniya Independence recognized by another country (en) ; 28 Satumba 1821: separated from (en) Ispaniya Declaration of independence (en) (Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire (en) ); Disamba 1836: separated from (en) Ispaniya Independence recognized by country from which it separated (en) (Federal Republic of Central America (en) )
Muhimman sha'ani	Mexican War of Independence (en) (27 Satumba 1821); Mexican Revolution (en) ; Cinco de Mayo (en) ; Pastry War (en)
Tsarin Siyasa
Tsarin gwamnati	Jamhuriyar Tarayya
Majalisar zartarwa	federal government of Mexico (en)
Gangar majalisa	Congress of the Union (en)
• President of Mexico (en)	Claudia Sheinbaum (30 Satumba 2024)
Ikonomi
Nominal GDP (en)	1,272,838,810,896 $ (2021)
Kuɗi	Mexican peso (en)
Bayanan Tuntuɓa
Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci	Central Time Zone (en) (a Jalisco, Veracruz (mul) , Oaxaca, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Michoacán (en) , Guerrero, Nuevo León (mul) , Querétaro (mul) , Coahuila, Guanajuato, Aguascalientes (mul) , Tamaulipas, Hidalgo, Yucatán (en) , Campeche (mul) , San Luis Potosí (en) , Colima (en) , Durango, Tabasco (mul) )
Suna ta yanar gizo	.mx (mul)
Tsarin lamba ta kiran tarho	+52
Lambar taimakon gaggawa	911 (en)
Lambar ƙasa	MX
Wasu abun
Yanar gizo	gob.mx

Wannan mukalar bata da Reference (Manazarta) ko daya, ka taimaka ta hanyar samar da Manazarta daga littafi ko yanar gizo, duba wannan shafin domin samun masaniya akan yanda zaka samar da Reference (Manazarta) a cikin wannan mukalar.

.

Estados Unidos Mexicanos (es)
Mexihcatl Tlacetililli Tlahtohcayotl(na)
Kunkiyar Tarayyar Mexico (ha)

Qasidar ƙasa: Himno Nacional Mexicano
Harshen: Ispaniyanci

Mexico ^[1](lafazi: /mekesiko/) ƙasa ne, da ke a nahiyar Amurka. Babban birnin Mexico ce. Mexico tana da yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba'i 1,972,550^[2]. Mexico tana da yawan jama'a 123,675,325, bisa ga jimillar shekarar 2017. Mexico tana da iyaka da Tarayyar Amurka (a arewa) kuma da Belize da Guatemala (a kudu maso gabas), Ya kasance yancin kai bayyana a shekarar 1810.^[3]

Tarihi

Wayewar 'yan asalin kafin tuntuɓar Turai (pre-1519)

Manyan labarai: Pre-Columbian Mexico da Mesoamerican jerin lokuta

Teotihuacan shine birni na 6 mafi girma a duniya a kololuwarsa (1 AD zuwa 500 AD) Haikali na Kukulcán (El Castillo) a cikin garin Maya na Chichen Itza Hoton zane-zane na Mexico-Tenochtitlan, babban birnin Aztec kuma birni mafi girma a Amurka a lokacin. An lalata birnin gaba daya a cikin 1521 na kewayen Tenochtitlan kuma an sake gina shi a matsayin birnin Mexico.

Farkon kayan tarihi na ɗan adam a Meziko su ne guntu na kayan aikin dutse da aka samu a kusa da ragowar wuta a cikin kwarin Mexico da radiocarbon- kwanan wata kusan shekaru 10,000 da suka gabata.^[4] Mexico ita ce wurin da ake noman masara, tumatur, da wake, wanda ya samar da rarar noma. Wannan ya ba da damar sauye-sauye daga masu farauta na paleo-Indiya zuwa ƙauyuka masu zaman kansu tun daga shekara ta 5000 BC.^[5]Lokacin da aka tsara na Mesoamerica ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin ɗakuna shida masu zaman kansu na wayewa, wannan zamanin ya ga asalin dabi'un al'adu daban-daban kamar al'adun addini da na alama, noman masara, zane-zane da gine-ginen gine-gine da tsarin lambobi na vigesimal (tushe 20) ^[6]wanda ya bazu daga al'adun Mexico zuwa sauran Mesoamerican al'adu. A cikin wannan lokaci, ƙauyuka sun zama masu yawa ta fuskar yawan jama'a, sun zama masu zaman kansu tare da masu sana'a, kuma suna tasowa zuwa manyan sarakuna. Manyan masu mulki suna da ikon addini da na siyasa, suna tsara gina manyan wuraren bukukuwa^[7]

