Iyakar Saudiyya da Daular Larabawa
 Iyakar Saudiyya da Daular Larabawa | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
border (en)  , land boundary (en) , maritime boundary (en) , international border (en) da territorial dispute (en) | ||||
| Bayanai | ||||
| Bangare na |
borders of Saudi Arabia (en) da United Arab Emirates borders (en) | |||
| Ƙasa | Saudi Arebiya da Taraiyar larabawa | |||
| Applies to jurisdiction (en) | Saudi Arebiya da Taraiyar larabawa | |||
| Wuri | ||||
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Iyakar Saudi Arabiya zuwa United Arab Emirates tana da Tsawon kilomita 457 (284 mi) kuma yana tafiya daga gabar Tekun Fasha a yamma zuwa bakin teku tare da Oman a gabas.[1] Gwamnatocin Saudiyya da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa sun rattaba hannu kan yerjejeniyar Jeddah a birnin Jeddah na kasar Saudiyya a ranar 21 ga watan Agustan 1974 tsakanin Faisal na Saudiyya da Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan bisa ga dukkan alamu kawo karshen takaddamar kan iyaka da ta dauki tsawon lokaci ana gwabzawa, amma bisa ga cewar. Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ba a sasanta takaddamar ba saboda sabanin da ke tsakanin yarjejeniyar ta baka kafin sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar da kuma rubutun karshe na yarjejeniyar da kanta. A cewar Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, gwamnati ba ta lura da wannan sabani ba sai a shekarar 1975 sakamakon rashin lauyoyi, masu fasaha, da masu nazarin yanayin kasa a cikin tawagarta ta tattaunawar. Tun daga lokacin ne Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta yi yunkurin mayar da Saudiyya kan teburin tattaunawa.[2]
Bayani a kan Iyakar[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Iyakar ta ƙunshi layi madaidaiciya guda huɗu: na farko yana farawa daga yamma a bakin tekun a Tekun Sumayrah kusa da gabar tekun Ras Khumays (Ghumais) ta UAE, ta zarce zuwa kudu tsawon kilomita 26 (mita 16); na biyu yana daidaitawa NW-SE kuma yana tafiyar kilomita 166 (103 mi); na uku yana daidaitawa NW-SE kuma yana tafiyar kilomita 265 (164 mi); kuma na huɗu yana daidaita SW-NE kuma yana tafiyar kilomita 12 (7 mi) har zuwa yankin Omani. Iyakar ta ta'allaka ne gaba ɗaya a cikin hamada, lokaci-lokaci tana yanke ciyayi mai gishiri kamar Sabkhat Matti.[3]
Tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A tarihi babu wata ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun iyaka a wannan yanki na yankin Larabawa. A cikin karni na 19, Biritaniya ta rattaba hannu kan wasu yarjejeniyoyin kariya da masarautu bakwai a kan abin da a lokacin ake kira 'Pirate Coast', wanda ya haifar da abin da ake kira Jihohin Gaskiya. Ƙasar Larabawa ta ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin Larabawa marasa tsari, lokaci-lokaci suna kafa masarautu, waɗanda suka fi fice daga cikinsu ita ce Masarautar Nejd da Hasa waɗanda dangin al-Saud ke mulki[4]. Biritaniya da Daular Ottoman bisa ka'ida sun raba ra'ayoyinsu na tasiri a cikin Larabawa ta hanyar abin da ake kira 'Blue' da 'Layin Violet' a cikin 1913-14.
A lokacin yakin duniya na farko wani tawaye na Larabawa, wanda Birtaniya ke marawa baya, ya yi nasarar kawar da Daular Usmaniyya daga yawancin yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya; A cikin wannan lokaci Ibn Saud ya yi nasarar fadada mulkinsa sosai, daga karshe ya shelanta daular Saudiyya a shekarar 1932. Ibn Saud ya ki amincewa da layukan Anglo-Ottoman kuma ya yi da'awar manyan yankunan gabashin Larabawa (wanda ake kira daular). 'Layin Hamza').
A ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 1935 jami'an Burtaniya sun gana da Ibn Saud a yunƙurin ƙaddamar da iyaka tsakanin sabuwar masarauta da masu kare bakin teku, gami da Jihohin Gaskiya.[7] Duk da haka taron ya kasance mai zubar da ciki kuma har yanzu ba a warware matsalar ba.