Wayewar farko ta farko a Mexico ita ce al'adun Olmec, wanda ya bunƙasa a Tekun Fasha daga kusan 1500 BC. Halayen al'adun Olmec sun bazu ta cikin Mexico zuwa wasu al'adu na zamani a Chiapas, Oaxaca, da kwarin Mexico.^[8] A cikin zamani na zamani na zamani, wayewar Maya da Zapotec sun haɓaka cibiyoyi masu rikitarwa a Calakmul da Monte Albán, bi da bi. A cikin wannan lokacin an haɓaka tsarin rubutun Mesoamerican na gaskiya na farko a cikin al'adun Epi-Olmec da Zapotec. Al'adar rubuce-rubucen Mesoamerican ta kai tsayinta a cikin rubutun Classic Maya Hieroglyphic, farkon rubutaccen tarihin tun daga wannan zamanin. Al'adar rubuce-rubuce tana da mahimmanci bayan cin nasarar Mutanen Espanya a cikin 1521, tare da marubutan 'yan asalin ƙasar suna koyon rubuta harsunansu cikin haruffa haruffa, yayin da kuma suna ci gaba da ƙirƙirar rubutun hoto.^[9] ^[10]

Mulki

Mēxihco shine kalmar Nahuatl na tsakiyar daular Aztec, wato kwarin Mexico da yankuna da ke kewaye, tare da mutanensa da ake kira Mexica. An yi imani da cewa toponym na kwarin shine asalin asalin ƙabilanci na Aztec Triple Alliance, amma yana iya kasancewa akasin haka.^[11]. A zamanin mulkin mallaka (1521-1821) lokacin da aka san Mexico da New Spain, wannan yanki na tsakiya ya zama Nufin Mexico. Bayan New Spain ta sami 'yancin kai daga Daular Sipaniya a 1821 kuma ta zama ƙasa mai 'yanci an san Niyya da Jihar Mexico, tare da sunan sabuwar ƙasar da babban birninta: Mexico City. Sunan kasar dai ya sauya ne yayin da tsarin gwamnati ya sauya. Sanarwar 'yancin kai da aka sanya hannu a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba 1813 ta wakilan Majalisar Anáhuac da ake kira yankin América Septentrional (Arewacin Amurka); Shirin 1821 na Iguala shima yayi amfani da América Septentrional. A lokuta biyu (1821-1823 da 1863-1867), an san ƙasar da Impero Mexicano (Daular Mexican). Duk kundin tsarin mulkin tarayya guda uku (1824, 1857, da 1917, tsarin mulki na yanzu) sun yi amfani da sunan Estados Unidos Mexicanos ^[12] — ko kuma bambance-bambancen Estados-Unidos Mexicanos, ^[13] duk an fassara su azaman "Ƙasar Mexico". Kalmar República Mexicana, "Jamhuriyar Mexica", an yi amfani da ita a cikin Dokokin Tsarin Mulki na 1836.^[14]

Arziki

Wasanni

Fannin tsaro

Kimiya

Al'adu

Addinai

Mutane

Hotuna

Entrance, Monument to the Niños Héroes
Birnin
Torre Latioamericana, first skyscraper in Latin America
Tijuana, Mexico 2005
Tsohon gari a kasar Mexico
Chichen Itza, Mexico
Gidan tarihin Mexico a Texas
Mexico city

Manazarta

Wannan Muƙalar guntuwa ce: tana buƙatar a inganta ta, kuna iya gyara ta.