Ba a bayyana tanade-tanaden yarjejeniyar 1974 a bainar jama'a ba sai 1995, lokacin da aka shigar da ita ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Sai dai Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ba ta taba amincewa da yarjejeniyar ba. [5]
Rigimar Buraimi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A shekarar 1949, Saudiyya a karkashin mulkin Ibn Saud da Saudi Aramco sun yi kutse zuwa yankin yammacin masarautar Abu Dhabi, saboda tunanin samun mai. Ibn Saud kuma yana da sha'awar mulkin yankin Al Ain da Al Buraimi, da ke Gabashin yankin Abu Dhabi a kan iyakarsa da Oman. Wannan ya haifar da rigimar Buraimi[10]. A ranar 31 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1952, wasu gungun masu gadi na Saudiyya 80, 40 daga cikinsu suna dauke da makamai, karkashin jagorancin Sarkin Saudiyya, Ras Tanura, Turki bin Abdullah Al Otaishan, suka tsallaka yankin Abu Dhabi, suka mamaye Hamasa, daya daga cikin kauyuka uku na Omani. oasis, suna da'awar a matsayin wani yanki na lardin Gabashin Saudiyya.
A ranar 30 ga Yuli, 1954, an amince da a mai da gardamar zuwa kotun sasantawa ta duniya. A halin da ake ciki kuma, Saudiyya ta fara wani kamfen na karbar cin hanci da rashawa domin samun sanarwar biyayyar kabilanci da ya kamata a dogara da ita. Wannan yakin har ya kai ga Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, dan uwan Sheikh Shakhbut, mai mulkin Abu Dhabi kuma a lokacin walin Al Ain. Saudiya ne suka tunkari Zayed, da farko da tayin kashi 50% na duk wani kudin man da ake samu daga yankin, sai kuma sabuwar mota da Rupees 40,000. Hanya ta uku ta bai wa Zayed Rupee miliyan 400, daga karshe kuma, an sanar da shi cewa, wakilin Saudiyya, Abdullah Al Qurayshi, ya bukaci ya ba shi bindigogi uku.
Yancin Daular Larabawa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Bayan ayyana ‘yancin kai a shekarar 1971, Saudiyya ta hana kasar amincewa da kasar da Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan a matsayin shugabanta, sakamakon rikicin yankin da masarautar Abu Dhabi ke fuskanta, sannan ta ci gaba da tuntubar Masarautar. a matsayin masarautu daidaikun jama’a da ke kewaye da kungiyar tarayya. A shekarar 1974, Sheikh Zayed ya tambayi sarki Faisal cewa UAE na matukar bukatar hadin kai daga kasar Saudiyya domin amincewa da kasar, don haka aka bukaci a bude tattaunawa kan batun kan iyaka. Sarki Faisal ya yi amfani da dabarar rashin amincewa da Masarautar Abu Dhabi domin cimma matsaya cikin gaggawa. An riga an danganta Sarki Faisal da batun kafin 1974 a matsayin ministan harkokin waje a zamanin mahaifinsa Sarki Abdulaziz. Ya shaida gazawar tarurrukan da dama da jami’an Birtaniyya a wasu lokutan suke wakilci Abu Dhabi. Ya ji yadda aka gudanar da rikicin na Buraimi inda aka fatattaki sojojin Saudiyya tare da kawar da su da karfi, babban cin fuska ne ga masarautar, da kuma daukar fansa. Sarki Faisal ya shaida wa tawagar UAE da ta ziyarce shi a Taif a watan Yulin 1972 cewa an wulakanta Saudiyya a Buraimi kuma za ta kwato hakkinta, yana mai shan alwashin cewa ba za ta yi watsi da dukiyoyin da ta gada daga uba da kakanni ba. Sheikh Zayed ya fi kwadayin ganin an sasanta amma bukatar Saudiyya ba ta tabbata ba domin ta yi ikrarin mamaye filaye masu yawa a Masarautar Abu Dhabi wanda wasu daga cikin su ke dauke da rijiyoyin mai da dama.
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Al Mazrouei, Noura Saber (2013). UAE-Saudi Arabia Border Dispute: The Case of the 1974 Treaty of Jeddah (PDF). University of Eexter.
- ↑ Habeeb, William Mark (2012). The Middle East in Turmoil: Conflict, Revolution and Change. Greenwood Press. p. 33. ISBN 978-0313339141.
- ↑ Richard Schofield (31 March 1999), Negotiating the Saudi-Yemeni international boundary, Al-Bab, retrieved 30 March 2020
- ↑ Quentin., Morton, Michael (2013). Buraimi : the Struggle for Power, Influence and Oil in Arabia. London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 9780857722676. OCLC 858974407.
- ↑ Madawi Al-Rasheed. A History of Saudi Arabia. Cambridge, England, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. 40.