↑ Spanish: México or Méjico, pronunciation: [ˈme.xi.ko] ⓘ; Classical Nahuatl: Mēxihco; Yucatec Maya: Meejikoo
↑ Usually, in Spanish, the name of the country is spelled México; however, in Peninsular (European) Spanish, the variant Méjico is used alongside the usual version. According to the Diccionario panhispánico de dudas by the Royal Spanish Academy and Association of Academies of the Spanish Language, the version with J is also correct; however, the spelling with X is recommended, as it is the one used in Mexico.[11]
↑ Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos ([esˈtaðos uˈniðos mexiˈkanos] ⓘ); Classical Nahuatl: Mēxihcatl Tlacetilīlli Tlahtohcāyōtl, lit. 'Mexican United States
↑ Werner 2001, pp. 386
↑ Susan Toby Evans; David L. Webster (2013). Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-136-80186-0.
↑ Diehl, Richard A. (2004). The Olmecs: America's First Civilization. Thames & Hudson. pp. 9–25. ISBN 978-0-500-02119-4.
↑ Carmack, Robert M.; Gasco, Janine L.; Gossen, Gary H. (2016). The Legacy of Mesoamerica: History and Culture of a Native American Civilization. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-34678-4.[page needed]
↑ Colin M. MacLachlan (13 April 2015). Imperialism and the Origins of Mexican Culture. Harvard University Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-674-28643-6
↑ Restall, Matthew, "A History of the New Philology and the New Philology in History", Latin American Research Review - Volume 38, Number 1, 2003, pp.113–134
↑ Sampson, Geoffrey (1985). Writing Systems: A Linguistic Introduction. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-1756-4.[page needed]
↑ William Bright (2004). Native American Placenames of the United States. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 281. ISBN 978-0-8061-3598-4.
↑ "El cambio de la denominación de "Estados Unidos Mexicanos" por la de "México" en la Constitución Federal". ierd.prd.org.mx. Archived from the original on 1 November 2008. Retrieved 4 November 2009.
↑ Constitución Mexicana de 1857". www.tlahui.com. Archived from the original on 5 October 2018. Retrieved 30 May 2010.
↑ Leyes Constitucionales de 1836". Cervantesvirtual.com. 29 November 2010. Archived from the original on 23 August 2013. Retrieved 17 July 2013.

[1] Spanish: México or Méjico, pronunciation: [ˈme.xi.ko] ⓘ; Classical Nahuatl: Mēxihco; Yucatec Maya: Meejikoo

[2] Usually, in Spanish, the name of the country is spelled México; however, in Peninsular (European) Spanish, the variant Méjico is used alongside the usual version. According to the Diccionario panhispánico de dudas by the Royal Spanish Academy and Association of Academies of the Spanish Language, the version with J is also correct; however, the spelling with X is recommended, as it is the one used in Mexico.[11]

[3] Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos ([esˈtaðos uˈniðos mexiˈkanos] ⓘ); Classical Nahuatl: Mēxihcatl Tlacetilīlli Tlahtohcāyōtl, lit. 'Mexican United States

[4] Werner 2001, pp. 386

[5] Susan Toby Evans; David L. Webster (2013). Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-136-80186-0.

[6] Diehl, Richard A. (2004). The Olmecs: America's First Civilization. Thames & Hudson. pp. 9–25. ISBN 978-0-500-02119-4.

[7] Carmack, Robert M.; Gasco, Janine L.; Gossen, Gary H. (2016). The Legacy of Mesoamerica: History and Culture of a Native American Civilization. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-34678-4.[page needed]

[8] Colin M. MacLachlan (13 April 2015). Imperialism and the Origins of Mexican Culture. Harvard University Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-674-28643-6

[9] Restall, Matthew, "A History of the New Philology and the New Philology in History", Latin American Research Review - Volume 38, Number 1, 2003, pp.113–134

[10] Sampson, Geoffrey (1985). Writing Systems: A Linguistic Introduction. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-1756-4.[page needed]

[11] William Bright (2004). Native American Placenames of the United States. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 281. ISBN 978-0-8061-3598-4.

[12] "El cambio de la denominación de "Estados Unidos Mexicanos" por la de "México" en la Constitución Federal". ierd.prd.org.mx. Archived from the original on 1 November 2008. Retrieved 4 November 2009.

[13] Constitución Mexicana de 1857". www.tlahui.com. Archived from the original on 5 October 2018. Retrieved 30 May 2010.

[14] Leyes Constitucionales de 1836". Cervantesvirtual.com. 29 November 2010. Archived from the original on 23 August 2013. Retrieved 17 July 2013.

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